Brain Spectrins 240/235 and 240/235E: Differential Expression During Development of Chicken Dorsal Root Ganglia in vivo and in vitro

Brain spectrin, a membrane-related cytoskeletal protein, exists as two isoforms. Brain spectrin 240/235 is localized preferentially in the perikaryon and axon of neuronal cells and brain spectrin 240/235E is found essentially in the neuronal soma and dendrites and in glia (Riederer et al., 1986, J. Cell Biol., 102, 2088 - 2097). The sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia, devoid of any dendrites, make a good tool to investigate such differential expression of spectrin isoforms. In this study expression and localization of both brain spectrin isoforms were analysed during early chicken dorsal root ganglia development in vivo and in culture. Both isoforms appeared at embryonic day 6. Brain spectrin 240/235 exhibited a transient increase during embryonic development and was first expressed in ventrolateral neurons. In ganglion cells in situ and in culture this spectrin type showed a somato - axonal distribution pattern. In contrast, brain spectrin 240/235E slightly increased between E6 and E15 and remained practically unchanged. It was localized mainly in smaller neurons of the mediodorsal area as punctate staining in the cytoplasm, was restricted exclusively to the ganglion cell perikarya and was absent from axons both in situ and in culture. This study suggests that brain spectrin 240/235 may contribute towards outgrowth, elongation and maintenance of axonal processes and that brain spectrin 240/235E seems to be exclusively involved in the stabilization of the cytoarchitecture of cell bodies in a selected population of ganglion cells.     

Basic properties of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channel in carp olfactory cilia

In addition to the activation of cAMP-dependent pathways, odorant binding to its receptor can lead to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) production that may induce the opening of plasma membrane channels. We therefore investigated the presence and nature of such channels in carp olfactory cilia. Functional analysis was performed by reconstitution of the olfactory cilia in planar lipid bilayers (tip-dip method). In the presence of InsP3 (10 microM) and Ca2+ (100 nM), a current of 1.6 +/- 0.1 pA (mean +/- SEM, n = 4) was measured, using Ba2+ as charge carrier. The I/V curve displayed a slope conductance of 45 +/- 5 pS and a reversal potential of -29 mV indicating a higher selectivity for divalent cations. This current was characterized by two mean open times (3.0 +/- 0.4 ms and 42.0 +/- 2.6 ms, n = 4) and was strongly inhibited by ruthenium red (30 microM) or heparin (10 microg/mL). Importantly, the channel activity was closely dependent on the Ca2+ concentration, with the highest open probability (Po) at 100 nM Ca2+ (Po = 0.50 +/- 0.02, n = 4). Po is lower at both higher and lower Ca2+ concentrations. A structural identification of the channel was attempted by using a large panel of antibodies, raised against several InsP3 receptor (InsP3R)/Ca2+ release channel isoforms. The type 1 InsP3R was detected in carp cerebellum and whole brain, while a lower molecular mass InsP3R, which may correspond to type 2 or 3, was detected in heart, whole brain and the soma of the olfactory neurons. None of the antibodies, however, cross-reacted with olfactory cilia. Taken together, these results indicate that in carp olfactory cilia an InsP3-dependent channel is present, distinct from the classical InsP3Rs localized on intracellular membranes.     

针刺、自主牵引、药物外敷治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效观察

目的 :观察针刺、自主牵引、药物外敷治疗腰椎间盘突出症 (简称治疗组 )的疗效。方法 :随机分为针刺、自主牵引、药物外敷组和单纯针刺组进行对比观察。结果 :治疗组总有效率 94 .1% ,明显高于对照组 75 .8% ,经统计学处理 ,P <0 .0 5 ,具有显著性差异。结论 :治疗组疗效优于对照组     

抗稻瘟霉中草药活性筛选

目的从广西产中草药中筛选具有抗稻瘟霉活性的中草药。方法利用稻瘟霉模型筛选中草药。结果 12个科的 18种中草药呈现出较好的抗稻瘟霉活性。结论抗稻瘟霉模型是一个很好的活性筛选体系 ,可以用于抗癌药物的初筛     

