当归川芎红花不同组合方式对复方方剂中阿魏酸含量的影响

目的测定当归、川芎、红花不同的配伍对复方方剂煎液中阿魏酸含量的影响,从而比较得到最佳工艺。方法用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定不同煎液中阿魏酸含量。结果三味合煎液中阿魏酸的含量最大。结论三味合煎是比较理想的煎煮方法,有利于阿魏酸的充分溶出。     

超声引导下腮腺导管生理盐水灌注诊断干燥综合征

目的探讨超声引导下腮腺导管注射生理盐水诊断干燥综合征(Sj gren′s syndrome,SS)的价值。方法对16例确诊的SS女性患者在超声实时监测下采用自制的磨去针尖的5.5号头皮针,沿腮腺导管开口插入腮腺主导管约2 cm,缓慢注入生理盐水2 mL左右,全程记录腮腺导管注水前后的宽度、光滑度、恢复时间、导管末端是否有生理盐水向组织渗漏等,与X线下泛影葡胺造影结果比较。结果SS患者超声引导下腮腺导管生理盐水灌注结果与X线下泛影葡胺造影结果相关性良好。结论超声引导下腮腺导管生理盐水灌注可以替代X线下泛影葡胺造影诊断SS。     

卡介苗对致敏后重复抗原攻击的大鼠肺组织环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶活性的影响

环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(PDE)是一类催化水解细胞中的第二信使环核苷酸(cAMP和cGMP),使其生物学活性的关键酶,是cAMP和cGMP水解的唯一途径[1].大鼠哮喘发病过程中肺组织PDE活性升高[2].关于PDE活性改变的具体机制目前尚未完全明了.有实验表明PDE活性的改变与IL-4的调节作用有一定关系[3].另有研究表明,卡介苗(BCG)给药可刺激IFN-γ产生,抑制IL-4等细胞因子的产生,减弱炎症的发展[4,5].本实验旨在探明卡介苗给药对大鼠哮喘发病过程中肺组织PDE活性的影响及可能途径.     

以癫痫为首发症状的肝豆状核变性

目的总结以癫痫为首发症状的肝豆状核变性的临床特点及治疗经验。方法回顾性总结6例以癫痫为首发症状青少年肝豆状变性的临床特点,所有患者的癫痫症状明显,但经详细询问病史,认真体格检查及相关血生化、影像学等辅助检查均找到了癫痫病因。结果6例首发症状为癫痫患者的原发病为肝豆状核变性,给予驱铜、抗癫痫等治疗,随访1￣3年,症状控制良好。结论肝豆状核变性以癫痫为首发症状者少见,以癫痫症状为首诊的青少年患者应警惕肝豆状核变性为可能的病因。     

二苯乙烯苷对D-半乳糖拟痴呆小鼠海马基因表达的影响

目的　应用cDNA芯片探索二苯乙烯苷(TSG)干预D 半乳糖皮下注射的拟痴呆 (AD)小鼠海马的靶基因。方法　D 半乳糖 (5 0mg·kg- 1·d- 1,6 0d)皮下注射为模型组 ,造模加TSG (0 .1g·kg- 1·d- 1)灌胃为TSG组 ,对照组只注射相同体积的生理盐水。每组 6只小鼠用Morris水迷宫测试学习记忆能力。取海马组织抽提RNA ,掺入荧光分子Cy3和Cy5逆转录合成cDNA探针。以模型比正常组和TSG比正常组为组合混合探针 ,与两张小鼠 4 0 0 0点cDNA芯片杂交 ,经荧光信号扫描及GenePixPro3.0分析TSG组AD疾病相关基因调控得到改善的基因。结果　TSG可缩短小鼠游至目标的距离和时间 ,说明改善了学习记忆能力。TSG组与模型组表达差异的基因有 2 9条上调 ,12条下调 ,其中与AD相关的有 11条。结论　基因表达结果说明 ,TSG可能使能量代谢与神经营养作用增强 ,炎性反应和转录整体水平下降。     

