抑癌基因PTEN在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中PTEN基因表达与胃癌临床病理的关系及其对预后的判断价值。方法应用免疫组化SP技术和图像分析技术,研究PTEN在胃癌和正常胃黏膜组织中的表达情况及阳性表达面积、强阳性表达面积,分析与病理参数的关系,并采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析不同表达水平对术后生存率的影响。结果发现胃癌组织PTEN表达阳性率、阳性面积、强阳性面积均明显低于正常胃黏膜组织（P〈0.01）。胃癌组织PTEN表达与胃癌组织分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴转移、肿瘤分期明显相关,术后3、5 a生存率低表达者明显低于高表达者（P均〈0.05）。结论PTEN基因表达低下或丢失与胃癌发生、浸润、转移有关,可作为预测术后生存率的指标。     

整形外科临床教学模式浅析

随着整形美容外科专业在我国的蓬勃发展,国内不同等级的医疗机构对经过正规培训的整形美容外科医生的需求逐年在增加。为了提高教学效果,针对整形外科不同层次的学生,我们采用了多种形式、有针对性的教学模式,并取得了一定的效果。本文分别从教学查房、手术带教、读书报告、技能培训、学术交流、专题讲座等多个层面浅析了整形外科临床教学模式。     

两种微创方法治疗股骨颈骨折的临床对照试验

目的分别应用三针锁针加压器外固定和空心拉力钉内固定疗法治疗股骨颈骨折,探讨股骨颈骨折最佳治疗方法.方法应用三针锁针加压器外固定治疗股骨颈骨折63例,其中男24例,女39例;年龄55～89岁,平均(64.5±3.2)岁;Garderl Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型15例,Ⅲ型38例,Ⅳ型8例.应用空心拉力钉内固定治疗63例,其中男29例,女34例;年龄45～76岁,平均(62.2±2.9)岁;Garden Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型24例,Ⅲ型28例,Ⅳ型7例.对其疗效进行分析.结果126例除2例死亡外均得到随访.115例愈合,其中10例股骨头坏死.外固定组愈合58例,股骨头坏死4例,死亡1例;内固定组愈合57例,股骨头坏死6例,死亡1例.根据Harris功能评定标准评价疗效,外固定组62例中优24例,良26例,可8例,差4例,优良率80.65%;内固定组62例中优23例,良27例,可6例,差6例,优良率80.65%.Harris评分外固定组平均(80.40±1.21)分,内固定组平均(79.14±1.47)分,两组Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论采用内外固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效无明显差异,但外固定创伤小、费用低、可早期离床;而采用拉力钉内固定器医疗成本高,卧病时间相对较长,且需二次手术取内固定钉.     

107例胃肠间质瘤的病理学分析及临床诊治

目的总结胃肠间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理和免疫组织化学(免疫组化)特征,并评价预后。方法对1996年4月至2005年10月收治的107例GIST患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果107例GIST病例中,73例(68.2%)为胃间质瘤,其他为小肠、结肠和系膜、网膜及后腹膜间质瘤;肿瘤直径0.7～20cm。CD117和vimentin阳性率100%,CD34阳性率83.2%。107例患者均接受手术治疗,联合脏器切除14例次。总随访率83.2%,平均随访24.5个月。14例(13.1%)发现复发或转移,其中4例为GIST中度恶性风险者。10例为高度恶性风险者;死亡4例。结论GIST的确诊主要依靠病理及免疫组化,CD117是诊断GIST的重要标记物,手术完整切除肿瘤效果满意,恶性GIST宜行较大范围的切除术。必要时须行联合脏器切除。     

神经病学临床见习教学的思考

本文从多方面介绍了神经病学临床见习的教学方法,认为临床见习的重点是理论联系实际及学生临床思维能力的培养,促进医学生向医生的转变。     

关于医学生外科临床实习质量的探讨

外科是一门实践性很强的学科，如何培养实用型医学人才是摆在我们面前的首要问题。本文分析了外科临床实习中存在的问题，并提出一些应对措施。     

数据库技术新进展及其在医疗系统中的应用

论述了关系型数据库的革命性贡献与发展中的矛盾,实现医疗系统中的数据管理功能需要解决的问题,以及对临床数据输入系统的需求。     

Can a failed ileal pouch anal anastomosis be left in situ?

OBJECTIVE: Failure after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is reported with a frequency of 10-20%. The failed IPAA can be excised or defunctioned. Indications for excision and further management of an indefinitely diverted pouch are poorly described. The aim of the present investigation was to investigate pouch-related problems and the histopathological pattern of the pouch mucosa in this group of patients. METHOD: In a cohort of 620 patients having IPAA with a median follow-up of 14 years, 56 patients with failure were identified. The patients with defunctioned pouches were assessed with regard to pouch-related problems and endoscopy with biopsies was performed. Biopsies were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, PAS for neutral mucins and Alcian blue/high iron diamine for sialomucins/sulphomucins. Morphological changes were grouped into three types modified according to Veress and assessed for dysplasia. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with an indefinitely diverted pouch were found. The follow-up time after surgery for failure was 10 years. Thirteen patients completed the follow-up. Except for two patients with pelvic/perineal pain, there were no clinical problems. The majority of patients displayed mild to moderate macroscopic signs of inflammation. Morphologically, findings ranged from a preserved mucosal pattern to intense inflammatory reaction. No case of dysplasia or carcinoma was found. CONCLUSION: Most patients with an indefinitely diverted pouch had no complaints regarding the pouch. There was no case of dysplasia. Indefinite diversion may be preferable to pouch excision, especially given the associated morbidity.