浅析绮石论虚劳之"先天之因"

综考历代相关文献,虚劳之先天成因有以下几个方面:一是早婚早育,肌体稚弱,精气未生,血气未充,肾元亏虚;二是久病、劳逸过度、性生活失调导致父母体质虚弱;三是高龄生育;四是妊娠失养导致子代先天禀赋薄弱,胎儿气血供养不足,出生后体质虚弱,生长发育受到影响,从而形成虚劳的病理基础。     

银杏叶及葡萄籽提取物体外抑制蛋白糖化终末产物生成作用的研究

 目的 应用体外蛋白糖化反应系统,确定银杏叶及葡萄籽提取物抑制蛋白糖化终末产物生成的作用。方法 对照组将葡萄糖与牛血清白蛋白分别在STUOX；条件下共同孵育，实验组则加入不同剂量的银杏叶及葡萄籽提取物或氨基胍。利用荧光分光光度计对不同温度和时间培养条件下的样品测定，根据荧光强度确定蛋白糖化终末产物的生成量。结果 在本体外系统中，蛋白糖化终末产物的生成与孵育温度及时间呈正相关。银杏叶提取物及葡萄籽提取物在1.0~2.0 g.L_-1剂量范围内均可有效抑制蛋白糖化终末产物的生成，当药物浓度达2.0 g·L_-1时其抑制作用相当于同剂量的氨基胍。结论 具有明确 抗氧化作用的银杏叶提取物及葡萄籽提取物在体外可有效抑制蛋白糖化终末产物的生成。     

补脾肾活血法防治糖尿病肾病机理探讨

目的观察补脾肾活血方对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的影响,以探讨其防治糖尿病肾病的机制.方法用链脲佐菌素(STZ)制备糖尿病大鼠模型,12周后,测定肾功能指标、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)、血清和肾皮质糖基化终产物(AGEs)水平,并对大鼠肾脏进行光镜和电镜观察.结果补脾肾活血中药治疗后肾功能指标、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血清和肾皮质AGEs都显著低于糖尿病组(P＜0.01 或 P＜0.05),且肾脏病理改变得以改善.结论补脾肾活血中药能够通过降低血糖、减少尿蛋白和抑制蛋白非酶糖化防治糖尿病肾病的发生.     

大剂量参麦注射液在晚期癌症治疗中的价值

目的:探讨大剂量参麦注射液(红参、麦冬、五味子)(HD-SM)在晚期癌症病人治疗中的价值.方法:32例晚期癌症病人作为治疗组在化疗过程中使用HD-SM,同时以单纯化疗28例患者作对照组(化疗过程中仍采用除SM之外的支持对症治疗),观察两组病人化疗完成情况及疗效,并评价HD-SM的应用价值.结果:治疗组均能如期完成4周期的化疗计划,未出现治疗相关性死亡,近期疗效满意(87.5%),而对照组仅完成1周期的治疗.结论:HD-SM对恶性肿瘤化疗有增效、减毒作用,并能提高机体免疫功能,是一种良好的恶性肿瘤的辅助性治疗药物.     

氨基胍对糖尿病大鼠心脏功能及心肌超微结构的影响

目的 :探讨非酶糖化抑制剂 氨基胍 (amin oguanidine ,AG)对链尿佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用 ,为糖尿病心肌病的防治提供参考。方法 :建立STZ糖尿病大鼠模型 ,随机分为对照组、糖尿病组和氨基胍治疗组 ,AG剂量为15 0mg·kg-1·d-1。 12周时测定大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数、左室内压最大上升和下降率 (±dp dtmax)值 ,电镜观察心肌超微结构 ,测量心肌毛细血管基底膜厚度。结果 :糖尿病组大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数明显增高 ,±dp dtmax降低 ;超微结构显示心肌肌原纤维排列紊乱 ,线粒体肿胀变性 ,间质胶原增生 ,微血管内皮细胞肿胀、基底膜明显增厚。氨基胍治疗组血清果糖胺含量降低、心脏重量指数明显下降、±dp dtmax 值上升 ,微血管基底膜增厚减轻 ,间质胶原减少 ,心肌细胞超微结构异常减轻。结论 :糖尿病时存在心脏功能异常、心肌肥厚和超微结构的改变 ,早期应用AG在一定程度上可阻抑糖尿病心肌病变的发展。     

Functional characterization of the Sporothrix schenckii Ktr4 and Ktr5, mannosyltransferases involved in the N-linked glycosylation pathway

