肺动脉栓塞多排螺旋CTA血管成像

目的探讨肺动脉栓塞多排螺旋CTA血管成像扫描延迟时间的最佳值，最佳肺动脉血管成像。方法收集了45例肺动脉栓塞多排螺旋CTA血管成像，造影剂用量按1．5ml／kg，注射速率3ml／sec。扫描延迟时间用Bolus Tracking第一组20例；test Bolus为二组15例；常规计算时间为一组10例。准直器宽度2．5mm，层厚3mm。数据重建用最大密度投影（MIP）和容积显示（VR3D）等常规方法。一、二、三组图像分别由两位高年资医师阅片。结果第一组20例中19例和第二组15例图像肺动脉均清晰显示。第三组10例中4例图像模糊，第三组与第一、二组图像质量有显著差异。结论肺动脉栓塞CTA血管造影中扫描延迟时间用Test Bolus和Bolus Tracking较优，常规计算时间延迟图像质量较差。     

Neuronal loss and neurofibrillary degeneration in the hippocampal cortex in late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease

To explore more fully the relationship between neuronal death and neurofibrillary degeneration, unaffected neurons, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (i-NFT) and extracellular NFT (e-NFT) in 22 patients with late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) were morphometrically evaluated in eight subdivisions of the hippocampal cortex, using the Gallyas hematoxylin-eosin stain. The subdivisions examined included CA4, CA3, CA2, CA1 (CA: cornu ammonis), prosubiculum (PRO), subiculum and presubiculum (PRE), parasubiculum (PARA) and the entorhinal cortex (ENT). The unaffected neuron density was significantly lower and both i-NFT and e-NFT densities were significantly higher in subdivisions other than CA4 and CA3 in AD patients compared with those in the aged controls. Unaffected neuron density was significantly, inversely correlated with e-NFT density and with total NFT density in all subdivisions except for PRE in AD patients. Especially in CA2, CA1, PRO and ENT, there were strong correlations between the neuron density and these NFT densities. Both unaffected neuron and e-NFT densities in CA1 and ENT were significantly correlated with the disease duration. The i/e-NFT ratio, an index of the degree and/or rate of progress of neuronal death via neurofibrillary degeneration, showed the lowest value in ENT in AD patients. The findings suggest that neuronal death via neurofibrillary degeneration starts earliest and/or most rapidly progresses in ENT. Furthermore, the i/e-NFT ratios in both ENT and CA1 were significantly correlated with the disease duration, suggesting that the neuronal death pattern in the two subdivisions parallels disease progression.     

促红细胞生成素对脑缺氧的保护作用

 目的在细胞水平探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)对缺氧诱发的神经元损伤的改善作用及缺糖缺氧诱发的脑片损伤的改善作用。方法　采用原代新生大鼠皮层培养和小鼠脑片的方法,分别以形态学和二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)及2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(TTC)染色为指标观察神经元及脑片的损伤和药物的改善作用。结果EPO在10^-11,10^-12mol·L^-1能显著改善缺氧24 h引起的培养神经元死亡,其在10^-9mol·L^-1能改善缺氧45min或缺糖缺氧15min引起的脑片梗死。结论EPO对缺氧诱发的神经元死亡和缺糖缺氧诱发的脑片梗死具有保护作用。     

新型胆碱酯酶抑制剂对AD大鼠空间记忆及海马结构胆碱能纤维的影响

目的探讨新型胆碱酯酶抑制剂(NAI)及水迷宫训练对AD大鼠海马结构胆碱能纤维的影响。方法用36只Wistar♂大鼠制作AD动物模型,随机分成3组:NAI组、石杉碱甲组(Hup组)、单纯损伤组(SO组)。水迷宫训练后,采用组织化学方法测定海马结构胆碱能纤维密度。结果①定位航行实验中,NAI组逃避潜伏期较SO组显著缩短(P<0.01)。②空间探索实验中,NAI组跨越各象限平台相应位置次数占总次数百分率较SO组明显增高(P<0.01)。③组化结果显示:NAI组海马结构胆碱能纤维密度较SO组明显增加(P<0.05)。尽管NAI组胆碱能纤维密度高于Hup组,但无统计学意义。结论经NAI治疗及水迷宫行为训练后的AD大鼠,海马结构内胆碱能纤维密度明显增加,提示NAI及水迷宫训练联合作用可促进AD大鼠海马结构胆碱能纤维重建。     

Hippocampal BOLD response during category learning predicts subsequent performance on transfer generalization

To test a prediction of our previous computational model of cortico‐hippocampal interaction (Gluck and Myers [1993, 2001]) for characterizing individual differences in category learning, we studied young healthy subjects using an fMRI‐adapted category‐learning task that has two phases, an initial phase in which associations are learned through trial‐and‐error feedback followed by a generalization phase in which previously learned rules can be applied to novel associations (Myers et al. [2003]). As expected by our model, we found a negative correlation between learning‐related hippocampal responses and accuracy during transfer, demonstrating that hippocampal adaptation during learning is associated with better behavioral scores during transfer generalization. In addition, we found an inverse relationship between Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) activity in the striatum and that in the hippocampal formation and the orbitofrontal cortex during the initial learning phase. Conversely, activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and parietal lobes dominated over that of the hippocampal formation during the generalization phase. These findings provide evidence in support of theories of the neural substrates of category learning which argue that the hippocampal region plays a critical role during learning for appropriately encoding and representing newly learned information so that that this learning can be successfully applied and generalized to subsequent novel task demands. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3122–3131, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .     

