Transhemation of bovine and human hemoglobin polymers in a simulated circulatory system

All-Union Hematology Research Center, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. I. Vorob'ev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 11, pp. 500–501, November, 1991.     

MR imaging evaluation of knee collateral ligaments and related injuries: Comparison of T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and fat-saturated T2-weighted sequences—correlation with clinical findings

The objectives of this study were to compare the ability of T1-weighted (T1W), proton density/T2-weighted (PD/T2W), and fat saturation (FS) PD/T2W magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for depiction of the knee collateral ligaments and related injuries, and to compare MR findings with clinical findings. Ten subjects with normal knee ligaments and 64 patients with suspected collateral ligament injuries underwent coronal T1W, PD/T2W, and FS PD/T2W imaging. Abnormalities ranged from edema surrounding the collateral ligaments (grade I) to complete disruption of ligamentous fibers (grade III). FS PD/T2W images improved definition of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) compared with other sequences in 78% and 81% of patients, respectively. While the apparent grade of collateral ligament injury was similar with all pulse sequences in most patients, depiction of such injury was usually most conspicuous on FS PD/T2W images (MCL, 92% of patients; LCL, 38% of patients). In no patients were clinically diagnosed collateral ligament injuries undetected or understaged with MR imaging. MR findings indicated higher-grade MCL and LCL injuries than did clinical examination in 24 and 15 patients, respectively.     

膳食结构的变化对脂肪肝患者疗效观察

目的 通过营养干预改变脂肪肝患的膳食结构和生活方式，并观察其疗效。方法 营养干预措施采用询问法登记摄入食物的种类和数量，制订膳食原则及编制食谱。健康教育进行营养知识讲座及咨询活动。结果 通过营养干预脂肪肝患改变了原有的膳食结构及饮食习惯，能量摄入和消耗处于动态平衡；增加粗粮、蔬菜和鱼禽类等食品的摄入量，动物性脂肪摄入减少；53．1％脂肪肝患有好转，46．2％超重或肥胖的人体重恢复到标准体重范围内。结论 普及营养知识，养成良好的饮食和生活习惯，防止食源性疾病的发生。     

用PowerPoint XP设计幻灯片元素动画效果的实践

PowerPoint XP新特性中突出的就是其动画设计功能的加强。文中对新增加的与动画没计相关的功能使用要点结合实际作了较详细的叙述。     

Cancellous Bone Structure in the Growing and Aging Lumbar Spine in a Historic Nubian Population

There is abundant data on cancellous bone in the aging human spine, but little relating to the growing vertebral cancellous bone in childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to map vertebral cancellous bone in a growth and age series of historic skeletal samples and to make comparisons with data published on recent material. Lumbar vertebral bodies were collected from 65 skeletons (0–60 years) from a medieval Nubian population. Ethnohistoric information was collected to interpret conditions that might have influenced bone structure and metabolism. The cancellous bone was studied three dimensionally, using stereophotography and scanning electron microscopy and morphometrically by performing a semiautomatic structural analysis on digitized backscattered electron images of polymethacrylate-embedded material. The cancellous bone structure in the children consisted mainly of a densely packed, uniform network of small rodlike trabeculae. The greatest bone volume fraction with small, more platelike trabeculae was observed during adolescence. In young adults, larger platelike trabeculae were present in the central zone and smaller trabeculae in the superior and inferior zones, as described for modern skeletal material. Structural changes associated with aging were observed much sooner than in modern man. By the estimated age of approximately 50–60 years, the predominant architectural elements were slender rarified rods in both sexes. The ethnohistorical data suggest that this was essentially a black African population of physically active peasants, not likely to suffer Vitamin D insufficiency or deficient calcium intake. Thus an earlier onset of the biological age changes in cancellous bone found in modern populations was probably prevalent. Received: 1 March 1996 / Accepted: 31 December 1996     

