颈髓血流障碍与脊髓型颈椎病发病机制的实验研究

目的观察脊髓前动脉阻断对颈髓血供、功能的影响及其病理学变化,研究脊髓型颈椎病的发病机制。方法以家兔为实验模型,阻断C2段脊髓前动脉,在术后6h、24h、72h采用改良Tarlov法对动物行为学评级以及检测运动诱发电位的变化,应用激光多普勒血流测定仪测定颈髓血流灌注量,并观察兔颈髓组织细胞形态学、相关免疫组化的变化。结果术后各时相点神经功能减退,血流量下降明显,神经元骨架结构紊乱,细胞器破坏,出现急性缺血性改变。结论脊髓前动脉血流障碍可导致颈髓缺血性病变,引起脊髓的梗死,是脊髓型颈椎病发生不可忽视的重要因素,对其治疗应注意改善局部血液循环。     

改进微波幅射器探头治疗宫颈糜烂疗效观察

目的：探讨改进的微波辐射器探头治疗宫颈糜烂的疗效。方法：将微波辐射器探头由双直线形、双针形、单针形等点线状改进成为“单舌形”和“双舌形”两种弧形平面探头，用于治疗宫颈糜烂。分析1999-2002年450例宫颈糜烂治疗资料，其中300例经微波治疗(A组)，150例经C02—激光治疗(B组)，随访1—3个月。结果：两组治疗后3个月内A组治愈率明显高于B组(P＜0．005)，总有效率A组明显高于B组(P＜0．025)。两组术中、术后不良反应比较：术中宫颈创面出血A组明显低于B组(P＜0．005)，术中腹痛、脱痂期出血量、术后局部感染率方面两组相似。结论：所改进的微波辐射器探头治疗宫颈糜烂治愈率高，操作安全，术后并发症少，医患乐于接受。     

急性颈脊髓损伤并发抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征的诊断和治疗

目的探讨急性颈脊髓损伤并发抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析8例急性颈脊髓损伤并发抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征患者的临床资料。脊髓损伤分级:FrankelA级5例,B级3例;损伤节段:C4～53例,C5～63例,C6～72例。8例于受伤后3～7d行骨折椎体次全切除椎管减压、自体髂骨植骨融合及颈椎前路钢板内固定术。3例于术前,5例于术后3～7d发生低钠血症,所有患者低钠血症发生后第2～10d确诊SIADH,根据血钠水平,采用控制每日水量、补钠进行治疗。结果7例经10～21d治愈,血钠平均恢复至138(135～142)mmol/L,血浆渗透压、尿渗透压、尿钠均正常;1例C4骨折、FrankelA级者,因截瘫平面上升并发呼吸衰竭死亡。结论急性颈脊髓损伤并发抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征的发病机制与治疗措施不同于普通低钠血症,早期正确的诊治能降低患者病残率和死亡率,严格控制入液量及补钠为主要治疗方法。     

宫颈鳞癌中erbB3、erbB4基因蛋白表达与细胞凋亡和增殖的相关性研究

目的　探讨原癌基因erbB3、erbB4与细胞凋亡和增殖的关系 ,为该基因作用机制提供新线索。方法　分别采用免疫组化、DNA末端标记技术 (TUNEL法 )和HE染色检测 5 0例宫颈鳞癌中erbB3、erbB4基因蛋白表达及凋亡指数 (AI)和增殖指数 (MI)。结果　宫颈鳞癌中erbB3、erbB4表达率分别为 5 2 .5 %、44 .0 % ,AI、MI值分别为 5 .5 0± 4.10和 4.18± 3 .63 ,随着宫颈癌恶性程度增高、FIGO分期进展、肿瘤体积的增大和淋巴结转移组 ,erbB3、erbB4表达率增加 ,AI、MI值也增高 ,但差异仅在分化程度上有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。双变量相关分析显示erbB3、erbB4表达与AI、MI间无相关性 (r3=0 .10 98、0 .12 3 6,r4 =0 .2 15 1、0 .2 5 5 8,P >0 .0 5 )。结论　erbB3、erbB4和AI、MI预示着宫颈癌恶性潜能 ,但不能作为预后有用指标。erbB3、erbB4的作用机制可能不是通过细胞凋亡或增殖起作用     

不稳定型下颈椎损伤的手术治疗(附56例分析)

