渝西地区幽门螺杆菌对左氧氟沙星耐药状况的研究

目的:为渝西地区合理使用左氧氟沙星治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染提供参考。方法:选取2009年与2013年各100例Hp检测阳性患者,通过药敏试验观察Hp对左氧氟沙星的耐药情况,并选取2012-2013年的200例Hp检测阳性患者比较包含左氧氟沙星的三联与四联疗法的临床疗效和安全性。结果:2009年Hp对左氧氟沙星的耐药率为4%,而2013年上升为12%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。雷贝拉唑+阿莫西林+左氧氟沙星三联方案与雷贝拉唑+枸椽酸铋钾+阿莫西林+左氧氟沙星四联方案首次治疗Hp根除率分别为78%与92%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对于三联方案治疗失败的患者,再次使用四联方案Hp根除率为86%;两种方案不良反应发生率分别为13%与16%,二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:渝西地区Hp对左氧氟沙星的耐药率升高迅速,不适合将包含左氧氟沙星的标准三联方案作为首次根除Hp的治疗方案,而包含左氧氟沙星的四联方案效果较好,且安全、可靠。     

六君子丸联合四联疗法提高脾胃虚弱型Hp感染者根除率的研究

目的探究六君子丸联合四联疗法治疗脾胃虚弱型幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）感染者的临床效果。方法选取2010年8月—2013年5月在我院就诊的600例因Hp感染引发消化性溃疡的患者,其中脾胃虚弱型Hp感染者72例,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每组36例。对照组采用四联疗法,观察组在此基础上加用六君子丸,观察比较两组患者的治疗效果及Hp根除率。结果对照组总有效率为88.9%,观察组总有效率为91.7%,两组的总有效率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;对照组患者Hp根除率为66.7%,观察组患者Hp根除率为83.3%。观察组Hp根除率明显高于对照组,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论采用六君子丸联合四联疗法能够显著提高脾胃虚弱型Hp感染者的根除率,值得临床借鉴使用。     

序贯疗法与标准四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌根除失败后补救治疗的疗效分析

近年经典三联疗法的幽门螺杆菌（11．pylori）根除疗效明显降低,选择有效补救疗法对Hpylori根除失败者有重要意义。目的：比较序贯疗法与标准四联疗法对且pylori根除失败者的疗效。方法：将98例Hpylori根除失败者随机分为序贯疗法组（前5d予奥美拉唑20mg＋阿莫西林1000mgbid,后5d予奥美拉唑20mg＋左氧氟沙星200mg＋克拉霉素500mgbid）和标准四联疗法组（予奥美拉唑20mg＋胶体次枸橼酸铋钾220mg＋阿莫西林1000mg＋克拉霉素500mgbid,疗程7d）。停药4周后复查”C一尿素呼气试验,评估Hpylori根除疗效。结果：共95例患者完成方案,序贯疗法组11Tr和PP分析的Hpylori根除率均显著高于标准四联疗法组（ITF：89．8％对71,4％,PP：91．7％对74。5％,P〈0．05）,序贯疗法组临床症状改善的总有效率亦显著高于标准四联疗法组（95．8％对80．9％,P〈0．05）,两组不良反应发生率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：对Hpylori根除治疗失败的患者,序贯疗法和标准四联疗法均可作为有效的补救治疗方案,但10d序贯疗法的疗效优于7d标准四联疗法。     