Sporothrix schenckii is one of the causative agents of the deep-seated mycosis sporotrichosis, a fungal infection with worldwide distribution. Fungus-specific molecules and biosynthetic pathways are potential targets for the development of new antifungal drugs. The MNT1/KRE2 gene family is a group of genes that encode fungus-specific Golgi-resident mannosyltransferases that participate in the synthesis of O-linked and N-linked glycans. While this family is composed of five and nine members in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively, the S. schenckii genome contains only three putative members. MNT1 has been previously characterized as an enzyme that participates in the synthesis of both N-linked and O-linked glycans. Here, we aimed to establish the functional role of the two remaining family members, KTR4 and KTR5, in the protein glycosylation pathways by using heterologous complementation in C. albicans mutants lacking genes of the MNT1/KRE2 family. The two S. schenckii genes restored defects in the elaboration of N-linked glycans, but no complementation of mutants that synthesize truncated O-linked glycans was observed. Therefore, our results suggest that MNT1 is the sole member with a role in O-linked glycan elaboration, whereas the three family members have redundant activity in the S. schenckii N-linked glycan synthesis.     

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is upregulated by the Epstein-Barr virus infection and promotes the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Conclusion: The current study confirmed the significant high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was promoted in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, in association with the malignant status of NPC, and promoted the proliferation NPC cells RAGE-dependently. Objectives: The present study was to examine the association of HMGB1 over-expression in human NPC with the EBV-positivity and to determine the regulatory role of HMGB1 on the proliferation of NPC cells in vitro. Methods: Real-time PCR and Western blotting were utilized to examine the HMGB1 expression. EBV infection in CNE-2 cells was performed to investigate the HMGB1 promotion by EBV infection. RNA interference technology was utilized for the RAGE knockout. Results: It was demonstrated that HMGB1 was significantly higher in both mRNA and protein levels in the EBV-positive NPC tissues, in marked association with the malignant status of NPC, and with the LMP1 DNA level in EBV-positive NPC samples. In addition, the MTT assay, growth curve, and the colony forming assay confirmed the promotion by HMGB1 to the proliferation of CNE-2 cells, depending on RAGE.     

Inflammation and arthritis: perspectives of the glycobiologist

This review focuses on the role of glycosylation during the development of joint inflammation and degeneration. Although glycoproteins and glycan-binding proteins have essential functions in bone and cartilage, and in the inflammatory process, their exact roles are still uncertain due to the vast complexity of carbohydrate structures. Glycosylated epitopes have been shown to play a role in the induction of arthritis in animal models. Currently available drugs are aimed at the protection of cartilage and bone structures but new developments in this area should take into account the tight and specific interactions between bone and cartilage. It is anticipated that new agents will help to remodel damaged joints, based on knowledge of cartilage and bone turnover and on the exact role of glycosylated molecules and cell surface receptor glycoproteins in these processes. Highly sensitive imaging techniques and well-characterized In vivo models will accelerate this development.     

The Value of Ultrasound in Detecting Extra‐Axillary Regional Node Involvement in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer

Assessment of the regional lymphatics is important for accurate staging and treatment of breast cancer patients. We sought to determine the role of regional ultrasound in providing clinically relevant information. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who were treated curatively in 1996–2006 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center for clinical stage III breast cancer. We compared differences in regional lymph node staging based on ultrasound versus mammography and physical examination in the 865 of 1,200 patients who had external-beam radiation as part of their treatment and regional ultrasound studies as part of their initial evaluation. Ultrasound uniquely identified additional lymph node involvement beyond the level I or II axilla in 37% of the patients (325 of 865), leading to a change in clinical nodal stage. Ninety-one percent of these abnormalities that could be biopsied (266 or 293) were confirmed to contain disease. The sites of additional regional nodal disease were: infraclavicular disease, 32% (275 of 865); supraclavicular disease, 16% (140 of 865); and internal mammary disease, 11% (98 of 865). All patients with involvement in the extra-axillary regional nodal basins received a radiation boost to the involved areas ≥10 Gy. Thus, over one third of patients with advanced breast cancer had their radiation plan altered by the ultrasound findings. Regional ultrasound evaluation in patients with advanced breast cancer commonly revealed abnormalities within and beyond the axilla, which changed the clinical stage of disease and the radiation treatment strategy. Therefore, regional ultrasound is beneficial in the initial staging evaluation for such patients.