Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in children in South-Western Sweden

Hildebrand H, Brydolf M, Holmquist L, Krantz I, Kristiansson B. Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in children in South-Western Sweden Acta PEdiatr 1994;83:640–5. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease were estimated in all children less than 16 years of age living in the city of Göteborg and in three counties in South-Western Sweden, from 1983 to 1987. One hundred and thirty-two patients were classified according to set criteria into one of four diagnostic categories: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, probable Crohn's disease and indeterminate colitis. The crude incidence of inflammatory bowel disease was 5.3 per 100 000 children per year and the prevalence 21.5 per 100000 children. This study lends support to the hypothesis that Crohn's disease has increased among Swedish children. Crohn's disease now appears to be at least as common as ulcerative colitis. Thirty-five of 55 patients first classified as indeterminate colitis or probable Crohn's disease later fulfilled the criteria of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease during a mean follow-up period of 4.6 years. This study emphasizes the importance, in epidemiological studies of inflammatory bowel disease, of inciuding those cases where a definite diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease cannot be established initially and of re-evaluating the initial diagnosis regularly.     

Surface Active Agents as Enhancers of Alveolar Absorption

Purpose. Small solutes which are deposited in the alveoli by aerosolinhalation will be absorbed across the alveolo-capillary barrier.Inhalation of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) enhances absorptionwhile having little or no effect on lung function, suggesting that surfaceactive agents may be used as enhancers of alveolar absorption ofinhaled pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to examinethe effects of a selection of different surface active agents onalveolar absorption. Methods. The absorption of ^99mTc-diethylene triamine pentaacetate(^99mTc-DTPA) from the lungs was studied in rabbits. We studied fivedifferent surface active agents: DOSS, sodium glycodioxycholate(GDCA), sodium lauryl sulphate (NaLS), lysophosphatidyl choline(LPC) and polyoxyethylene-23-laurylether (P23LE). Results. DOSS and GDCA both dramatically enhanced the absorptionof ^99mTc-DTPA. There was a moderate effect of NaLS, no significanteffect of LPC and P23LE reduced the rate of absorption. None of thecompounds affected gas exchange or lung compliance. Conclusions. There is a wide spectrum of effects of inhaled surfaceactive agents on the alveolar absorption of ^99mTc-DTPA. Ioniccompounds such as DOSS and GDCA have the greatest effect, and furtherstudies of these classes of surface active agents for use as enhancersof alveolar absorption of pharmaceuticals seem warranted.     

The parafascicular nucleus and two-way active avoidance: effects of electrical stimulation and electrode implantation

To evaluate whether electrical stimulation of the parafascicular nucleus (PF) can improve short-term (24 h) and/or long-term (21 days) retention of two-way active avoidance, rats were implanted with an electrode at this nucleus (experimental groups) or above it (control groups). After a single 30-trial acquisition session, experimental groups were submitted to a 10-min session of electrical stimulation. Results showed that the simple implantation of an electrode at the posterior PF enhanced by itself the acquisition of two-way active avoidance, in such a way that the subsequent stimulation of this region may have been unable to further improve the performance of the rats. On the other hand, parafascicular stimulation improved the 24-h retention of the task in a site-specific way, since this effect was mainly seen after stimulation of the central PF region. The facilitative effect on 24-h retention could also depend on the level of performance achieved during the acquisition session, because this improvement was only evidenced in poorly learning animals. No effects were found on 21-day retention. The present results confirm the involvement of the PF in learning and memory and the functional heterogeneity of this nucleus. Received: 4 August 1998 / Accepted: 7 July 1999     

马齿苋抗氧化有效成分的研究

为探讨马齿苋抗氧化有效成分。采用邻苯三酚所致的老化人红细胞膜模型观察马齿苋总生物碱、有机酸、酚类化合物、多糖、总黄酮对邻苯三酚自氧化的影响。结果显示，马齿苋总黄酮对邻苯三酚自氧化具有明显的抑制作用。与阳性对照组比较具有显著的差异性。且呈量效正相关关系。而其他成分无差异性。提示马齿苋总黄酮可能是其抗氧化作用的主要成分之一。     

