肿瘤突变负荷位点检测准确性评价

目的使用肿瘤突变负荷国家参考品中高置信SNP/Indel位点标准集的参考品,评价肿瘤突变负荷检测试剂盒的位点检测准确性。方法采用TMB检测试剂盒(可逆末端终止测序法)检测肿瘤突变负荷检测国家参考品中高置信SNP/Indel位点标准集的参考品。首先将DNA片段化处理,进行末端修复、接头连接和文库扩增等步骤后构建文库;然后将文库杂交捕获;最后使用NextSeq 550 Dx基因测序仪进行测序。结果TMB-14-2%、TMB-14-5%和TMB-14-10%参考品的突变检测准确性分别为89.00%、95.20%、95.80%。结论高置信SNP/Indel位点标准集的参考品,能够用于评价肿瘤突变负荷检测试剂盒的位点检测准确性。     

招收飞行学员远视力标准降至0.8后屈光状态分析

目的探讨招收飞行学员远视力标准降至08后,视力合格学生的屈光状态。方法2012年3月—2013年3月参检学生290名,按照每只眼的远视力分组,视力0.8~0.9分为A组、1.0~2.0分为B组,2组学生散瞳后接受检影验光,观察其屈光状态。结果A组90.47%的参检学生眼屈光度在体检标准合格范围内,B组90.77%的参检学生眼屈光度在体检标准合格范围内,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05)。结论招收飞行学员远视力标准降至0.8后,眼屈光度在体检标准合格范围内,合格人数大幅增加,满足了招飞需求。     

Alcohol content variation of bar and restaurant drinks in Northern California

Objective:  To estimate the average of and sources of variation in the alcohol content of drinks served on premise in 10 Northern Californian counties.
Methods:  Focus groups of bartenders were conducted to evaluate potential sources of drink alcohol content variation. In the main study, 80 establishments were visited by a team of research personnel who purchased and measured the volume of particular beer, wine, and spirit drinks. Brand or analysis of a sample of the drink was used to determine the alcohol concentration by volume.
Results:  The average wine drink was found to contain 43% more alcohol than a standard drink, with no difference between red and white wine. The average draught beer was 22% greater than the standard. Spirit drinks differed by type with the average shot being equal to one standard drink while mixed drinks were 42% greater. Variation in alcohol content was particularly wide for wine and mixed spirit drinks. No significant differences in mean drink alcohol content were observed by county for beer or spirits but one county was lower than two others for wine.
Conclusions:  On premise drinks typically contained more alcohol than the standard drink with the exception of shots and bottled beers. Wine and mixed spirit drinks were the largest with nearly 1.5 times the alcohol of a standard drink on average. Consumers should be made aware of these substantial differences and key sources of variation in drink alcohol content, and research studies should utilize this information in the interpretation of reported numbers of drinks.     

Effects of dairy products consumption on inflammatory biomarkers among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AimsThis study aimed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of dairy consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in adults and to quantify these effects through meta-analysis.Data synthesisA comprehensive search of all relevant articles, published up to December 2019 indexed in PubMed, ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), EmBase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was done using relevant keywords. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of dairy products consumption, compared with low or no dairy intake, on inflammatory biomarkers in adults were included. Overall, 11 RCTs with 663 participants were included in this meta-analysis. We found that high consumption of dairy products, compared with low or no dairy intake, might significantly reduce CRP [weighed mean difference (WMD): −0.24 mg/L; 95% CI, −0.35, −0.14], TNF-α (WMD:- 0.66 pg/mL; 95% CI, −1.23, −0.09), IL-6 (WMD: −0.74 pg/mL; 95% CI, −1.36, −0.12), and MCP concentrations (WMD: −25.58 pg/mL; 95% CI, −50.31, −0.86). However, when the analyses were confined to cross-over trials, no such beneficial effects of dairy intake on inflammation were observed. In addition, high dairy intake might result in increased adiponectin levels (WMD: 2.42 μg/mL; 95% CI, 0.17, 4.66). No significant effect of dairy consumption on serum leptin (WMD: −0.32 ng/mL; 95% CI, −3.30, 2.65), ICAM-1 (WMD: −3.38 ng/ml; 95% CI, −15.57, 8.96) and VCAM-1 (WMD: 3.1 ng/mL; 95% CI, −21.38, 27.58) levels was observed.ConclusionsIn summary, the current meta-analysis indicated that dairy intake might improve several inflammatory biomarkers in adults. In most subgroups without heterogeneity, effects tended to be null. Study design and participants’ age were the main sources of heterogeneity. More research, with a particular focus on fat content of dairy foods, is recommended.     

