过坛龙提取物对急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用研究

目的 探讨过坛龙提取物对四氯化碳 ( CCl4 )致小鼠急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法：腹腔注射四氯化碳诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,将50只小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,设置空白对照组、模型组、过坛龙提取物高、低剂量组、阳性对照组（联苯双酯混悬液）,空白对照组和模型对照组。测定小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶 ( ALT )、谷草转氨酶 ( AST )、肝组织中丙二醛 ( MDA )、一氧化氮(NO) 含量,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性,光镜观察肝脏病理学改变。结果：过坛龙提取物低、 高剂量组小鼠谷丙转氨酶 （ALT）、 谷草转氨酶 （AST） 、丙二醛 ( MDA )、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)等较模型组均有显著降低[ALT：（365.4±123.5）U/L、（275.1±21.9） U/L 比（443.2±227.3） U/L,P<0.05, P<0.01; AST：（232.4±54.1）U/L、（195.9±11.8）U/L 比（297.9±132.1）U/L,P<0.05,P<0.01;MDA：（0.416±0.024）nmol/ml、（0.415±0.052）nmol/ml比（0.426±0.042）nmol/ml P<0.05,P<0.01;NO：（0.148±0.010）μmol/g、（0.141±0.015）μmol/g比（0.148±0.017）μmol/g P<0.05, P<0.01;NOS：（0.154±0.013）U/mg、（0.122±0.012） U/mg比（0.187±0.013）U/mg P<0.05, P<0.01]。表明过坛龙提取物可明显降低CCl4所致肝损伤小鼠的血清ALT和AST活性,减少丙二醛（MDA）和NO的含量,降低NOS活性;病理学检查显示,过坛龙提取物各剂量组较模型组肝细胞肿胀、变性、坏死程度减轻,其中高剂量组改善更显著。结论：过坛龙提取物对急性肝损伤小鼠具有保护作用。     

大黄为主的中药组方治疗急性百草枯中毒肺损伤前后患者肺部CT的变化

目的：观察以大黄为主的中药组方治疗急性百草枯中毒（ APP）肺损伤前后患者肺部CT的变化。方法选择92例APP肺损伤患者,随机分为中药治疗组和常规治疗组,每组46例。所有患者均给予常规药物综合治疗及行血液灌流,中药治疗组在此基础上,待患者停止排绿色便后,口服百草枯中毒解毒方。根据服毒时间分为中毒急性期（1～7 d）、亚急性期（8～14 d）和慢性期（＞14 d）,观察两组患者各期肺部CT变化。结果各时期两组的肺部CT特征比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。在急性期,中药治疗组肺部CT表现以肺纹理增强为主,其比例高于常规治疗组,常规治疗组以磨玻璃样改变为主,其比例高于中药治疗组;在亚急性期,中药治疗组肺部CT表现以磨玻璃样改变为主,其比例高于常规治疗组,而常规治疗组大多数患者已出现肺实质病变及肺间质病变,肺实质病变及肺间质病变的比例均高于中药治疗组;在慢性期,中药治疗组出现肺实质病变的比例高于常规治疗组,但肺间质病变的比例均低于常规治疗组。中药治疗组存活率为67．38％,高于常规治疗组的39．13％（P＜0．05）。结论以大黄为主的中药组方治疗APP肺损伤患者可显著减轻肺损伤程度,改善患者预后。     

中药配方颗粒一种新调剂模式的探索与实践

目的：探索门诊中药房中药配方颗粒调剂新模式,提升调剂工作质量,保障调剂药品安全。方法：按PDCA循环管理计划、实施、检查、处理4个步骤对中药配方颗粒调剂模式进行探索与实践。结果：将袋装配方颗粒或散装配方颗粒现有通用调剂模式改进为新的一种智能配发模式,利用智能发药设备实现机器调配辅以药品信息码扫描再复核为主的调剂模式,实施后调配一张常见数量、帖数处方的平均时间由原先的每张3.5 min缩短为0.6 min,平均复核时间由每张1.5 min缩短为0.5 min,显著提高中药配方颗粒的调剂效率和准确率,同时避免散装配方颗粒机器调剂后设备有残余粉末的现象,保障用药安全。结论：新的智能调剂模式可行性强,尤其适用于中药配方颗粒处方量大的医院门诊中药房。     

