基于共生理论的国家医联体绩效考核指标分析及优化

基于共生理论,从共生单位、共生环境、共生模式和共生界面4个要素入手,分析国家医联体绩效考核指标中存在问题。国家医联体绩效考核指标的横向可比性有待增强,部分指标标准未统一,指标导向性不强。由此总结出加强医联体绩效考核的导向性作用,强化指标的横向可比性,将医联体文化融合的指标纳入医联体绩效考核四项措施。     

茯苓多糖及三萜类成分抗肿瘤的研究进展

目的：恶性肿瘤已成为严重威胁人类健康的公共卫生问题,中草药因“简、便、廉、验”,通过“多成分-多靶点-多通路”发挥抗肿瘤作用成为研究热点。该文总结近年来茯苓主要活性成分三萜类、多糖类等化合物抗肿瘤的研究进展并加以述评,以期为茯苓抗肿瘤提供客观且全面的研究参考。方法：对PubMed、谷歌学术和中国知网（CNKI）等数据库进行文献搜索,搜索时间跨度为1995至2022年,关键词定义为茯苓和恶性肿瘤,文献包括基础研究、临床观察和综述。结果：检索结果显示茯苓主要活性成分以茯苓酸为代表的三萜类、以茯苓多糖为代表的多糖类等化合物在抑制恶性肿瘤增殖与诱导凋亡、抑制侵袭转移、调节患者免疫功能及提高生活质量等方面表现出广泛的药理作用。另外,茯苓的栽培方式、用药部位、生长环境、采收周期、用药剂型、加工方式等均影响茯苓不同有效成分的含量。结论：茯苓多糖及三萜类成分在抗肿瘤方面具有较大的潜力,但仍面临着创新性不足和缺乏高质量临床试验的问题。中药茯苓各方面质控标准化的缺失可能会影响茯苓发挥其最大程度的抗肿瘤作用,亟待个性化、标准化的质控标准出台。茯苓抗肿瘤具备一定的科学性和良好的应用前景,但从基础研究到实际应用...     

Functional Health Literacy: Psychometric Properties of the Newest Vital Sign for Portuguese Adolescents (NVS-PTeen)

Self-management of health requires skills to obtain, process, understand, and use health-related information. Assessment of adolescents’ functional health literacy requires valid, reliable, and low-burden tools. The main objective of this study was to adapt and study the psychometric properties of the Newest Vital Sign for the Portuguese adolescents’ population (NVS-PTeen). Classic psychometric indicators of reliability and validity were combined with item response theory (IRT) analyses in a cross-sectional survey, complemented with a 3-month test-retest assessment. The NVS-PTeen was self-administered to students enrolled in grades 8 to 12 (12 to 17 years old) in a school setting. Overall, 386 students (191 girls) from 16 classes of the same school participated in the study (mean age = 14.5; SD = 1.5). Internal reliability of the NVS-PTeen was α = 0.60. The NVS-PTeen total score was positively and significantly correlated with Portuguese (r = 0.28) and mathematics scores (r = 0.31), school years (r = 0.31), and age (r = 0.19). Similar to the original scale (for the U.S.), the NVS-PTeen is composed of two dimensions, reading-related literacy and numeracy. Temporal reliability is adequate, though with a learning effect. IRT analyses revealed differences in difficulty and discriminative capacity among items, all with adequate outfit and infit values. Results showed that the NVS-PTeen is valid and reliable, sensible to inter-individual educational differences, and adequate for regular screening of functional health literacy in adolescents.     

Social tariffs and democratic choice—Do population‐based health state values reflect the will of the people?

In economic evaluations of health technologies, health outcomes are commonly measured in terms of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). QALYs are the product of time and health‐related quality of life. Health‐related quality of life, in turn, is determined by a social tariff, which is supposed to reflect the public's preference over health states. This study argues that, because of the tariff's role in the societal decision‐making process, it should not be understood as merely an operational (statistical) definition of health, but as a major instrument of democratic participation. I outline what implications this might have for both the method used to aggregate individual preferences, and the set of individuals whose preferences should count. Alternative tariff specifications and decision rules are explored, and future research directions are proposed.     

