Benefits of Implementing an Academic Training of Trainers Program to Promote Knowledge and Clarity in Work with Psychiatric Suicidal Patients

A 200-hour academic, postgraduate training-of-trainers program in suicide prevention at Karolinska Institute for key mental healthcare staff, designed to enable them to enhance their co-workers’ knowledge and job clarity, was evaluated in a panel study by means of questionnaires. Psychiatric staff working regularly with suicidal patients in clinics where key persons attended the course (n = 134, intervention group) were compared with staff working in clinics without participants (n = 166, control group). Perceptions of being sufficiently trained (p < .01) improved significantly among staff working in intervention clinics. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a better understanding of essentials (p < .05); found instructions clearer (p < .01) and experienced fewer problems with superiors’ differing views (p < .05) at follow up. Assistant nurses working in intervention clinics seem to have benefited most.     

颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化手术治疗白内障的临床观察

目的：对比自闭式巩膜隧道切口和颞侧透明角膜切口的超声乳化手术效果，初步探讨颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化手术的优点。方法：回顾分析自2000年5月至2002年1月进行的超声乳化手术治疗老年性白内障共624例，自闭式巩膜隧道切口超声乳化手术为A组，共238例，颞侧透明角膜切口的超声乳化手术为B组，共286例．结果：两组病例在术后视力，角膜散光变化及超声乳化晶体核时间均无明显统计学差异，但手术切口时间明显不同，A组切口时间12．56：1：2．34分钟，B组切口时间5．25：1：2．36分钟，两者差异有显著性（t=13．45，P〈0．001）。结论：颞侧透明角膜切口超声乳化手术治疗白内障，手术时间短，散光小，术后视力恢复好。     

改善中药口服液澄清度工艺研究进展

近年来,中药口服液获得了迅速的发展。在新药审批过程中口服液与澄清度项目检查密切相关,如何改善中药口服液澄清度,同时最大限度的保留有效成分,成为了中药口服液制备过程中的难点。该文通过对中药口服液澄清度及其影响因素的分析,以大量实例为佐证,对改善中药口服液澄清度的工艺进行了研究,为中药口服液快速发展提供了新的研究思路与方法。     

不同年龄组咽成形术后异常语音治疗的效果

目的通过对不同年龄组咽成形术后异常语音治疗效果的分析,为病理语音治疗年龄选择提供参考。方法选取271例咽成形术后进行异常语音治疗的患者（4~25岁）,按年龄分为4组: 幼儿（4~6岁）、儿童（7~12岁）、少年（13~17岁）和青年（18~25岁）。所有患者均按腭咽闭合功能、音素、音节、短句进行系统性语音训练。用清晰度测试表对治疗前后语音清晰度和过度鼻音进行检测,采用SPSS 16.0软件包对各年龄组治疗前、后的上述2个指标进行统计学分析。结果271例患者中,幼儿组62例、儿童组59例、少年组43例、青年组107例。各组治疗前、后语音清晰度分别为幼儿组（35.91%、98.22%）、儿童组（38.11%、98.63%）、少年组（45.59%、98.51%）和青年组（39.78%、98.21%）;每组治疗前、后语音清晰度均有显著差异,各组治疗后语音清晰度均无显著差异。各组治疗前、后过度鼻音改善,改善率分别为幼儿组70.97%,儿童组62.71%,少年组44.19%和青年组43.93%;各组治疗后过度鼻音改善均存在显著差异。结论咽成形术后异常语音治疗后语音清晰度与年龄大小无关;而过度鼻音改善程度与年龄大小有关,年龄越小,改善程度越高。     

Promoting Employees’ Affective Well-Being: Comparing the Impact of Career Success Criteria Clarity and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy

Based on social cognitive career theory, this study examined career success criteria clarity and career decision-making self-efficacy as mediators in the relationship between career exploration and affective well-being. Data were collected from 475 emerging adults in their early career stages in China. The results showed that both career success criteria clarity and career decision-making self-efficacy mediated the relationship between career exploration and affective well-being. Career decision-making self-efficacy exhibited a stronger mediating effect on this relationship than career success criteria clarity. These findings reveal some important mechanisms underlying the role of career exploration in generating affective well-being and contribute to the social cognitive career theory model. Implications both for researchers and practitioners are discussed.     

An analysis of the concept of pain

This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of pain. The strategic process of developing a conceptual analysis is a cognitive exercise of critical thinking applied to a very common, but complex and poorly understood, experience. Within the classic framework developed by Walker & Avant (1995), pain is analysed and critical attributes are distilled. A model case, a related case and a contrary case are constructed in the course of creating conceptual clarity. Empirical referents that exemplify the concept of pain are identified. The concept analysis provides a forum for dialectics, offering one defensible interpretation of a complex human occurrence. Nursing implications are discussed in the conclusion.     

提高灯盏花素注射液澄明度的工艺研究

目的 确定提高灯盏花素注射液澄明度的最佳工艺。方法 采用正交实验对灯盏花素注射液的制备工艺进行优选:用灯检率的高低来衡量灯盏花素注射液的澄明度。结果 最佳制备工艺是pH值调至7.5,-10.0℃冷藏,按1.0 ml/10000药液的量加入吐温-80。结论 采用最佳制备工艺来制备灯盏花素注射液。