单味中药提取物防治急性肺损伤机制探究

急性肺损伤是一种严重的呼吸系统常见疾病,具有较高的发病率、病死率。西医多以针对性的支持治疗 为主,目前尚无特效的治疗途径。反观传统中医药,具有多靶点、多途径、多组分、副作用低等特点,在防治急性 肺损伤方面具有独特优势。同时,近年来随着中医药对急性肺损伤研究的深入,取得了理想的成果。故拟从单味 中药提取物防治急性肺损伤机制展开综述,以期为该领域的基础实验研究及临床运用提供科学依据。     

金鸡毛草提取物经Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进大鼠Ⅲ期压疮溃疡愈合的作用研究

目的观察金鸡毛草提取物经Wnt/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)信号通路促进大鼠Ⅲ期压疮溃疡愈合的作用。方法建立Ⅲ期压疮溃疡大鼠模型,将造模成功的SD大鼠随机分为模型组与金鸡毛草提取物低、中、高(4、8、16 g/kg)剂量组,每组12只。另取12只正常大鼠作为对照组。金鸡毛草提取物低、中、高剂量组大鼠灌胃4、8、16 g/kg的金鸡毛草提取物,灌胃体积10 mL/kg,对照组和模型组大鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水,每天1次,给药周期为2周。给药周期结束后,检测大鼠创面愈合率,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定大鼠血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠压疮溃疡组织和正常组织病理变化,实时荧光定量PCR及蛋白免疫印迹法测定大鼠压疮溃疡组织和正常组织中Wnt、β-catenin mRNA和蛋白水平。结果对照组大鼠皮肤组织结构正常,可见大量成纤维细胞及毛细血管;模型组大鼠压疮溃疡组织大量炎症细胞浸润,成纤维细胞及毛细血管数目明显减少,表皮明显变薄;金鸡毛草提取物低、中、高剂量组大鼠压疮溃疡创面组织已经出现结痂,且表皮明显增厚,炎性细胞浸润较轻。与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、压疮溃疡组织Wnt、β-catenin mRNA和蛋白水平升高(P <0.05);与模型组比较,金鸡毛草提取物低、中、高剂量组大鼠创面愈合率依次升高,血清IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、压疮溃疡组织Wnt、β-catenin mRNA和蛋白水平依次降低(P <0.05),呈剂量依赖性(P <0.05)。结论金鸡毛草提取物能加速大鼠Ⅲ期压疮溃疡愈合,减轻大鼠Ⅲ期压疮炎症反应;其机制可能与金鸡毛草提取物可促进大鼠Ⅲ期压疮溃疡组织Wnt、β-catenin mRNA和蛋白的表达进而激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

Analysis of electrocautery smoke released from the tissues frequently cut in orthopedic surgeries

BACKGROUND Electrosurgical smoke could be different by the device of cutting or the type of tissue that is being cut.AIM To analyze the electrocautery smoke released from the tissues that are frequently cut in orthopedic surgeries.METHODS The released smoke from electrocautery of five different tissue types(meniscus,ligament,adipose,muscle,and synovium) of five patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were collected and analyzed for volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and 27 candidate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(n = 25).Surgical smoke was produced with an electrocautery device for 4 min.RESULTS None of the 27 evaluated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds were detectable in electrocautery smoke collected from the surgical cutting of the different tissues.The number and identity of detected VOCs were similar between the patients but not between tissue types.The number of detected VOCs was the highest in synovial tissue(n = 21) and the lowest in the meniscus and adipose tissue(n = 12).The number of toxic and/or carcinogenic VOCs were the most in the muscle and meniscus tissues(Toluene,Ethylbenzene,and Styrene).No toxic and/or carcinogenic VOCs were identified in the ligament and adipose tissue.CONCLUSION Meniscus and muscle tissue are associated with the highest number of toxic and/or carcinogenic VOCs.Therefore,we recommend that surgeons avoiding the electrocautery of these tissues.     

