伐昔洛韦分散片的处方筛选研究

目的:筛选和优化伐昔洛韦分散片的处方。方法:以崩解时限为考察指标,以交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPP)浓度及加入方法、粘合剂聚维酮(PVP-K30)浓度、羧甲基淀粉钠(CMS-Na)的用量为因素,采用L9(34)正交试验表设计试验方案,对伐昔洛韦分散片处方进行筛选,并与普通片进行体外溶出度比较。结果:最佳处方为PVPP(内加)4.0%、PVP-K301.0%、CMS-Na5.0%;按优化处方制备的伐昔洛韦分散片在3min内完全崩解,溶出度明显优于普通片。结论:优化处方达到《中国药典》规定要求。     

构建医疗机构调剂审方思维

目的:构建医疗机构调剂审方思维。方法:结合门诊药房调剂工作实例,概括药师构建药品通用名、药品规格和用量、治疗方案、药品不良反应、药物组成等方面的审方思维。结果与结论:药师构建审方思维对确保临床安全、合理用药非常必要,有益于在医院药学工作转型和药师观念与职能转变方面发挥作用。     

浅谈GB／T14233．1-1998环氧乙烷残留量计算公式中的问题

本文围绕环氧乙烷残留量计算过程中遇到的问题，探讨相应的方法，使环氧乙烷残留量的计算过程进一步科学化。此建议已被全国医用输液器具标准化技术委员会采纳。     

Sobh Formula: A New Formula for Estimation of Creatinine Clearance in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Chronic Renal disease

Backgrounds: Cockcroft–Gault formula overestimates creatinine clearance (Ccr) in obese or edematous patients. This limitation urged us to develop a new formula that can overcome the limitation of Cockcroft–Gault formula. Methods: We developed a new formula suitable for rapid bedside estimation of creatinine clearance in healthy adults and elderly persons and patients with chronic renal disease considering the surface area as a reliable factor for estimation of creatinine clearance. This cross sectional study included 182 individuals (healthy persons and patients with chronic kidney disease). Ccr was estimated by different methods including 24 hours urine collection, Cockcroft–Gault equation, and our new formula, and ^99mTc-DTPA isotope clearance which was considered as a standard method for comparison between the other methods.Results: Our new formula had a statistically significant higher correlation coefficient with the standard ^99mTc-DTPA isotope clearance for all groups included in this study (r=0.97) than either Cockcroft–Gault formula (r=0.90) or 24 hours urine collection method (r=0.88). Conclusion: Our formula is a step forward for a better bedside assessment of kidney function in both healthy individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease.     

Increased kidney growth in formula-fed versus breast-fed healthy infants

A high protein intake results in increased kidney growth and glomerular filtration rate in human adults and young rats. It is unknown whether kidney size in young infants is influenced by increased protein intake in formula-fed compared with breast-fed infants. We investigated the effect of formula versus breast feeding on kidney growth in a cohort of 631 healthy children examined at birth, and at 3 and 18 months of age. Kidney size was determined by ultrasonography and related to gender, age, body size, and feeding category (fully breast fed, partially breast fed, or fully formula fed at 3 months). Serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and estimated creatinine clearance were measured at 3 months of age. Kidney growth and serum urea nitrogen were significantly increased in partially or fully formula-fed 3-month-old infants. This effect was more pronounced in boys than in girls. The changes in relative kidney size were temporary, as they did not persist at 18 months of age, when all children received a normal mixed diet. The immediate renal effects of formula feeding should be taken into consideration for recommendations concerning infant feeding. Whether there are any long-term effects of early increased protein intake on later kidney function remains to be seen.     