目的分析手术治疗下颈椎不稳定性损伤的适应证、手术方法及疗效。方法2001年1月～2003年1月,手术治疗下颈椎不稳定性损伤共56例。参照Aebi及White等人的手术适应证,以前路手术为主;对于难复性颈椎脱位或不伴椎间盘损伤者,行后路施术或前后联合入路手术;稳定性评分大于8分的前后柱损伤者,行前后联合入路手术。以Frankel评分系统评价神经功能恢复情况,以损伤节段Cobb角及水平移位来评价复位情况,采用Bohlman的X线片标准判定植骨融合情况。结果Frankel评分术前平均为2.3分,术后3.1分;按Bohlman标准3个月时植骨融合率为80%,6个月时为100%。术前Cobb角平均为8°,术后为1.5°,水平移位由术前的平均3.5mm减小到0.5mm。结论手术治疗下颈椎不稳定性损伤具有改善神经功能、恢复颈椎序列、恢复椎间高度及生理曲度、可早日下地活动等优点,手术病例及方法的选择应根据患者是否有致压因素及颈椎稳定性等综合考虑。     

颈椎脱位的闭合复位

1985年5月～1996年3月,我们经治34例单纯颈椎脱位患者,30例行Crutchfield颅骨牵引闭合复位,20例成功,占66.6％。在成功组中,牵引重量最大为18kg,无一例出现神经损害加重。不全瘫均有不同程度恢复。尸体头颅标本测定,Crutchfield颅骨牵引承受的最大抗拨出力为60.3kg,在治疗颈椎脱位时,颅骨牵引是安全有效的闭合复位方法。     

DNA flow cytometry in stage IB and II cervical carcinoma

In a retrospective study the prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content was investigated, as measured by flow cytometry, of the tumor specimens from 212 women with nonpretreated FIGO stage IB and II cervical cancer. One-hundred and thirty cases (62%) were found to be diploid, whereas 82 (38%) were aneuploid. Univariate analysis of the follow-up data showed an increased relative risk (RR) for recurrence free survival (RFS) for stage II tumors (RR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.13–3.10, P = 0.015) and for age (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.66–3.52 and RR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.19–4.65, P = 0.032). Ploidy showed a relative risk of 1.33 (95% CI: 0.83–2.13, NS). In addition, univariate analysis of overall survival (OS) revealed similar results. For the subgroup of patients with primary surgery ( n = 151), positive pelvic nodes (RR = 5.38, 95% CI: 2.70–10.71, P = 0.0001) and parametrial extension (RR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.24–5.17, P = 0.011) were significant factors for OS after univariate analysis, the estimated effects on RFS were slightly smaller. Multivariate analysis of RFS for the whole study population showed age, histologic grade and stage with a slightly increased risk, but no effect was significant. Ploidy with an RR of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.58–1.62) seems to have no influence on prognosis. For the subgroup with primary surgery, ploidy again failed statistical significance with an RR of 1.20 (95% CI: 0.58–2.49). Our results suggest that abnormalities of the nuclear DNA content in this homogeneous group of patients are associated with clinical and morphological prognosticators, however, ploidy is not an independent prognostic factor for RFS, or for the whole study population or for the subgroup with primary surgery.     

Insulin-like growth factor I promotes leiomyoma cell growth in vitro

Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether insulin-like growth factors I and II preferentially stimulate uterine leiomyoma cells versus myometrial cells in monolayer culture.Study design: Leiomyomas and normal myometrium were obtained at hysterectomy from five premenopausal women. Specimens were enzymatically digested for use in primary monolayer cell cultures. By use of serum-free media, insulin-like growth factor I or II was added in 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml concentrations to both cell types with the patient serving as her own control. Cell number, prolactin production, and proliferative index values were measured on day 15 of cell culture.Results: Significant increases in cell number were found in the leiomyoma cultures (p < 0.05) treated with 10 and 100 ng/ml insulin-like growth factors I but not with insulin-like growth factos II. Neither factor exerted a stimulatory effect on myometrial cells.Conclusion: Insulin-like growth factor sI preferentially stimulates leiomyoma cells in monolayer culture. These results suggest an autocrine-paracine role in vivo for this factor in conjuction with gonadal steroids in promoting leiomyoma growth.     

子宫颈癌手术前放疗28例临床分析

我院１９８９年至１９９４年共行子宫颈癌广泛切除术和盆腔淋巴结清扫术３９例，其中２８例行术前放射治疗，１９例临床诊断为Ⅱｂ，随着手术技术的提高和术前放射治疗的配合，子宫颈癌的手术适应症的选择，可以扩大至Ⅱｂ，不增加手术的并发症，并具有一定的优点。