普鲁卡因胺对血小板及其开放管道系统形态结构改变的影响

用比浊法、电镜观察法和体视学计量法研究普鲁卡因胺对血小板聚集、形态改变和开放管道系统改变的影响。结果：普鲁卡因胺明显地抑制血小板聚集反应，抑制率为７０．６％～９１．２％；抑制血小板形成伪足和粘附，抑制开放管道系统形态结构参数值的改变：体视计量学的各种形态学参数值随药物浓度增加而逐渐接近空白对照组的水平，但与生理盐水对照组比较有显著差异，说明ＰＡ显著地抑制血小板及其开放管道系统形态结构的改变。     

毛果芸香碱的抗血小板作用的探讨

在发现毛果芸香碱抗血小板聚集作用的基础上,在家兔血小板实验中进一步证明(1)毛果芸香碱有抑制腺苷二磷酸、花生四烯酸和胶原诱发血小板聚集和释放ATP的作用;对腺苷二磷酸和花生四烯酸诱发的血小板变形无抑制作用,对胶原诱发的变形则有抑制作用。(2)毛果芸香碱对腺苷二磷酸和花生四烯酸诱发的血小板聚集团有解聚作用,但对胶原诱发的则无解聚作用。Nachman等证明的血小板间桥模式不能解释此现象。我们提出了两种有糖蛋白G参与的血小板间桥模式的设想。     

失血性休克狗微循环和血液流变学的变化

在9只失血性休克狗(平均血压维持在40mmHg)观察其球结膜微循环,并定期从股动脉采血检查血液和血浆比粘度、红细胞比容、血小板聚集和红细胞变形能力。结果:一、微循环反应非常敏感,放血后数分钟球结膜微动收缩,血流速度变慢,红细胞出现聚集;休克期镜下可见毛细血管数目减少,血流停滞,红细胞重度聚集。二、血液流变学检查:放血停止后,血液和血浆比粘度,红细胞比容均明显下降;血小板聚集加强;红细胞变形能力的变化发生较晚,休克后一小时开始降低。三、回输失去的血液和生理盐水后,微循环和血液流变学诸指标都趋向恢复。作者分析了失血性休克狗微循环和血液流变学的关系。     

酸枣油及酸枣浸膏降血脂和抗血小板聚集作用的实验研究

口服酸枣油或酸枣浸膏53天,可明显降低日本种雄性鹌鹑高脂模型的TC、LDL和TG,肝脂肪变性亦明显减轻。酸枣油灌胃可明显抑制大鼠的血小板聚集反应,而酸枣浸膏则无明显影响。     

抑肽酶对血小板粘附功能保护作用的实验研究

在正常人富血小板血浆中加入尿激酶后,激活瑞斯托霉素诱导的血小板凝集率下降到对照值的31.7%,表明血小板粘附功能受到明显损伤。这种作用可能与活化的纤溶系统对血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅰ受体的水解有关。事先经抑肽酶孵育的富血小板血浆中加入相同浓度的尿激酶,瑞斯托霉素诱导的血小板凝集率下降不明显,表明抑肽酶可有效地抑制尿激酶的损伤作用,保护血小板的粘附功能。     

CHANGES IN PLATELET FREE Ca2+ CONCENTRATION AFTER CHRONIC DIGOXIN TREATMENT

Summary— Cell Na+ and Ca²⁺ concentrations control each other by various mechanisms. In excitable cells from various origins, Ca²⁺ extrusion from the cell and its entry are dependent for a large part on the activity of the Na+, Ca²⁺-countertransport system. Cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentration is also controlled by the Na+–H+ exchange activity. To analyze the changes in cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration accompanying the reduction of the membrane Na+ gradient, cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) was measured by fluorescent dyes in platelets and erythrocytes from healthy subjects, before and during digoxin treatment (0.25 mg/day for 6 days). [Ca²⁺]_i was increased in platelets from 169±30 to 321±61 nmol/l ( n = 7, P <0.02) and unchanged in erythrocytes (121±6 and 104±7 nmol/l). This increase in platelet [Ca²⁺]_i was not accompanied by a change in serotonin content (5.43±0.67 vs 5.49±0.61 10⁻⁷ mol per 10¹¹ cells) and could not be reproduced by in vitro addition of 10⁻⁴ mol/l ouabain (198±33 vs 186±73 nmol/l). The enhanced [Ca²⁺]_i in platelets is thus not a short-term consequence of a reduced membrane Na+ gradient, but reflects either the overload of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores or an enhanced in vivo stimulation by hormones or neurotransmitters.     

冠心病患者血小板功能和血小板钙调素含量的变化

检测了20例冠心病患者的血小板钙调素含量及血小板部分功能,发现冠心病患者血小板钙调素含量较对照组明显降低,而血小板活性则较对照组明显增高。结果提示,钙调素的含量变化有可能在冠心病的发病过程中起着重要作用。     

Platelet apheresis for extreme thrombocytosis in an 11-year-old girl with CML

Summary. This report describes the dramatic reduction in the platelet count and ablation of symptoms by consecutive platelet apheresis in a young girl with CML who presented with an extremely high platelet count of 10,320 × 10⁹/1. Extreme thrombocytosis, although quite rare, can be symptomatic and life-threatening in paediatric patients and should be considered an emergency. The mechanical removal of platelets by apheresis is effective therapy and should begin as soon as possible.     

实验性急性心肌梗塞时血小板聚集性的变化

采用Wu Hoak法测定动脉血中血小板的聚集率,比较家兔实验性急性心肌梗塞前后(AM1组,8只)与急性心肌梗塞并用心得安治疗(治疗组,8只)前后的血小扳聚集率的变化。发现急性心肌梗塞后5h和24h,动脉血中血小板聚集率均明显下降,但心得安治疗组下降程度较AM1组轻(P<0.05)。治疗组梗塞面积也小于AM1组(P<0.01)。     

Platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in patients with multiple sclerosis

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities were determined in a large group of multiple sclerose patients in relapse (49 patients) and in remission (28 patients), and compared with an age- and sex-matched control group (52 normal subjects). The activities of both enzymes did not differ from normal in both patient groups. Women had higher MAO activities both in normal and in patient groups. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an association of low platelet MAO to the score in the mental subscale in the Kurtzke Disability Status Scale. Both male and female patients with mental symptomatology had significantly (p = 0.02) lower platelet MAO activities compared to the patients without. The possibility of a relationship between MAO activity and psychiatric vulnerability in MS is considered.