n,n′-二乙酰-L-胱氨酸对半乳糖胺联用脂多糖引起小鼠免疫性肝衰竭的作用

目的研究n,n′-二乙酰-L-胱氨酸(DiNAC)对免疫性肝衰竭的治疗作用。方法观察DiNAC对Balb/C小鼠由半乳糖胺联用脂多糖引起免疫性肝衰竭的作用。半乳糖胺/脂多糖攻击6 h后，小鼠血清ALT，AST和外周血T细胞亚群分别用全自动生化仪、流式细胞仪测定，并用光镜观察肝组织病理切片，统计半乳糖胺/脂多糖攻击24 h后的小鼠存活率。结果给肝衰竭小鼠ip DiNAC(50，200，800 mg·kg^-1)，能明显阻止小鼠血清ALT和AST活力增高，使肝组织损害减轻及提高小鼠存活率，并呈剂量依赖关系；DiNAC能增强免疫性肝衰竭小鼠外周血CD4⁺,CD8⁺,Th1和Th2 T淋巴细胞的增殖分化。结论DiNAC对免疫性肝衰竭动物有明显的治疗作用，这一作用与其免疫调节有关。     

Novel GHB-derived natural products from European mistletoe (Viscum album)

Abstract

Context: The European white-berry mistletoe [Viscum album L. (Loranthaceae)] is among the oldest known medicinal plants. At present the most important application of mistletoe extracts is in the treatment of cancer. However, natural products specific to mistletoe have rarely been encountered in the current literature.

Objective: To discover novel natural products specific to European mistletoe.

Materials and methods: European mistletoe was extracted with methanol, purified to partition against diethyl ether and further purified with XAD-7 column chromatography. Pure compounds were separated by Sephadex column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures of the novel compounds were established using a combination of several 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry.

Results: A new type of natural product derived from the methyl ester of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) coupled to hydroxybenzoic acids, namely 3-(3′-carbomethoxypropyl) gallic acid and 3-(3′-carbomethoxypropyl)-7→3″-protocatechoyl galloate were characterized from European white-berry mistletoe. Condensation of the 3-hydroxyl of gallic acid with the 4-hydroxyl of GHB significantly reduced the radical scavenging properties of the former compound.

Discussion and conclusion: The characterized compounds define a novel group of natural products that may be of particular interest because it appears that the two new compounds are not closely related to any known natural product.     

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Asiaticoside,Madecassoside and Asiatic Acid in Porcine Brain Endothelial Cell Model

Neurotherapeutic potentials of Centella asiatica and its reputation to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions are widely acknowledged. The plant's bioactive compounds, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid were reported to have central nervous system (CNS) actions, particularly in protecting the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, it is important for these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be clinically effective therapeutics. This study aimed to explore the capability of asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid to cross the BBB using in vitro BBB model from primary porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs). Our findings showed that asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid are highly BBB permeable with apparent permeability (P_app) of 70.61 ± 6.60, 53.31 ± 12.55 and 50.94 ± 10.91 × 10^?6 cm/s respectively. No evidence of cytotoxicity and tight junction disruption of the PBECs were observed in the presence of these compounds. Asiatic acid showed cytoprotective effect towards the PBECs against oxidative stress. This study reported for the first time that Centella asiatica compounds demonstrated high capability to cross the BBB, comparable to central nervous system drugs, and therefore warrant further development as therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.     

天麻素对过表达APP的APP6952、93SW细胞增殖和Aβ水平的影响

目的探讨天麻素（Gas）治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的可行性及机制。方法将N2a细胞（APP695）和293细胞（293SW）均分为两组,实验组分别加入255、0、1002、00μM的Gas,对照组为正常的培养基。用倒置荧光显微镜观察细胞形态,MTT法检测细胞活力,ELISA法检测纤维状β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）水平。结果与对照组相比,实验组无胞体形态变化、轴突回缩、贴壁不良、细胞悬浮或成簇现象;Gas预处理细胞存活率无明显变化;但Aβ水平明显降低,且随Gas药物浓度增加而降低。结论 Gas治疗AD可能有功效,其机制可能为抑制Aβ表达。