应用小鼠胚胎肢芽培养方法研究重铬酸钾的发育毒性

采用小鼠胚胎前肢芽培养方法研究重铬酸钾对小鼠的发育毒性。结果表明:重铬酸钾浓度在2 .0mg .L- 1 以上时,前肢芽器官的发育和分化受到影响,并且随着重铬酸钾浓度的增加,肢体中各软骨的发育分化越差,Neubert 评分得分越少,呈剂量- 效应关系。说明重铬酸钾为小鼠胚胎发育毒性物质     

铁皮石斛培养的产业化研究

目的　筛选适宜的铁皮石斛不定芽增殖与生根培养基 ,选择适合继代扩繁的不定芽高度。方法　在相同培养条件下 ,不同高度的不定芽在不同的增殖与生根培养基中生长 ,对结果所产生的不同生长状况 ,进行显著性差异检验及综合分析。结果　不同高度的不定芽之间有显著差异 ,不同的增殖与生根培养基之间有显著差异。结论　铁皮石斛继代以 (1.2± 0 .1) cm高的不定芽为宜 ,增殖培养基以 MS添加 BA1.0 m g/ L、NAA0 .2 mg/ L 为佳 ,生根培养基以 1/ 2 MS添加 NAA 0 .2 mg/ L为佳。     

盐酸克伦特罗体外抑制大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的研究

目的探讨盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞的影响。方法采用大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞培养方法,观察盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果盐酸克伦特罗对大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖、分化均有抑制作用;细胞增殖:y^=0.507-0.000 7x,r=-0.949(P<0.01);细胞分化:y^=87.63-0.286x,r=-0.945(P<0.01),存在明显的剂量—反应关系,并呈显著性负相关;胚胎肢芽细胞半数抑制细胞增殖浓度(IP50)为0.34μg/L,半数抑制分化浓度(ID50)为0.09μg/L,IP50/ID50=3.78。结论盐酸克伦特罗可抑制大鼠胚胎肢芽细胞增殖和分化作用。     

新疆雪莲胚芽的组织培养和植株再生

目的:以新疆雪莲胚芽为外植体,建立一套新疆雪莲快速繁殖技术。方法:以MS培养基为基本培养基,通过研究植物生长物质BA和NAA对丛生芽的分化、丛生芽的增殖和生根的影响找出相应的最佳生长物质组合。结果:在附加NAA0.02-0.1mg·L^-1和BA2mg·L^-1的MS培养基上,所有的胚芽都可在45d内诱导出丛生芽;丛生芽切成小块后接入含NAA0.1-0.2mg·L^-1和BA2-3mg·L^-1的培养基中,都可在30d快速增殖;在含0.4mg·L^-1NAA的大量元素减半的MS培养基中,92%的不定芽可在25d内生根;再生植株移栽后,生长较好,成活率达70%。结论:新疆雪莲的胚芽可通过不定芽途径高频率的形成植株。     

滨蒿化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的 :研究滨蒿花蕾的化学成分。方法 :各种色谱法分离纯化 ,波谱法鉴定结构。结果 :从干燥花蕾中分离得到 4个黄酮类化合物 ,鉴定为金丝桃苷 (Ⅴ ) ;泽兰黄酮 (Ⅵ ) ;胡麻素 (Ⅶ ) ;5 ,7,2′,4′-四羟基-6 ,5′- 二甲氧基黄酮 (Ⅷ )。结论 :化合物Ⅴ ,Ⅵ ,Ⅶ ,Ⅷ为首次从该植物中获得。     

滨蒿化学成分的研究(Ⅲ)

目的 :研究滨蒿花蕾的化学成分。方法 :采用硅胶、聚酰胺、SephadexLH - 2 0柱色谱和高压液相色谱法分离化学成分 ,UV ,NMR和MS等方法进行结构鉴定。结果 :从干燥花蕾中又分离鉴定了 6个化合物 ,为 β-谷甾醇 (Ⅸ ) ,6 ,7-二甲氧基香豆素 (Ⅹ ) ,6-去甲基茵陈色原酮 (Ⅺ ) ,茵陈香豆酸乙 (Ⅻ ) ,华良姜素 ( ) ,异东莨菪苷 ( )。结论 :化合物Ⅺ ,Ⅻ , ,为首次从该植物中分离得到 ,其中化合物Ⅺ为一新化合物。     

Comparison of fungiform taste‐bud distribution among age groups using confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo in combination with gustatory function

The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of taste buds in fungiform papillae (FP) and gustatory function between young and elderly age groups. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used because it allows many FP to be observed non‐invasively in a short period of time. The age of participants (n = 211) varied from 20 to 83 yr. The tip and midlateral region of the tongue were observed. Taste buds in an average of 10 FP in each area were counted. A total of 2,350 FP at the tongue tip and 2,592 FP in the midlateral region could be observed. The average number of taste buds was similar among all age groups both at the tongue tip and in the midlateral region. The taste function, measured by electrogustometry, among participants 20–29 yr of age was significantly lower than that in the other age groups; however, there was no difference among any other age groups in taste function. These results indicate that the peripheral gustatory system is well maintained anatomically and functionally in elderly people.     

