沉默hnRNP A2/B1基因后通过Bcl-2/Bax影响宫颈癌CaSki细胞的凋亡

目的 探索沉默核内不均一核糖核蛋白A2/B1（hnRNP A2/B1）基因后对宫颈癌CaSki细胞的增殖、凋亡的 影响及其相关作用机制。方法 建立稳定沉默 hnRNP A2/B1 的 CaSki 细胞株,分为未沉默 hnRNP A2/B1 的空白组 （CaSki 组）、转染阴性序列的阴性对照组（CaSki-NC 组）、转染阳性 hnRNP A2/B1 干扰序列的实验组（CaSki-shRNA 组）。运用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）及蛋白印迹法（Western blot）对各组细胞hnRNP A2/B1的mRNA及蛋白表达 水平进行验证,四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测各组细胞增殖能力,细胞克隆实验检测各组细胞克隆形成能力,流式细 胞术检测各组细胞凋亡情况,Western blot检测各组细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的表达变化。结果 与CaSki组、 CaSki-NC相比较,CaSki-shRNA组细胞hnRNP A2/B1的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显减低,细胞的增殖能力在48 h 降低,克隆形成能力下降,凋亡率增加,Bcl-2蛋白的表达减低,Bax表达升高（P＜0.01）,而CaSki组与CaSki-NC组之 间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 沉默hnRNP A2/B1基因后能抑制宫颈癌CaSki细胞的增殖能力,且可能通过 Bcl-2/Bax影响宫颈癌CaSki细胞的凋亡。     

A Novel Point Variant in NTRK3, R645C, Suggests a Role of this Gene in the Pathogenesis of Hirschsprung Disease

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses due to a defect in the migration process of neural crest neuroblasts. Manifestation of the disease has been linked to the dysfunction of two principal signalling pathways involved in the enteric nervous system (ENS) formation: the RET-GDNF and the EDN3-EDNRB receptor systems. However, the NTF3/NTRK3 signalling pathway plays an essential role in the development of the ENS suggesting a potential role for those genes in the pathogenesis of HSCR. We have sought to evaluate the candidature of the NTRK3 gene, which encodes the TrkC receptor, as a susceptibility gene for Hirschsprung disease. Using dHPLC technology we have screened the NTRK3 coding region in 143 Spanish HSCR patients. A total of four previously described polymorphisms and 12 novel sequence variants were detected. Of note, the novel R645C mutation was detected in 2 affected siblings of a HSCR family also carrying a RET splicing mutation. Using bioinformatics tools we observed that the presence of an additional cysteine residue might implicate structural alterations in the mutated protein. We propose haploinsufficiency as the most probable mechanism for the NTRK3 R645C mutation. NTRK3 and RET mutations in this family only appear together in the HSCR patients, suggesting that they per se are necessary but not sufficient to produce the phenotype. In addition, it is quite probable that the contribution of other still unidentified modifier genes, may be responsible for the different phenotypes (length of aganglionosis) in the two affected members.     

子宫内膜样腺癌组织中bax的表达及与病理特征的关系

目的：探讨子宫内膜样腺癌组织中bax的表达及与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法：采用免疫组化法检测不同类型子宫内膜组织中bax的表达。结果：从单纯性增生、复杂性增生到不典型增生，bax的表达逐渐增多。不典型增生与前二者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。在内膜样腺癌中，随着分化程度的降低bax的表达逐渐降低；随着浸润深度的增加，bax的表达逐渐增加，各组间比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论：bax参与了癌前病变的发生，bax与子宫内膜样腺癌癌细胞的分化程度、肌层浸润深度有关。     

