公立医院绩效管理内涵的思考

公立医院绩效管理是指通过对医院战略的建立、目标分解、业绩评价,将绩效管理的成绩应用于日常管理活动中,以引导和激励科室管理和员工的业绩实现持续改进并最终实现医院的战略目标.从管理学角度,公立医院绩效管理主体分组织绩效和员工绩效两个方面,两者是辩证统一相辅相成的.公立医院绩效管理来源于企业,但又不同于企业,应彰显公益性,体...     

学科内涵与外延的探讨

通过对古今中外学者关于学科概念不同认识的阐述,从构成学科的知识体系及知识分化的角度归纳了学科的内涵和外延,又举例从不同层次阐述学科的内涵与外延及其之间的关系,并结合当前高校学科建设,通过对学科建设内容和目标的具体分析,进一步厘清其科学本质。     

Effects of risperidone, quetiapine and ziprasidone on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats

Comorbid substance use in schizophrenic patients is common, and substance dependence is a predictive factor for psychosis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of risperidone, quetiapine and ziprasidone, atypical antipsychotic drugs, on ethanol withdrawal syndrome (EWS) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were used in the study. Ethanol (7.2%, v/v) was given to rats via a liquid diet for 21 days. An isocaloric liquid diet without ethanol was given to control rats. Risperidone (1 and 2 mg/kg), quetiapine (8 and 16 mg/kg), ziprasidone (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and vehicle were injected into rats intraperitoneally at 1.5 and 5.5 h of ethanol withdrawal. At the 2nd, 4th and 6th hours of ethanol withdrawal, rats were observed for 5 min, and withdrawal signs that included locomotor hyperactivity, stereotyped behaviors, abnormal gait and posture, tail stiffness and agitation were recorded or rated. Following the observations at the 6th hour, the rats were tested for audiogenic seizures. All three drugs had some significant inhibitory effects on EWS-induced behavioral signs beginning at the 2nd hour of withdrawal. The drugs also significantly reduced the incidence of audiogenic seizures. Overall, risperidone and quetiapine seemed to be more effective than ziprasidone in ameliorating the withdrawal signs. Doses of the drugs used in the present study did not produce any significant changes in locomotor activities of naïve rats. Our results suggest that risperidone, quetiapine and ziprasidone had beneficial effects on EWS in rats. Thus, these drugs may be helpful for controlling withdrawal signs in ethanol-dependent patients.     

从机体TRP寒热感受环节挖掘中药四气的现代科学内涵

中药药性理论是传统中医药理论体系不可分割的重要组成部分,在中医临床遣方用药过程中发挥着重要的理论指导作用。在这一理论体系中,中药的四性理论又处于核心和主导位置,是中药性质和作用完整表述不可或缺的组成部分。该文结合自身的研究体会,在对TRP通道蛋白与机体寒热感受和温度调节相关性分析和总结的基础上,提出从现代生物学的最新发现———机体寒热感受环节诠释寒热药性的现代科学内涵,应是中药四气理论体系现代化研究取得突破性进展的有效途径。     

桂枝汤药物规律性组合及其类方系统结合病机理论探讨“证”内涵(二)

用文献和数据挖掘的方法和方药——病机——证的逆向思维,从桂枝汤的药物规律性组合及其类方系统与证机相关性来探讨"证"的内涵。得出"证"内涵具有如下特性:功能关系性、整体关联性、动态时空性、模型性、多维意象性。     

人类爱情内涵初探

"爱情"一词,有着丰富的内涵,至今仍是人世间最动人心弦、最令人迷茫惶惑的千古难解之谜。在许多自认为沉浸在爱情的人们中,不少人实际上并不真正懂得什么是"爱情",也不一定懂得需要什么样的"爱情"才最能有助于在婚姻生活中获得真正的幸福和丰富的欢愉与美满。本文主要从爱情内涵的分析,不断认识人类爱情的本质,从而对追求爱情的人们提供科学的指导。     

Market incentives and pharmaceutical innovation

I study the impact of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA), which established tax incentives for rare disease drug development. I examine the flow of new clinical drug trials for a large set of rare diseases. Among more prevalent rare diseases, the ODA led to a significant and sustained increase in new trials. The impact for less prevalent rare diseases was limited to an increase in the stock of drugs. Tax credits can stimulate R & D; yet because they leave revenue margins unaffected, tax credits appear to have a more limited impact on private innovation in markets with smaller revenue potential.     

中医音乐治疗的现代医学价值与文化内涵

在各类史料和医书中记载了各种形式的音乐治疗医案,随着现代科学的发展,这些案例中古老的音乐治疗原理获得了现代科学的解读,除了声波治疗、诱发"α波"、音乐引导想象等具有现代医学价值的内容被揭示外,其自然疗法的特点对现代医学亦有借鉴意义。古代音乐治疗医案的文化内涵,体现在中医文化和古代音乐治疗思想具有多层次同构关系,即从微观的医理与乐理简单的理论对应,到中观的共同的文化基因,直至由宏观的人类学视角,体现出"本民族""本土化"的健康理念和生命意识。     

中医“以饮论治”鼻鼽的理论浅述

鼻鼽,又称"鼽嚏",为中医耳鼻咽喉科疾病。祖国医学对本病的认识由来已久,在历代医家经过长期的实践后,对本病的认识逐渐深刻,尤其在临证方面亦积累了丰富的经验。近年来,导师根据本病的发病特点和诊治规律,首次提出"以饮论治"鼻鼽的学术观点,是对中医论治鼻鼽理论体系的丰富和延展。笔者试从理、法、方、药角度,来浅述中医"以饮论治"鼻鼽的理论内涵。     

新概念：理论前提，揭示概念内涵、朝向现代科学——现代中医基础理论系列研究（上篇Ⅰ）

中医基础理论是中医药的理论基础,中医药现代化迫切需求现代中医理论。然而,关于现代中医理论应当如何建立,以及应当建立起什么样的理论一直是国内外中医药同行所关注和探讨的重要议题。为引领现代中医理论的发展,本期“专论”栏目特设“现代中医基础理论”系列专题讨论,分别以上、中、下三个篇幅连续展开深入系统地论述。其中,上篇包含新概念、新理论、新学科三篇文章;中篇包含新理念、新规范、怎样明确概念、如何检验假说、为何评价理论5 篇文章;下篇包含整体观念更新、辨证论治发展、脏象学说创新、病因、发病、病机、预防、治则、知识结构、认知结构、专题探讨、展望5 年前景12 篇文章。本期刊发的是上篇“新概念”第一篇文章。本文从中医基础理论新概念层面,借鉴国际学术界对科学概念的认识,从概念的标签、理论定义和操作性定义三方面,阐述现代中医基础理论这一新概念的外延和内涵,论证理论前提对现代中医基础理论研究和建立的必要性,说明走向现代科学的必然趋向。全文立义深刻,有一定突破创新。希望由此引发各位专家学者的关注和讨论。