Effects of liver-regulating herb compounds on testicular morphological and ultrastructural changes in varicocele rats through SCF/C-KIT pathway

Liver-regulating herb compound (LRHC) has good effects on improving sperm quality and male fertility of varicocele (VC) patients. But the mechanism of LRHC on VC is still not clear. This study explored the effects of LRHC on histomorphological and ultrastructural changes and expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and C-KIT of VC rat testis. Twenty-four male rats were divided into three groups with eight rats in each group as sham, varicocele and LRHC groups. Testis specimens were collected for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The expression of SCF/C-KIT was detected with Western blot. Results showed that seminiferous tubules in VC rats were damaged and cell numbers were decreased. Ultrastructural alterations were observed, such as increased thickness of lamina propria, vacuolation in Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids, and abnormal head and mitochondria in spermatozoa. While in LRHC-treated rats, the architectures of seminiferous tubules were as organised and compact as that of sham animals, and ultrastructure of Sertoli, Leydig and germ cells developed well. LRHC ameliorated histological appearance and ultrastructure by VC. In addition, the abnormal expression of SCF and C-KIT were observed in testicular tissues from rats with VC, which were brought back to normal level by LRHC.     

The relationship between DNA adduct formation by benzo[a]pyrene and expression of its activation enzyme cytochrome P450 1A1 in rat

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen requiring metabolic activation prior to reaction with DNA. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 is the most important hepatic and intestinal enzyme in both BaP activation and detoxification. CYP1A2 is also capable of oxidizing BaP, but to a lesser extent. The induction of CYP1A1/2 by BaP and/or β-naphthoflavone in liver and small intestine of rats was investigated. Both BaP and β-naphthoflavone induced CYP1A expression and increased enzyme activities in both organs. Moreover, the induction of CYP1A enzyme activities resulted in an increase in formation of BaP–DNA adducts detected by ³²P-postlabeling in rat liver and in the distal part of small intestine in vivo. The increases in CYP1A enzyme activity were also associated with bioactivation of BaP and elevated BaP–DNA adduct levels in ex vivo incubations of microsomes of both organs with DNA and BaP. These findings indicate a stimulating effect of both compounds on BaP-induced carcinogenesis.     

Interactions of the active components of Punica granatum (pomegranate) with the essential renal and hepatic human Solute Carrier transporters

Context: Solute carrier transporters (SLCs) are membrane proteins responsible for cellular influx of various substances including many pharmaceutical agents; therefore, they largely impact on drug disposition and elimination in body. Punica granatum Linnaeus (Lythraceae), pomegranate, is a fruit with antidiabetic potential. Oleanolic acid (OA), ursolic acid (UA), and gallic acid (GA) are the major bioactive components of pomegranate. Co-administration of these compounds with other drugs could result in altered drug pharmacokinetics, possibly due to competing for transporter proteins.

Objective: We investigated the interactions of these three compounds with the essential hepatic and renal SLC transporters.

Materials and methods: Uptake of radiolabeled transporter model substrates was assessed in HEK293 cells over-expressing SLC transporters including the organic anion transporters (OATs), organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and organic cation transporters (OCTs), in the presence or absence of 10.0?µM UA, OA, or GA. Their IC₅₀ values on specific SLC transporters were also evaluated using varying concentrations of the particular compound (ranging from 0.10?nM to 80.0?µM).

Results: Our results demonstrated UA could significantly inhibit OAT3 and OATP2B1 uptake (IC₅₀: 18.9?±?8.20?µM and 11.0?±?5.00?µM, respectively) and GA has a pronounced inhibitory effect on OATP1B3 uptake (IC₅₀: 1.60?±?0.60?μM).

Discussion and conclusion: Our study reports the interactions of OA, UA, and GA with the essential SLC transporters. This information may contribute to elucidating the drug–drug/herb interactions involved with these three compounds and form the basis of therapeutic optimization when drugs are co-administered.