非小细胞肺癌中AKT活化及与抗凋亡蛋白Survivin、Bcl-2表达的关系

目的：探讨AKT的功能活化状态P-AKT及抗凋亡蛋白Survivin、Bcl-2在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达及相关性。方法I应用免疫组化的方法，检测80例NSCLC组织及35例非肿瘤性肺组织标本中p-AKT、Survivin、Bcl-2的表达，并与临床病理因素进行相关性分析。结果：p-AKT、Survivin、Bcl-2在NSCLC中高表达，阳性率分别为78．8％、61．3％、50．0％，显著高于在非肿瘤性肺组织中阳性表达0、0、11．4％（P〈0．05）。p-AKT、Bcl-2在不同年龄、性别、TNM分期、组织分化组以及有无淋巴结转移组均高表达，组间对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Survivin表达与TNM分期、组织的分化程度有关（P〈0．05）。P-AKT阳性表达与Survivin、Bcl-2呈正相关；Survivin与Bcl-2二者也呈正相关。结论：在NSCLC中存在AKT的活化，Survivin、Bcl-2的高表达可能与AKT的活化有关。在NSCLC中可能存在p-AKT对Survivin、Bcl-2的正向调控。     

Evidence for ras gene mutation in 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline–induced colonic aberrant crypts in the rat

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are putative peneoplastic lesions that develop after treatment of animals with colon carcinogens, including cooked-meat heterocyclic amines such as 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ). Male F344 rats given IQ by gavage on alternating days for 2 wk (130 mg/kg body weight) and killed 12 wk after the final carcinogen dose had an average of 4.4 ACF/colon and an average of 3.2 crypts/focus. The DNA from these ACF was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by 3′-primer mismatch and direct sequencing methods for mutations in the Ki-ras proto-oncogene. Of the 37 IQ-induced ACF screened, three contained a GGT→GAT mutation in codon 12 and one contained a GGC→GCC mutation in codon 13. The approximately 11% frequency of mutation in IQ-induced ACF is within the range of previous ACF studies of azoxymethane, which reported a 7–37% incidence of Ki-ras mutaion. These findings suggest that for both compounds, ras mutations occur during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. However, while ras mutations can be detected with increasing frequency in azoxymethane-induced adenomas and carcinomas, they are reportedly absent in IQ-induced colon tumors. Thus, for IQ and related compounds additional factors (possibly increased cell proliferation) may be important in the later stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss Inc.     

消化道间质瘤的临床病理分析及免疫组织化学观察

目的　探讨消化道间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理、免疫组织化学特点与肿瘤恶性程度及治疗预后的关系。　方法　用免疫组织化学(SP法)检测33例原发性GIST患者的间质瘤细胞c kit蛋白(CD117)、CD3 4 、波形蛋白、结蛋白、S 10 0、Syn、NSE、αSMA、ACT、FN、GFAP表达。　结果　33例GIST中,良性者8例,交界性7例,恶性共18例。位于小肠者均为交界性及恶性,其恶性度与其它部位的肿瘤相比差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 )。所有病例CD117、波形蛋白均阳性,2例CD3 4 阳性;而结蛋白、FN、GFAP均阴性。2 2例a SMA、ACT阳性,16例S 10 0阳性,其中3例Syn、NSE阳性。交界性及恶性肿瘤出血坏死明显与良性者有差异显著性(P <0 .0 1)。随访19例,良性及交界者治疗效果较好,恶性者则差。　结论　GIST好发于中老年人。几乎所有GIST均表达CD117及波形蛋白,大部分表达CD3 4 。肿瘤的恶性程度及预后与其发生部位、大小、出血坏死、细胞异形性及核分裂活性密切相关。     

Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达与大鼠脑胶质瘤恶性程度的关系研究

目的:探讨大鼠脑胶质瘤中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达与其恶性程度的关系。方法:经病理和免疫组织化学染色证实的不同恶性程度的大鼠脑胶质瘤20例,用免疫组织化学法和原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法分别检测10例正常大鼠脑组织和20例不同恶性程度的大鼠脑胶质瘤中Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率。结果:正常大鼠脑组织中未见Bcl-2和Bax蛋白阳性表达,且凋亡细胞百分率仅为(0.5±0.1)％;不同恶性程度的大鼠脑胶质瘤间Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率的差异有显著性(P<0.05),且随着恶性程度的增高,Bcl-2蛋白表达阳性率有降低的趋势,而Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率均有升高的趋势。相关分析显示,大鼠脑胶质瘤的恶性程度与Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率呈正相关(r=0.891,P<0.05),而与Bcl-2蛋白表达阳性率呈负相关(r=-0.889,P<0.05)。结论:Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率可能与大鼠脑胶质瘤的恶性程度有关。     

c-myc蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及其与HPV16/18 E6 蛋白表达的关系

