足月新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的CT临床应用与预后评估

目的:提高对足月新生儿窒息缺氧缺血性脑病(简称HIE)头颅CT的临床应用。方法:时80例有明确围产期窒息史和临床症状的患儿进行头颅CT扫描,其中72例进行复查扫描。作治疗前后CT对照并分析预后。结果:80例均有按CT诊断分度标准的轻(33例、占41.2％)、中(28例、占35.0％)、重度(19例、占23.8％)。CT表现,CT诊断阳性率为100％。结论:头颅CT检查能早期、直观、清楚地对足月新生儿窒息反映出脑缺氧缺血性损害及程度和变化。对指导治疗。评估预后有重要意义。     

Development of mucosal immune function in man: potential for Gl disease states

The human mucosal immune system is structurally mature and has all the necessary cellular components to generate an immune response at birth. However, in the absence of dietary antigens and bacterial flora, there are no secondary follicles in the Peyer's patches and virtually no immunoglobulin A plasma cells in the lamina propria. Reactive follicle centers develop after birth but it takes 2 years for mucosal IgA plasma cell density to reach adult levels. T cells are present in the epithelium and lamina propria at birth, albeit at a lower frequency than later in life and there are major differences in phenotype between T cells in fetal intestine and postnatal intestine. There is no information on the impact of the massive antigenic challenge at birth on the mucosal immune system. Well-documented deficiencies in the ability of the blood T cells of the neonate to produce interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma may also occur in the intestine. It is still an open question whether it is better to try to prevent immunological sensitization of the newborn by avoiding potential allergens (i.e. cow's milk), or whether early exposure (as happens when premature infants are given formula feeds) might tolerize the infant. Hydrolysed cow's milk formulae are probably less antigenic than whole cow's milk and have been widely used in the treatment of cow's milk allergy. Some thought is now being given as to whether the prophylactic use of hydrolysates can reduce cow's milk allergy in ‘at-risk’ infants.     

围产期不同阶段的缺氧与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的关系173例分析

对1989年1月至1993年12月本院分娩的173例新生儿缺血脑病(HIE)及颅内出血(ICH)进行分析,并对其中156例进行头颅CT检查。HIE的发生率为活产儿的2.13％,病死率为7.51％,是同期活产儿围产期死亡率的14.44倍。按围产期不同阶段的缺氧将173例HIE患儿分为四组,探讨其与临床分度、预后的关系以及临床分度与CT分度关系。分析CT诊断HIE及ICH的价值,并对HIE及ICH的早期诊断和预防进行讨论。     

新生儿医院感染原因探讨及干预对策

目的：分析新生儿医院感染相关危险因素及干预对策.方法：通过对榆林市第一医院2006年5月至2010年5月收治的1428例住院新生儿医院感染发生情况.结果：新生儿患者医院感染率从2006年5月至2008年5月的3.20%,下降到2008年5月至2010年5月的1.99%.结论：对新生儿室医疗护理工作中各种医院感染相关危险因素采取相应的干预对策后,新生儿患者的医院感染率明显降低,提高了医疗护理质量.     

中西医结合治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症初探

目的 评估复方丹参注射液联合熊去氧胆酸治疗妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的临床疗效及对新生儿预后的影响。     

Corticosterone release in response to repeated, short episodes of neonatal isolation : evidence of sensitization

