135例海洛因依赖者乙型肝炎病毒标志检测结果分析

１３５例海洛因依赖者乙型肝炎病毒标志检测结果分析张立学，郑纳新，赖倩（解放军３０７医院．北京．１０００３９）摘要＊＊本文对１３５例海洛因依赖者做乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）标志物栓测，结果显示：ＨＢＶ感染阳性率为６５．９％，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性携带率为７．４％．...     

Granular cell tumors of the breast: A report of two cases

Granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare neoplasms, and only 173 cases of benign GCT of the breast have been documented. We report herein the cases of two patients with this tumor and discuss the methods of diagnosis and treatment. The first patient was a 60-year-old woman who presented with a firm ill-defined mass in her left breast. Mammography showed a dense shadow with spicula and skin thickness, and ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic mass with an irregular border. Radical mastectomy was performed under the wrong preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer. The second patient was a 31-year-old woman who presented with an elastic-hard mass in her left breast. Mammography showed a well-demarcated dense mass, and ultrasonography revealed a well-defined hypoechoic mass with a large depth-width ratio. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a large number of histiocytic cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. An excisional biopsy was performed, and histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of GCT. GCT is benign, but often misdiagnosed as breast cancer both clinically and radiologically. Therefore, histological examination is essential for making a correct diagnosis, while FNAC is also useful. Local resection is still the treatment of choice, and surgeons should do their utmost to avoid performing needless radical mastectomy.     

药物敏感试验指导肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的顺铂联合其他药物胸腔内化疗

目的用药物敏感试验预测肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液癌细胞对顺铂联合其他药物的敏感度，观察其在指导此类患者的顺铂联合其他化疗药物胸腔内化疗的价值。方法将44例胸腔积液癌细胞阳性肺癌患者随机分为两组：药物敏感试验组（20例，有2例因体外药物敏感试验失败而被排除）和对照组（22例）。药物敏感试验组患者用三磷酸腺苷-肿瘤细胞药物敏感试验（ATP-TCA）法分别检测胸腔积液癌细胞对顺铂加香菇多糖、顺铂加甘露聚糖肽、顺铂加A群链球菌制剂、顺铂加干扰素、顺铂加金黄色葡萄球菌滤液制剂、顺铂加卡介苗多糖核酸、顺铂加红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架、顺铂加白细胞介素-2的敏感度，并选择抑瘤率最高的联合化疗药物对患者进行胸腔内化疗，观察治疗后胸腔积液完全缓解率及胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率，并与对照组比较。结果药物敏感试验组患者对各联合化疗药物敏感的例数为：顺铂加香菇多糖14例、顺铂加甘露聚糖肽18例、顺铂加A群链球菌制剂17例、顺铂加干扰素10例、顺铂加金黄色葡萄球菌滤液制剂16例、顺铂加卡介苗多糖核酸15例、顺铂加红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架17例、顺铂加白细胞介素-216例。药物敏感试验组完全缓解率为65．0％，对照组为27．3％（P〈0．05）。药物敏感试验组胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率为80．0％，对照组为45．5％（P〈0．05）。结论用药物敏感试验指导肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的胸腔内个体化化疗可提高完全缓解率和胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率，该方法具有临床实用价值。     

动物喂养辐照食品的安全性评价

本试验是在多种食品的基础上,加大照射剂量(吸收剂量为0.1～8.0 kGy)和提高辐照食品在膳食中比例(千重80％以上)的条件下,进行了150d的大白鼠喂养试验。通过对饲料的营养成分分析及其利用,对动物的生长发育、血液学、致突变性及病理学等项指标的检测,结果证明是安全的。本试验结果为今后辐照食品商业化提供了安全的证据。     

磁性附着体用于下颌全口义齿的疗效观察

目的 观察磁性附着体的临床效果。方法 采用Magfit磁性附着体修复11例患者下颌全口义齿。观察固位力及基牙情况。结果 11例患者黏固磁体后固位力明显提高，基牙无松动，牙周指标良好。结论 磁性附着体能满意地解决义齿的固位稳定问题，提高义齿的修复质量。     

MNNG诱导大鼠胃癌模型的建立

目的 通过构建动物模型，为进一步研究胃癌转移及其生长过程中的一系列生物学表现提供实验材料。方法 根据饲养的不同阶段在饮水和饲料中添加MNNG喂养Wistar雄性大鼠，定期取材，HE染色，观察鉴定。结果 MNNG喂饲24周可见胃黏膜内癌；40周可见黏膜下层及肌层浸润癌。结论 阶段口服MNNG混合法可成功诱发Wistar大鼠胃腺癌。     

喉癌患者血小板聚集功能的测定

目的 探讨喉癌与血小板聚集功能的关系。方法 采用比浊法，对50例喉癌患进行血小板聚集功能的检测并以良性肿瘤病人、喉慢性炎性疾病病人及正常人作为对照，应用SAS计算机系统进行分析。结果 与其他组病人相比，喉癌组血小板聚集功能增强并且随着临床分期的增高有增强趋势。结论 喉癌病人的血小板聚集功能有一定的增强；测定血小板聚集功能对恶性肿瘤的疗效判定、预后评估及预测转移有一定的意义；血小板抑制剂有望成为治疗肿瘤的新方法。     

Spatial frequency content of the Cardiff and related acuity tests

In the Cardiff acuity test, simple pictures on an otherwise neutral grey card are defined by borders consisting of a relatively broad white band flanked by black bands each half the width of the white band. Higher levels of acuity correspond to the ability to detect figures defined by narrower borders, the figure size remaining constant. It is sometimes implied that the acuity limit corresponding to each card can be equated with different levels of grating resolution, the total width of the border corresponding to the overall grating period. It is shown that although the spatial frequency spectra of the Cardiff figures, like those of other vanishing optotypes, lack very low-frequency components, they have a complex two-dimensional form. The figures have wide spatial bandwidth and no well-defined discrete frequency components. As a result, the relationship between measured Cardiff and grating acuity will vary somewhat, depending upon the particular optical, neural or other deficits of the individual being tested.     

硫酸铁铵催化合成乙酰乙酸乙酯乙二醇缩酮

采用正交试验优选出最佳条件为：当乙酰乙酸乙酯为0.2moL时，硫酸铁铵0.7g，环乙烷10mL。乙酰乙酸乙酯和惭二醇摩尔比为1：1.5，反应时间为5h。所得产率为59.2%。     

高原低氧对大鼠学习记忆影响的实验研究

目的：研究高原低氧环境对大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法：利用新生大鼠低氧模型和胎鼠低氧模型，采用爬杆实验和Morris水迷宫实验进行检测.结果：爬杆实验中习得的速度减慢，消退速度加快。Morris水迷宫实验中逃避潜伏期延长，撤除平台后跨越平台次数减少。结论：高原低氧环境下大鼠的学习记忆能力受到抑制，可能与长期低氧后海马NMDA受体数量和功能的下降有关。