Nucleus of the solitary tract in the C57BL/6J mouse: Subnuclear parcellation,chorda tympani nerve projections,and brainstem connections

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) processes gustatory and related somatosensory information rostrally and general viscerosensory information caudally. To compare its connections with those of other rodents, this study in the C57BL/6J mouse provides a subnuclear cytoarchitectonic parcellation (Nissl stain) of the NST into rostral, intermediate, and caudal divisions. Subnuclei are further characterized by NADPH staining and P2X₂ immunoreactivity (IR). Cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) labeling revealed those NST subnuclei receiving chorda tympani nerve (CT) afferents, those connecting with the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and reticular formation (RF), and those interconnecting NST subnuclei. CT terminals are densest in the rostral central (RC) and medial (M) subnuclei; less dense in the rostral lateral (RL) subnucleus; and sparse in the ventral (V), ventral lateral (VL), and central lateral (CL) subnuclei. CTb injection into the PBN retrogradely labels cells in the aforementioned subnuclei; RC and M providing the largest source of PBN projection neurons. Pontine efferent axons terminate mainly in V and rostral medial (RM) subnuclei. CTb injection into the medullary RF labels cells and axonal endings predominantly in V at rostral and intermediate NST levels. Small CTb injections within the NST label extensive projections from the rostral division to caudal subnuclei. Projections from the caudal division primarily interconnect subnuclei confined to the caudal division of the NST; they also connect with the area postrema. P2X₂‐IR identifies probable vagal nerve terminals in the central (Ce) subnucleus in the intermediate/caudal NST. Ce also shows intense NADPH staining and does not project to the PBN. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1565–1596, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Melatonin promotes adventitious root regeneration in in vitro shoot tip explants of the commercial sweet cherry rootstocks CAB-6P (Prunus cerasus L.), Gisela 6 (P. cerasus × P. canescens), and MxM 60 (P. avium × P. mahaleb)

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to test the effects of melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine), a natural compound of edible plants on the rooting of certain commercial sweet cherry rootstocks. Shoot tip explants from previous in vitro cultures of the cherry rootstocks CAB‐6P (Prunus cerasus L.), Gisela 6 (P. cerasus × P. canescens), and M × M 60 (P. avium × P. mahaleb) were included in the experiment. The effect of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) alone or in combination with melatonin was tested concerning their rooting potential. Seven concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μm ) alone or in combination with 5.71 μm of IAA or 4.92 μm of IBA were tested. For each rootstock, 21 treatments were included. The explants were grown in glass tubes containing 10 mL of substrate. The parameters measured include rooting percentage, number of roots per rooted explant, root length, and callus formation. The data presented in this study show that melatonin has a rooting promoting effect at a low concentration but a growth inhibitory effect at high concentrations. In the absence of auxin, 1 μm melatonin had auxinic response concerning the number and length of roots, but 10 μm melatonin was inhibitory to rooting in all the tested rootstocks. The final conclusion of this experiment is that exogenously applied melatonin acted as a rooting promoter and its action was similar to that of IAA.     

The lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin is a sensitive indicator of branching morphogenetic activity in the developing mouse metanephric collecting duct system

The urine collecting duct system of the metanephric kidney develops by growth and branching morphogenesis of an unbranched progenitor tubule, the ureteric bud. Bud branching is mainly dichotomous and new branches form from existing branch tips, which are also the main sites of cell proliferation in the system. This behaviour, and the fact that some genes (e.g. Wnt11, Sox9) are expressed only in tips, suggests that tip cells are in a specific state of differentiation. In this report, we show that the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), hitherto regarded and used as a general marker of developing renal collecting ducts, binds to most of the duct system but does not bind to the very tips of growing branches. The zone avoided by DBA corresponds to the zone that expresses Wnt11, and the zone that shows enhanced cell proliferation. If branching of the ureteric bud of cultured embryonic kidneys is inhibited in organ culture, by blocking the kidney's endogenous glial cell-derived neurothrophic factor (GDNF)-based branch-promoting signals, the DBA-binding zone extends to the very end of the tip but is lost from there when branching is re-activated. Similarly, if excess GDNF is provided to growing kidneys, the DBA-free zone expands. DBA-staining status therefore appears to be a sensitive indicator of the morphogenetic activity of the collecting duct system.