三黄降糖方对糖尿病大鼠心肌局部肾素-血管紧张素系统的作用

目的 研究三黄降糖方对糖尿病大鼠心肌病变的作用及对心肌肾素一血管紧张素系统(RAS)的影响。方法 腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)造成大鼠糖尿病模型,于造模后2周起分别灌胃三黄降糖方(50g／kg)、达美康(20mg／kg)、卡托普利(15mg／kg)和尼群地平(30mg／kg),连续8周,检测空腹血糖、血清胰岛素(Ins)、心脏／体重比值及心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血管紧张素转换酶(AC：E)和醛固酮(ALD),以逆转录一聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测心肌血管紧张素Ⅰ型受体(ATIR)mRNA表达。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型对照组空腹血糖升高(P<0．01),血清Ins水平降低(P<0．01),心脏／体重比值升高(P<0．01),心肌AngⅡ含量增加(P<0．01),ACE活性升高(P<0．01),ALD含量增加(P<0．05),心肌ATIR mRNA表达增加(P<0．05)。三黄降糖方、达美康、卡托普利和尼群地平均可使模型大鼠血糖轻微降低,但各药均不升高血清Ins水平。三黄降糖方、达美康、卡托普利和尼群地平均可使心脏／体重比值下降,心肌AngⅡ含量、ACE活性和ATIR mRNA表达量均下降,三黄降糖方和卡托普利还可使心肌ALD含量降低。结论 在糖尿病病程10周,可引起心肌肥大,心脏局部RAS激活与糖尿病心肌病变的发生有关;三黄降糖方、达美康、卡托普利和尼群地平均可对抗糖尿病心肌病变,其作用与抑制心脏局部RAS激活有关。     

Importance of insulin content in infant diet: suggestion for a new infant formula

Oral insulin promotes intestinal maturation and may prevent diabetes in animal models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of insulin in human milk and in different infant formulas. Our results show that the concentration of insulin in human milk is significantly higher (60.23 +/- 41.05 microU/ml mean +/- SD) compared with cow's milk (16.32 +/- 5.98 microU/ml mean +/- SD) and that insulin is hardly detectable in infant formulas. We propose the addition of human insulin to infant formula to match its composition more closely to human milk.     

凉血活血方对脓毒症大鼠白细胞系列黏附分子表达的影响

目的:研究凉血活血方对脓毒症大鼠白细胞黏附分子表达的影响,探讨其药理作用机制。方法:Wistar大鼠90只,雌雄各半,随机分为假手术组(10只)、模型组(20只)、凉血活血方治疗组(分为大,中,小剂量组,每组20只)。采用盲肠结扎穿孔法制作脓毒症模型,造模同时分别进行灌胃治疗,给予大,中,小剂量的活血凉血方浸膏,观察72h动物死亡率;在造模72h后腹主动脉取血抗凝,溶血素处理后,分别加入不同荧光素标记的CD11b、CD31、CD54、CD62L抗体,经流式细胞仪检测白细胞表面4种黏附分子的表达情况;行气管插管进行肺泡灌洗,收集分离白细胞,流式细胞术检测4种黏附分子的表达情况;留取肝、肺及末段回肠组织,检测髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性。结果:模型组大鼠血中及肺泡灌洗液中白细胞黏附分子CD11b、CD31、CD54、CD62L表达较假手术组显著增高;大,中剂量凉血活血方治疗可显著降低模型大鼠血中及肺泡灌洗液中白细胞CD11b、CD31、CD54、CD62L表达,显著降低肝、肺及末段回肠组织MPO活性;凉血活血方大剂量组动物死亡率显著降低。结论:脓毒症状态下白细胞黏附因子的异常高表达及其与血管内皮的黏附作用可介导多种脏器功能障碍,活血凉血中药可通过抑制血管内皮系列黏附分子高表达而发挥治疗作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定通脉降糖颗粒中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的 :测定通脉降糖颗粒中盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法 :高效液相色谱法。SpherigelC1 8柱 ,乙腈 水 (55∶35)为流动相 ,每 1 0 0 0ml流动相中含磷酸二氢钾 3 .4g,十二烷基硫酸钠 1 .7g ,流速 1ml·min- 1 ,检测波长 345nm。结果 :通脉降糖颗粒中盐酸小檗碱与多种杂质能有效分离。盐酸小檗碱进样量在 0 .0 2 65～ 0 .2 1 2 0 μg范围内线性关系良好 ,γ =0 .9998。平均回收率为 1 0 1 .6 % (n =5 ,RSD =1 .8% )。结论 :本方法简便、快速、准确     

解毒方对雄黄致小鼠砷中毒解毒作用的实验研究

目的观察中药方剂解毒方对雄黄致小鼠砷中毒的解毒作用。方法利用雄黄建立小鼠砷中毒模型，将80只ICR小鼠随机分为模型组、西药组、中药组和正常组，每组20只。测定小鼠血砷、尿砷、血肌酐（Cr）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）的含量；谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力。结果血砷、尿砷含量以模型组最高，并且与正常对照组比较有显著性差异，而中药组和西药组均能降低尿砷含量，差异显著（P〈0．01）；Cr、ALT的含量各组之间差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；西药组、中药组均可降低升高的GSH-Px和SOD（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；结论解毒方对砷中毒具有一定的解毒作用，其机制可能与排砷、调节细胞抗氧化能力有关。