成年大鼠延髓薄片制备的改良方法

目的:建立一种适用于膜片钳记录研究的成年大鼠延髓薄片制备方法。方法:用改制的注射器将延髓和上颈髓段从离断的椎管中直接吹出;采用水平切的方式制备延髓薄片;记录三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核(Vc)神经元的自发放电和诱发放电活动。结果:分离得到的延髓和上颈髓标本光滑完整;水平切的延髓薄片较好地保持了Vc的形态学结构和神经元活性,可较好地记录到Vc神经元自发的兴奋性突触后电流和诱发的双脉冲抑制活动。结论:本方法操作简单,取材快速,延髓薄片外形完整且能保持神经元活性,适用于成年大鼠Vc的膜片钳研究。     

16排螺旋CT扫描技术在脊柱外伤诊断中的应用

目的:探究分析在脊柱外伤诊断中运用16排螺旋CT扫描技术的诊断效果。方法:选取我院2018年8月-2019年8月期间收治的50例脊柱外伤患者为本次研究资料来源,对所有患者安排进行16排螺旋CT扫描检查,通过多平面重建和表面遮盖等方式成像,对所有患者的伤情进行观察记录。结果:经过扫查,发现在50例患者中,单纯屈曲压缩型外伤的患者有28例(56%),爆裂性外伤的患者有9例(18%),骨折脱位伤的患者有11例(22%);其中,有2例患者漏诊误诊,诊断准确率为48例(96%),漏诊误诊率为2例(4%)。结论:在脊柱外伤患者诊断中运用16排螺旋CT扫描技术进行诊断扫查,有助于快速查清患者受伤原因,能够取得较高的诊断准确率,漏诊误诊率较低,对制定科学有效的治疗方案具有重要意义,是一种具有较高应用价值的值得大力推广应用于临床的伤情诊断方式。     

Melatonin alters neuronal architecture and increases cysteine-rich protein 1 signaling in the male mouse hippocampus

Neuronal plasticity describes changes in structure, function, and connections of neurons. The hippocampus, in particular, has been shown to exhibit considerable plasticity regarding both physiological and morphological functions. Melatonin, a hormone released by the pineal gland, promotes cell survival and dendrite maturation of neurons in the newborn brain and protects against neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin on neuronal architecture and its possible mechanism in the hippocampus of adult male C57BL/6 mice. Melatonin treatment significantly increased the total length and complexity of dendrites in the apical and basal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and in the dentate gyrus in mouse hippocampi. Spine density in CA1 apical dendrites was increased, but no significant differences in other subregions were observed. In primary cultured hippocampal neurons, the length and arborization of neurites were significantly augmented by melatonin treatment. Additionally, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses in both in vivo and in vitro systems revealed significant increases in the level of cysteine-rich protein 1 (crp-1) protein, which is known to be involved in dendritic branching in mouse hippocampal neurons after melatonin treatment. Our results suggest that exogenous melatonin leads to significant alterations of neuronal micromorphometry in the adult hippocampus, possibly via crp-1 signaling.     

64层螺旋CT联合心肌酶检查应用于急性心源性胸痛诊断的临床价值分析

目的研究分析64层螺旋CT联合心肌酶检查应用于急性心源性胸痛诊断的临床价值。方法随机选取2008年2月~2011年3月我院收治的45例急性心源性胸痛患者作为治疗组,抽取同期来我院体检中心进行检查的45例健康者作为对照组,对照组单纯给予MSCTA(64层螺旋CT血管成像)进行检查。治疗组在此基础上联合血清心肌酶检查,观察两组患者的诊断情况。结果治疗组患者经MSCTA联合心肌酶检查诊断急性心源性胸痛特异性为100%,敏感性为95.56%,显著高于对照组93.33%、86.67%,组间差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05);经MSCTA分辨钙化粥样斑块CT值为(341.65±308.42)HU,非钙化粥样斑块CT值为(59.88±67.93)HU,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 64层螺旋CT联合心肌酶检查应用于诊断急性心源性胸痛效果良好,准确率较高,同时对判断冠状动脉斑块与狭窄性质具有积极的意义。