Repeated isolation of neonatal rats produces persistent changes in physiology and behavior. In Experiment 1, we examined changes in plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels as a possible mechanism for the effects of isolation. Pups that were isolated from their mother and the nest for 1 h per day on postnatal days (PND) 2–9 were compared to control litters of pups that were either nonhandled or handled but not isolated. On PND 2, compared to nonhandled pups, handled pups had elevated CORT levels that returned to baseline levels within 30 to 60 min of return to the home cage. No significant elevation of CORT levels were found in handled pups on PND 9. The CORT levels of isolated pups were over twice those of nonhandled pups on PND 2 and four times those of nonhandled pups on PND 9. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether the increased CORT release in response to isolation on PND 9 was the result of the pups treatment on the previous six days as against an effect of maturation. Plasma CORT levels were measured in rat pups that were either isolated, handled or nonhandled on PNDs 2–8 during the conditions of isolation, handling and nonhandling on PND 9. There were no differences among the groups in basal plasma levels of CORT. Handling on PND 9 did not result in elevated CORT levels in any of the groups. All three groups showed a significant increase in plasma CORT levels after isolation on PND 9. However, the CORT response to isolation of pups previously isolated on PND 2–8 were significantly higher than pups that were either handled or nonhandled on PNDs 2–8. Thus, daily episodes of isolation potentiate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress.     

南阳市1999～2001年新生儿破伤风疫情监测

目的 对南阳市3年的新生儿破伤风疫情监测结果进行分析，掌握该市新生儿破伤风发病概况，有针对地制订防治对策。方法 对3年的监测资料进行分析评价。结果 1999—2001年3年的发病率分别为0．09‰、0．07‰、0．04‰，发病县3年的年发病率均小于1‰。结论 开展各种形式的宣传活动，提倡住院分娩，推广消毒接生，对育龄妇女进行破伤风类毒素接种，从而有效降低其发病率。     

新生儿重组酵母乙肝疫苗接种免疫的研究

目的：探讨重组酵母乙肝疫苗新生儿接种后抗体应答持续时间，强化复种的必要性。方法：常规对新生儿0d(出生后当天)、1月、6月接种重组酵母乙肝疫苗后检测抗体应答情况，再随机分两组，一组为强化组，一组为常规组，并随访其5年的抗体应答情况。结果：新生儿常规接种法，于12个月后有一明显抗体应答下降期(0d、1月、6月、12月)，强化组乙肝表面抗体形成率高，持续时间均高于常规接种法。结论：新生儿乙肝疫苗0d、1月、6月、12月接种法有较好的远期保护效果，对现有的0d、1月、6月新生儿乙肝疫苗常规接种法，有强化接种的必要。     

新生大鼠卵巢异体异位移植的实验研究

目的 :探讨新生大鼠卵巢异体异位移植后的生长发育及功能。方法 :将新生大鼠的卵巢移植入去势成年雌性大鼠的肾被膜下 ,移植 5 0d后取材进行组织学及组织化学研究 ,观察移植效果 ;同时测定血清雌激素水平。结果 :受体在移植后第 16 6 0± 7 4 1d出现动情周期 ,移植物内可见不同阶段的发育卵泡和间质腺 ;3- β -羟甾脱氢酶组织化学染色显示它们呈不同程度的阳性反应 ;血清E2 水平与正常成年大鼠间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :新生大鼠卵巢异体异位移植后能继续生长发育并具有内分泌功能。     

妊娠期低水平铅暴露对新生儿钙磷代谢及造血系统的影响

目的 :研究妊娠期低水平铅暴露对新生儿钙磷代谢及造血系统的影响。 方法 :分别测定 79例汉族及5 9例维吾尔族 (维族 )母亲及新生儿脐血铅、钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、血红蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉的含量 ,分析脐血铅对新生儿钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶及血红蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉的影响。 结果 :(1)汉族产妇血铅 6 3 87μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 4 7.71μg/L ,维族产妇血铅 87 92 μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 6 1.5 7μg/L ,维族产妇及新生儿脐血铅均高于汉族产妇及新生儿脐血铅含量 (P <0 .0 5 ～ 0 .0 1) 。 (2 )以脐血铅 10 0 μg/L为界将新生儿分为高铅组和低铅组 ,两组血钙相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,而两组血红蛋白及红细胞游离原卟啉相比差异均无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 结论 :妊娠期低水平铅暴露可致新生儿血钙下降 ,但对新生儿血红蛋白及红细胞游离原卟啉则无影响