神经激肽 1受体在溃疡性结肠炎组织的表达和临床意义

目的 了解P物质受体-神经激肽1受体（NK-1R）在正常肠管和溃疡性结肠炎组织中的表达，探讨该受体在溃疡性结肠炎的病理生理过程中所起的作用。方法 21个溃疡性结肠炎标本取自因该病并发症而手术的患。正常肠管组织取自24个器官捐献，应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术检测正常肠管和溃疡性结肠炎组织NK-1R的信使核糖核酸（mRNA)水平，应用Western blot技术检测NK-1R的蛋白水平，应用免疫组织化学方法（免疫组化）进行NK-1R的组织学定位。结果 与正常肠管相比，溃疡性结肠炎组织中NK-1RmRNA和蛋白都过度表达，免疫组化检查显示，NK-1R的表达主要位于溃疡性结肠炎组织的肠黏膜表面，黏膜固有层的单核细胞，黏膜下层的动，静脉和纵形与环形肌层等处。结论 溃疡性结肠炎组织中NK-1R的表达水平明显上调，扰乱了神经激肽的作用环节，加剧肠管的病理改变。     

The pharmacological properties of the ethanolic root extract of Combretum dolichopetalum

The pharmacological actions of the crude ethanolic extract and the active fractions of the roots of Combretum dolichopetalum were tested on guinea-pig isolated ileum and in intact rats. The extract relaxed guinea-pig ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. Two active fractions (R_f 0.96 and 0.84) which also relaxed the guinea-pig ileum were isolated using column chromatography and TLC respectively. Both the crude extract and the active fractions inhibited the contractions induced by acetylcholine and histamine concentration-dependently in the guinea-pig ileum. The crude extract inhibited ulcers and gastric secretions induced in rats by pyloric ligation together with histamine 100 mg/kg, i.p. (p<0.05). The extract also delayed gastric emptying in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of the extract were compared with cimetidine at each stage of the study.     

Comparative study of three doses of interferon-α2a in chronic active hepatitis B

SUMMARY. To determine the efficacy of interferon-α2a in chronic active hepatitis B, 238 patients were randomly divided, into four groups: three groups received either 2.5 MIU m^-2. 5.0 MIUm^-2 or 10.0 MIU m^-2, three times weekly by intramuscular injection for 12–24 weeks: and a control group received no treatment. Patients were followed for up to 12 months after treatment was discontinued. There was a statistically significant difference in response [clearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV-DNA)] between treated and untreated patients (3 7 vs 13%) but no statistically significant difference was seen between treatment groups (33% 34% and 43% for the 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 MIU m^-2 groups, respectively). A transient rise in transaminases (seroconversion hepatitis) was seen in responders, but levels returned to within the normal range after response to treatment. In patients responding to interferon therapy there was a significant reduction in the severity of the hepatitis. Interferon-α2a was generally well tolerated with respect to vital signs and laboratory parameters.     

头孢泊肟酯的合成

头孢泊肟酯是第三代头孢菌素中第一个口服衍生物,具有广谱抗菌活性,对很多革兰氏阴、阳性菌有效,且很少见细菌对本品耐药。文献报道本品的合成方法有多种。笔者以国产氨噻肟头孢为原料经酰化、甲氧基化.酯化和水解4步反应制得。     

Height changes among chronic low back pain patients during intense physical exercise

The possible effects of intense physical exercise on the total body stature of low back pain patients were monitored by circadian total body height measurements. The height was measured with a statiometer, and the change in height was correlated with the changes in the range of motion, pain and subjective disability and degree of disc degeneration seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pictures. The stature of 24 low back pain patients was measured during a 3-week period. There was an increase of about 3 mm in height after only 4 days of exercise, and by the end of the programme the morning height increased on average by 7.2 mm.
There were also 12 non-rehabilitated low back pain patients but no such increase was noted among them. The gain of height and reduction of pain were found to be statistically signigicantly correlated ( P =0.0001, r =−0.41), as did the gain of height and teh decrease of back disablity (Oswestry index) ( P <0.0001, r =−0.39). Circadian total height measures but not the MR images will change due to the active back rehabilitation programme.