2-chloroprocaine antagonism of epidural morphine analgesia

Background: 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) used for lumbar epidural anesthesia (LEA) reportedly decreases the efficacy of epidural morphine (EM) administered for post-cesarean section (CS) analgesia. The amount of supplemental i.v. morphine self-administered by the patient via the patient-controlled analgesia device (PCA) is used to study the interaction between EM and 2-CP.
Methods: Forty-two patients scheduled for elective CS were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, and received 2-CP, 2-CP+epinephrine (Epi, 5 μg ml^-1) or 2% lidocaine (Lido) with Epi for LEA. All patients received 5 mg EM and i.v. PCA morphine for postoperative pain. Cumulative amount of i.v. morphine used in the first 24 hours as well as the amount of the drug used during each 2-h period were noted. Nonparametric analysis of variance and Chi-squared analysis were used for statistical comparisons.
Results: The mean cumulative 24-h i.v. PCA morphine requirement in the 2-CP, 2-CP+Epi and Lido+Epi groups respectively was 20.5±24, 33.1.5±27 and 4.07±6.3 (mean±SD). The Lido+Epi group used significantly less morphine ( P = 0.01) compared to either of the 2-CP groups with no significant difference between the 2-CP groups. The maximum i.v. PCA morphine use occurred in the first 4 hours following surgery in all three groups.
Conclusion: Analgesic efficacy of EM is decreased when 2-CP is used for LEA compared to when Lido+Epi is used.     

应用羧化胶乳凝集试验诊断人、畜布鲁氏菌病的研究

应用以化学交联法制备的布鲁氏菌１６Ｍ抗原－羧化胶乳制剂的羧化胶乳凝集试验（ＬＡＴ）、试管凝集试验（ＳＡＴ）、虎红平板凝集试验（ＲＢＰＴ）以及酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、半胱氨酸凝集试验（ＣＹＴ），对在四省布鲁氏菌病疫区收集的部分人、畜血清中布氏菌抗体进行对比检测。结果表明，ＬＡＴ较之ＲＢＰＴ具有更高的特异性；与ＳＡＴ相比，无论阳性或阴性符合率均较一致。另外，ＬＡＴ可检测血清中ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ两类布氏菌特异性抗体。因而本试验对人、畜布病的诊断具有特异、敏感和简便的优点，更宜在基层推广应用。     

黄芪注射液对严重创伤患者的免疫调节

目的　探讨黄芪注射液对严重创伤患者的免疫调节作用。方法　选择 5 0例严重创伤患者 (ISS ,创伤严重度评分≥16 ) ,检测应用黄芪注射液 ( 4 0ml)前后T淋巴细胞亚群血清IL 2及可溶性白介素 2受体 (SIL 2R)。结果　严重创伤患者伤后IL 2、CD4 +和CD4 +/CD8+减低 ,而SIL 2R和CD8+升高 ,黄芪治疗组在伤后 14d血中IL 2、T淋巴细胞CD4 +亚群、CD4 +/CD8+降低及SIL 2R、CD8+升高程度均低于治疗前 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　严重创伤患者伤后细胞免疫功能明显抑制 ,应用黄芪注射液可以增加机体免疫功能     

手部创伤性骨关节缺损的处理

治疗手部骨关节缺损常采用植骨内固定、关节融合、关节成形及关节置换等方法．为总结经验，对１９８９年以来１０１例手部创伤性骨与关节缺损进行分析。单纯掌、指骨缺损３９例，行直接短缩对位，克氏针内固定６例，１例发主骨不连；对３３例缺损较大者用自体骨块植入克氏针交叉内固定，部分病例同时植人ＲＢＸ或异体骨粒，１０例发生延迟愈合，余全部正常愈合。骨与关节部分或完全缺损６２例，采用关节成形术４６例，其中以肋软骨移植效果最好，骨膜移植次之，筋膜衬垫或硅胶膜植入法较差；行关节融合术１１例．均达顺利融合；采用自体关节置换５例，均成活，术后关节活动度均＞７０°。我们认为：自体骨块植入克氏针交叉内固定，必要时植入ＲＢＸ骨粒．是治疗手部创伤性骨缺损的有效方法。关节缺损应按关节的重要性，分别采用关节融合术、关节成形术或关节置换术。