Relation between HbA1c and incident cardiovascular disease over a period of 6 years in the Hong Kong population

Aim

The current trend on diabetes management advocates replacing the paradigm from a uniform to an individualized patient-centered haemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) target, but there is no consensus on the optimal HbA_1c level. The study aimed at examining the association between HbA_1c and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) for diabetic patients with different characteristics, in order to identify patient-centered treatment targets.

Screening for hypertension in young people with obesity: Feasibility in the real life

Background and aimScreening for pediatric hypertension (HTN) is based on several measurements of blood pressure (BP) in different visits. We aimed to assess its feasibility in outpatient youths with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) in terms of adherence to two-repeated measurements of BP and to show the features of youths who missed the follow-up and the predictive role of clinical and/or anamnestic features on confirmed HTN.Methods and resultsSix hundred, eighty-eight youths (9–17 years) with OW/OB, consecutively recruited, underwent a first measurement of BP. Those exhibiting BP levels within the hypertensive range were invited to repeat a second measurement within 1–2 weeks. Confirmed HTN was diagnosed when BP in the hypertensive range was confirmed at the second measurement. At entry, 174 youths (25.1%) were classified as hypertensive. At the second visit, 66 youths (37.9%) were lost to follow-up. In the remaining 108 participants, HTN was confirmed in 59, so that the prevalence of confirmed HTN was 9.5% in the overall sample; it was higher in adolescents than children (15.9% vs 6.8%, P = 0.001). HTN at first visit showed the best sensitivity (100%) and a good specificity (91%) for confirmed HTN. The association of HTN at first visit plus familial HTN showed high specificity (98%) and positive predictive value of 70%.ConclusionThe high drop-out rate confirms the real difficulty to obtain a complete diagnostic follow up in the obese population. Information about family history of HTN may assist pediatricians in identifying those children who are at higher risk of confirmed HTN.     

Occupational Characteristics of Adults with Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury

Background:

Employment rates among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are lower than in the general population and little is known about the specific occupations in which they are employed.

Objectives:

To describe specific occupations of adults with pediatric-onset SCI using the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system and to determine associations between SOC occupations and demographic factors.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data specific to education and employment were collected from the last interviews of a larger longitudinal study. Occupations were categorized according to the 2010 SOC system. SOC groups were compared within gender level of injury and final education.

Results:

Of the 461 total participants 219 (47.5%) were employed and specific occupations were available for 179. Among the SOC groups Education Law Community Service Arts and Media Occupations were most prevalent (30.2%) followed by Management Business and Finance Occupations (21.1%) Computer Engineering and Science Occupations (10.6%) Administrative and Office Support Occupations (10.0%) Service Occupations (7.3%) Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations (3.9%) and Production Occupations (3.4%). Differences were found in the distribution of SOC groups between gender levels of injury and final education groups.

Conclusion:

A wide variety of occupations were reported in adults with pediatric-onset SCI generally in concordance with final education and functional ability levels.     

抗埃博拉期间利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护相关知识、态度与行为调查

目的 了解利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为水平。方法 采用基于国际标准隔离防护指南设计的《医护人员标准隔离防护知信行》英文量表,通过涵盖一般情况,标准隔离防护知识、态度及行为等32个条目的问卷对中国解放军援利医疗队所在的埃博拉诊疗中心的护理人员进行调查。结果 问卷由80名护理人员填写,有效回收率71.25%。其标准隔离防护知识、态度和行为的平均得分分别是(7.4±1.1)分、(36.4±4.6)分、(6.6±1.9)分。经Spearman相关系数检验,护理人员标准隔离防护的知识与态度、态度与行为间存在正向线性相关关系,而知识与行为间相关关系不显著。结论 在经济落后、医疗卫生保健体系岌岌可危的利比里亚,世界卫生援助机构对当地护理人员的埃博拉病毒病相关隔离防护实践培训一定程度上提升了其隔离防护的行为水准。但由于缺乏系统的标准隔离防护理论培训,以及政府不能提供充足的隔离防护用品,利比里亚护理人员对标准隔离防护的态度仍存在一定的提升空间,这将影响国际援助撤离后利比里亚护理人员标准隔离防护的行为水平。