目的检测 c-myc 蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中的表达,并探讨 c-myc 蛋白表达与 HPV16/18 E6 蛋白表达之间的关系.方法采用免疫组化 SP 法对 21 例慢性宫颈炎、40 例宫颈上皮内瘤(CIN)和 71 例浸润性宫颈鳞癌进行 c-myc 蛋白和 HPV16/18 E6 蛋白检测.结果慢性宫颈炎、CINⅠ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级 c-myc 蛋白阳性率均很高,而浸润性宫颈鳞癌 c-myc 蛋白阳性率下降(P＜0.05);HPV16/18 E6 阳性组和 HPV16/18 E6 阴性组之间 c-myc 蛋白阳性率差异无显著性.结论浸润性宫颈鳞癌 c-myc 蛋白表达明显下降,c-myc 蛋白表达与 HPV16/18 E6 蛋白表达之间无相关性.     

尾吊大鼠肺组织原癌基因C-fos的表达及川芎嗪对其影响

目的:研究模拟失重大鼠肺组织内原癌基因C-fos的表达变化及川芎嗪对其影响.方法:尾部-30(悬吊(TS)大鼠模拟失重生理效应.健康30只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(CON)、尾吊7 d组(TS7研d)和尾吊 川芎嗪7 d组(Treated).采用免疫组织化学法和原位杂交法观察大鼠肺组织内C-fos表达水平的变化.结果:尾吊7 d组肺组织、肺腺泡血管和微血管内血管内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞的细胞内原癌基因C-fos蛋白及其mRNA明显高于对照组(P<0.01),经川芎嗪干预(treated组)大鼠肺组织蛋白的平均光密度值和阳性面积百分比与尾吊7 d组比较均降低(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论:尾吊模拟失重引起大鼠肺组织C-fos蛋白及其mRNA表达水平增加,川芎嗪可下调肺组织C-fos蛋白及其mRNA表达水平.     

Immunophenotypic and genetic characterization of a CD8 positive mantle cell lymphoma in a patient with concomitant Mycosis fungoides

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is immunophenotypically characterized by cell surface co-expression of CD19, CD20, CD5, IgM and FMC7. However, the concomitant presence of other antigens distinctive of a particular leukocyte subset, e.g. T-lymphocytes, is an exceptional finding in MCL. Here, the first case of a blastic MCL in leukaemic phase with aberrant expression of the T-cell associated antigen CD8 occurring in a patient with concomitant Mycosis fungoides is described. Comprehensive immunophenotypic analysis showed that the MCL cells expressed the typical B-lymphocytic markers, were CD5 and CD8 positive, but did not express other T-cell proteins, such as CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, TCRalphabeta and TCRgammadelta. The MCL cells expressed both CD8alpha and CD8beta chains indicating cell surface presence of CD8alphabeta heterodimers. Intriguingly, expression of the cytotoxic enzymes perforin and granzyme A was detected by RT-PCR. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of the lymphoma cells confirmed cyclin D1 overexpression secondary to the t(11;14)(q13;32) chromosomal translocation. Furthermore, trisomy 11, trisomy 14 and extra copies of t(11;14) translocated chromosomes were detected in sub clones of the analyzed MCL cells. Clinically, an aggressive course of disease including cerebral lymphoma involvement was noted in the reported patient. Hence, systematic studies addressing the incidence, biology and clinical behavior of this form of MCL seem to be justified in future.