叙事医学视域下的“病为本，工为标”

“病为本, 工为标”是中医对医疗活动中医患的主从关系的论述, 强调患者的地位及医患配合的重要性, 这与叙事医学理论构建中的“主体间性”理念有着相似之处。文章旨在通过对“病为本, 工为标”进行阐释, 结合叙事医学原理钩沉, 尤其侧重对主客间性进行挖掘, 拓展其现代价值, 为中国叙事医学发展助力。     

基于络病理论从芳香通络疗法论治冠状动脉微循环障碍

近年来,随着冠脉介入诊疗技术的普及,冠状动脉微循环障碍（CMD）的检出率逐步升高,CMD已成为远期心血管事件的独立预测因子。络病理论认为CMD病位在络,病机为心络瘀阻、心络郁滞/虚滞和心络绌急,通络成为其基本的治法治则。芳香类药物可直接入络搜邪,芳香通络疗法较单纯活血通络法疗效更佳。故而从络病理论、芳香通络疗法的立法依据等方面,对芳香通络疗法治疗CMD进行论述。     

浮针治疗梨状肌综合征的疗效观察

目的:观察浮针在梨状肌综合征的临床应用效果。方法:本研究回顾性分析2017年7月1日—2018年6月30日宁波市中医院80例急性发病的梨状肌综合征患者,其中40例对照组患者采用常规药物及物理治疗,40例观察组患者在上述基础上以解剖列车理论为指导进行浮针治疗。两组患者均完成了随访。比较两组治疗后疼痛(VAS评分)、患髋关节Harris评分、患者满意度。结果:治疗前两组患者一般资料、疼痛VAS评分、患髋关节Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者疼痛VAS评分均较治疗前下降,观察组患者疼痛(VAS)评分治疗后24 h(6.5±0.5)分、7 d(3.4±0.5)分、14 d(2.1±0.3)分,较对照组术后24 h(7.9±0.6)分、7 d(5.2±0.5)分、14 d(3.6±0.5)明显下降(P0.05);治疗后两组患者髋关节Harris评分均较治疗前上升,观察组患者髋关节(Harris)评分治疗后24 h(55.6±1.1)分、7 d(68.5±1.8)、14 d(80.3±1.7)分,较对照组术后24 h(43.7±1.2)分、7 d(54.6±1.3)、14 d(63.0±1.4)分明显上升(P0.05);患者满意度观察组(92.5%)较对照组(72.5%)增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:合理运用浮针治疗,疼痛感触明显减轻、功能和患者的满意度显著提高。     

八珍汤对腰椎间盘突出症微创孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除患者的疼痛及生活质量的影响

目的:探究八珍汤对腰椎间盘突出症微创孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除患者的疼痛及生活质量的影响。方法:选取余姚市人民医院脊柱外科 2019年 2月—2020年 2月选取腰椎间盘突出症微创孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除患者,将患者随机分成两组,每组 65例,对照组行常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用八珍汤治疗。观察比较治疗 1个月后两组患者的疼痛情况、脊柱功能障碍情况,以及生活质量。结果:治疗前,患者视觉模拟(VAS)评分比较差异无统计学意义;治疗后,两组 VAS评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。治疗前,患者脊柱功能障碍( ODI)评分比较差异无统计学意义;治疗后,两组 VAS评分均低于治疗前,但两组差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腰椎间盘突出症微创孔镜下椎间盘髓核摘除患者加用八珍汤治疗,能够有效缓解疼痛,提升生活质量。     

童年期居住环境卫生对农村居民中老年期慢性病患病的影响研究

目的探讨童年期居住环境卫生对农村居民中老年期慢性病患病的影响, 并检验童年期健康状况在其中的中介效应。方法基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2018年最新调查和2014年生命历程调查共同访问的12 506名农村居民数据, 运用χ2检验、秩和检验、logistic回归分析模型、倾向评分加权法、负二项回归模型和KHB分析法进行分析。结果调整其他混杂因素后, 相比童年期居住环境卫生较好的农村居民, 童年居住环境卫生较差的中老年农村居民患哮喘风险提高23.7%(OR=1.237, 95%CI:1.060～1.445), 患肝脏疾病、肾脏疾病和消化系统疾病的风险增加16.4%(OR=1.164, 95%CI:1.006～1.347)、22.4%(OR=1.224, 95%CI:1.083～1.383)和19.6%(OR=1.196, 95%CI:1.103～1.296), 患血脂异常和心脏病的可能性上升了26.6%(OR=1.266, 95%CI:1.153～1.390)和13.6%(OR=1.136, 95%CI:1.031～1.253)。负二项回归模型分析结果显示, 童年居住环境卫生较差的中老年农村...