湖北钟祥市先天畸形及遗传性疾病整群抽样调查分析

湖北省钟祥市先天畸形及遗传病整群抽样调查８７９４０人，查出遗传性疾病６６种，总患病率为２２．１４‰，男患病率为２３．６２‰，女患病率为２０．６１‰。性别患病率及疾病谱差别有显著意义。     

Cerebral primitive neuro-ectodermal tumour following treatment of a unilateral retinoblastoma

Summary Cerebral primitive neuro-ectodermal tumour (PNET) occurring as a second primary malignancy in childhood is exceedingly rare. We present a 7-year-old boy who developed a proven supratentorial PNET five years after enucleation and radio-/chemotherapy for a sporadic, unilateral retinoblastoma with optic nerve invasion. The association with this malignant eye disease as well as the effect of irradiation and multi-agent chemotherapy on second tumour induction are evaluated.     

Determination of proliferating fractions in malignant melanomas by anti-PCNA/cyclin monoclonal antibody

An immunohistochemical study of melanocytic tumours using 19A2, a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/cyclin), was performed on tissues routinely processed with formalin fixation and paraffin embedding. In normal skin, keratinocytes of the suprabasal region in epidermis, the papillae and outer root sheath of hair follicles and the basal cells lining the lobules of sebaceous glands were stained in the nucleus. Other skin components, including basal and follicular melanocytes, did not demonstrate nuclear labelling. In addition, expression of PCNA/cyclin in keratinocytes was higher in sun-exposed skin compared with unexposed skin. In melanocytic lesions, PCNA/cyclin positive tumour cells increased in number and staining intensity according to the following progression: common melanocytic naevi; dysplastic naevi; primary melanomas; and metastatic melanomas. Expression of PCNA/cyclin, therefore, provides a useful marker for proliferation and tumour progression in skin.     

Pharmacology of KB‐R7943: A Na+–Ca2+ exchange inhibitor

The Na⁺–Ca²⁺ exchange (NCX) system plays a pivotal role in regulating intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, kidney and a variety of other cells. It performs a particularly important function in regulating cardiac contractility and electrical activity. One of the leading NCX inhibitors is KB‐R9743 (KBR) that appears to exhibit selectivity for Ca²⁺‐influx‐mode NCX activity (reverse mode of NCX). In this article we reviewed pharmacology of KBR and provide a brief summary of studies with other NCX inhibitors, such as SEA0400 (SEA) and SN‐6 (SN). Potential clinical usefulness of KBR and other NCX inhibitors is still controversial but the reviewed findings may be helpful in designing more selective and clinically useful NCX inhibitors for the treatment of cardiac, neuronal and kidney diseases.     

美托洛尔治疗高血压病的疗效及其耐受性

原发性高血压患者425例(男252,女173;年龄60±s12a)采用美托洛尔100mg,po,每晨1次,4wk为一个疗程。总有效率82.4％,治疗2wk后血压继续下降,心率并不继续减慢。不良反应主要为心率减慢后的症状及神经系症状,停药率6.4％。60a以上的患者总有效率及停药率与中、青年患者无明显区别。故美托洛尔同样适用于老年人。     

骨盆骨折槽型固定器的研制及临床应用——附62例临床分析

为解决骨盆不稳定性骨折固定难，易产生并发症的难题，结合骨盆的特征进行研究，设计出一种新型骨盆骨折固定器，经62例骨盆不稳定性骨折的治疗观察，随访6个月～2年零6个月，治疗前后X线检查及临床疗效评定：治愈50例，好转12例，认为该固定器设计合理，操作简便，固定牢靠，有加压、撑开、纠正旋转等多项功能结合干一体，仅通过四枚4mm螺纹针，穿入髂骨的髂前上棘处，是一种治疗骨盆不稳定性骨折比较新颖和理想的外固定器。     

星状神经节后心下交感神经同步电活动的记录及预处理方法

目的:建立提取心下交感神经电活动的动物实验、记录及预处理方法. 方法:采用猫做为实验动物模型,信号通过生理数据采集系统记录,运用自回归模型谱分析法、有限冲击响应数字滤波器以及基于成组t检验的算法对原始信号进行预处理. 结果:获得具有明显同步特征的心下交感神经电活动信号,提取出4种可用于进一步分析的电活动特征参数. 结论:动物模型及记录系统能够实现心下交感神经电活动的准确记录,预处理方法从原始信号中提取出电活动特征参数.     

通调督脉化瘀排毒法治疗尿毒症晚期患者92例临床研究

目的观察应用通调督脉化瘀排毒法治疗尿毒症晚期的临床疗效。方法将92例尿毒症晚期患者随机分为两组,治疗组48例,除一般治疗外,加用海洋生命平衡超导治疗仪,将中药干粉剂作用于督脉、足太阳膀胱经的五脏六腑之俞穴,每日3次,每次1小时;对照组44例,给予一般治疗。结果治疗组总有效率及生化指标与对照组比较均有显著改善(P<0.05)。结论应用调督通脉化瘀排毒法,能提高尿毒症晚期患者的临床疗效。     

短期化疗对兔腹主动脉顺应性的影响

目的 比较短期化疗前后兔腹主动脉顺应性的变化，了解化疗药物对血管力学特性的影响。方法将15只新西兰兔随机等分为5组，其中4组接受1周期化疗（卡铂100mg／m^2，第1、3、5天；异环磷酰胺1500mg／m^2，第1、3、5天；足叶乙贰100mg／m^2，第l～3天），另1组为对照组。分别测量各组兔腹主动脉比顺应性（化疗组分为化疗后第2、7、14、21天进行观察）。结果短期化疗前后兔腹主动脉顺应性显著变化，化疗后第14天下降最明显，而第21天则基本恢复。结论短期化疗能够降低兔腹主动脉比顺应性，降低的程度与化疗后时间相关，并具有可逆行性。     

高碘摄入对SD大鼠钠/碘同向转运体蛋白表达影响的免疫组化研究

目的:动态观察长期高碘摄入对SD大鼠甲状腺细胞钠/碘同向转运体(NIS)蛋白表达的影响.方法:SD大鼠分别饲以去离子水及不同碘浓度的碘化钾水,给碘后1 d及1,2,4,8周处死.测定尿碘、组织碘含量,免疫组织化学方法观察甲状腺细胞NIS蛋白表达水平.结果:高碘摄入可引起甲状腺滤泡细胞膜表面NIS蛋白表达的下降.短期较低浓度的高碘摄入对NiS蛋白的表达无明显影响,而较高浓度的碘摄入则引起NIS蛋白表达的明显减少;长期高碘摄入对NIS蛋白表达的抑制作用,可在机体自我调节机制作用下得以部分恢复,但NIS蛋白表达仍处较低水平.结论:高碘摄入可导致甲状腺细胞表面NIS蛋白表达下降,随摄碘浓度的增加抑制作用增强;不同浓度的碘摄入对NIS蛋白表达的抑制作用表达时间不同.