荆州市乡村卫生室用药情况调查分析

目的：调查分析荆州市乡村卫生室用药情况，为有关部门制定农村医疗卫生政策提供依据。方法：抽样调查荆州市72个乡村卫生室1999—2000年用药情况，采用Microsoft Access2000及Microsoft Excel2000对调查结果进行数据录入、整理和统计处理。结果：荆州市农村用药处于较低水平，2000-1999年用量有一定增长。用药品种以国家基本药物为主，使用率较高的药物主要为抗感染药、解热镇痛抗炎抗痛风药、维生素、消化系统药、呼吸系统药等。结论：荆州市乡村卫生室药物应用基本合理。农村合作医疗政策是切实可行的。     

神经营养因子对缺血性脑损伤的影响及其药物调节

营养因子是一类对神经系统起营养支持作用的蛋白质 ,当神经细胞受损伤时 ,可引起不同种类的神经营养因子释放 ,从而参与脑损伤的内源性保护过程。外源性施用神经营养因子可保护神经组织免受损害的实验结果也支持上述观点。因此 ,利用药物等手段诱导它们适时适量地释放 ,可能是治疗缺血性脑损伤的新靶向     

中药制剂所致药物不良反应分析

目的：了解中药制剂引起药物不良反应的发生情况。方法：对152例中药制剂所致的不良反应进行了分析。结果：共涉及中药制剂59种，在180例次不良反应中变态反应占57.78%(104/180)，其次为呼吸系统反应，占13.89%(25/180）,其他类型反应占28.33%(51/180）。由静脉给药引起的不良反应最多。占75.00%。结论：中药制剂也可引起许多不良反应。其中静脉给药时发生不良反应的可能性最大，应加强对中药不良反应的认识。     

子宫内膜癌细胞中孕激素受体的多因素调节

目的　通过体外实验研究雌激素、孕激素、胰岛素 /胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ (Insulin -likegrowthfactorⅠ ,IGF -Ⅰ )对内膜癌细胞中孕激素受体 (Progesteronereceptor,PR )亚型表达的调节 ,探讨内膜癌细胞中PR亚型表达的意义。方法　体外培养高分化子宫内膜癌细胞Ishikawa ,按实验目的分别加入雌激素、孕激素、雌激素孕激素联合、胰岛素及IGF -Ⅰ刺激 2 4h、 4 8h后 ,采用Westernblot方法测定各个条件下内膜癌细胞中两种孕激素受体亚型的表达。结果　内膜癌细胞Ishikawa在自然状态下 ,PR -A和PR -B均阳性表达 ;细胞经血清限制后 ,总PR及两种亚型都明显下调。雌激素可以上调细胞中PR -A和PR -B表达水平 ,但在高血清时明显。孕激素单独或雌、孕激素联合应用在 4 8h时都可以降低Ishikawa细胞中PR表达。胰岛素 /IGF -Ⅰ在 2 4h时可以上调PR -B水平 ,4 8h时此上调作用消失。结论　①雌激素对PR的上调作用与血清浓度有关 ,血清中可能含有雌激素作用所需要的某些因子 ;②孕激素对内膜癌细胞Ishikawa中PR有下调作用 ;③胰岛素 /IGF -Ⅰ可以上调内膜癌细胞中PR表达 ,主要是PR -B表达 ,但此作用持续时间短     

中西医结合治疗胃癌根治术后胃轻瘫19例

目的:观察中西医结合治疗胃癌根治术后胃轻瘫的疗效.方法:对19例胃癌根治术后胃轻瘫患者进行中西医结合治疗.结果:19例均痊愈,治疗时间7～49天,平均23.5天.结论:中西医结合治疗胃轻瘫有较好效果.     

突破传统适应需要创建中西医结合人才培养模式

湖南中医学院1993年率先开办中西医结合临床医学本科专业;创建"两个基础,一个临床"的人才培养模式和一套适应新的培养模式的课程体系;首编中西医结合临床主体课程系列教材;在教学实践中创建适应新培养模式的实践教学体系和创新思维培养方法;为保证人才培养质量,造就了一批高素质的中西医结合专业教师队伍."两个基础,一个临床"培养模式的实践产生了显著的办学效益和社会影响.