含铋剂和克拉霉素的四联根除方案在幽门螺杆菌一线治疗中的作用

背景：近年经典三联方案对幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）感染的根除疗效明显下降,建立新型、安全和高效的一线标准治疗方案是临床工作的当务之急。目的：评估含铋剂和克拉霉素的四联方案作为H.pylori一线治疗方案的疗效和安全性。方法：120例胃镜诊断为非溃疡性消化不良的H.pylori感染患者随机分为3组：7 d三联组（奥美拉唑20 mgbid＋阿莫西林1000 mg bid＋克拉霉素500 mg bid,疗程7 d）、7 d四联组（7 d三联方案＋枸橼酸铋钾220 mg bid,疗程7 d）和2周四联组（方案同7 d四联组,疗程2周）。治疗结束后至少4周行13C-尿素呼气试验以评估根除疗效。H.pylori分离菌株行克拉霉素、甲硝唑和阿莫西林药敏试验。结果：115例患者按方案完成治疗。7 d三联组、7 d四联组和2周四联组按意向治疗（ITT）分析H.pylori根除率分别为70.0%、75.0%和90.0%,按方案（PP）分析分别为73.7%、76.9%和94.7%。2周四联组ITT和PP根除率均显著高于7 d三联组（P〈0.05）,PP根除率显著高于7 d四联组（P=0.026）,而7 d三联组ITT和PP根除率与7 d四联组相比均无明显差异。H.pylori对克拉霉素、甲硝唑和阿莫西林的耐药率分别为24.2%、48.3%和0%,7 d三联组、7 d四联组和2周四联组对克拉霉素耐药菌株的根除率逐渐升高（37.5%、55.6%、80.0%）,但差异无统计学意义。除2周四联组中1例患者因皮肤过敏而未完成治疗外,其余患者的不良反应相似且轻微,耐受性良好。结论：含铋剂和克拉霉素的2周四联方案可明显提高H.pylori根除疗效,且安全性较高,可作为H.pylori一线治疗的标准方案。     

Quadruple therapy with moxifloxacin and bismuth for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori

AIM: To compare triple therapy vs quadruple therapy for 10 d as first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.METHODS: Consecutive H. pylori positive patients never treated in the past for this infection were randomly treated with triple therapy of pantoprazole (PAN) 20 mg bid, amoxicillin (AMO) 1 g bid and moxifloxacin (MOX) 400 mg bid for 10 d (PAM) or with quadruple therapy of PAN 20 mg bid, AMO 1 g bid, MOX 400 mg bid and bismuth subcitrate 240 mg bid for 10 d (PAMB). All patients were found positive at 13 C-Urea breath test (UBT) performed within ten days prior to the start of the study. A successful outcome was confirmed with an UBT performed 8 wk after the end of treatment. χ² analysis was used for statistical comparison. Per protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) values were also calculated.RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in the PAM group and 50 in the PAMB group. One patient in each group did not return for further assessment. Eradication was higher in the PAMB group (negative: 46 and positive: 3) vs the PAM group (negative: 44 and positive: 12). The H. pylori eradication rate was statistically significantly higher in the PAMB group vs the PAM group, both with the PP and ITT analyses (PP: PAMB 93.8%, PAM 78.5%, P < 0.02; ITT: PAMB 92%, PAM 77.1 %, P <0.03).CONCLUSION: The addition of bismuth subcitrate can be considered a valuable adjuvant to triple therapy in those areas where H. pylori shows a high resistance to fluoroquinolones.     

Genetic alterations in quadruple malignancies of a patient with multiple sclerosis: their role in malignancy development and response to therapy

Multiple cancers represent 2.42% of all human cancers and are mainly double or triple cancers. Many possible causes of multiple malignancies have been reported such as genetic alterations, exposure to anti-cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy and reduced immunologic response. We report a female patient with multiple sclerosis and quadruple cancers of different embryological origin. Patient was diagnosed with stage III (T3, N1a, MO) medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), multicentric micropapillary thyroid carcinoma, scapular and lumbar melanomas (Clark II, Breslow II), and lobular invasive breast carcinoma (T1a, NO, MO). All tumors present in our patient except micropapillary thyroid carcinomas were investigated for gene alterations known to have a key role in cancer promotion and progression. Tumor samples were screened for the p16 alterations (loss of heterozygosity and homozygous deletions), loss of heterozygosity of PTEN, p53 alterations (mutational status and loss of heterozygosity) and mutational status of RET, HRAS and KRAS. Each type of tumor investigated had specific pattern of analyzed genetic alterations. The most prominent genetic changes were mutual alterations in PTEN and p53 tumor suppressors present in breast cancer and two melanomas. These co-alterations could be crucial for promoting development of multiple malignancies. Moreover the insertion in 4^th codon of HRAS gene was common for all tumor types investigated. It represents frameshift mutation introducing stop codon at position 5 which prevents synthesis of a full-length protein. Since the inactivated RAS enhances sensitivity to tamoxifen and radiotherapy this genetic alteration could be considered as a good prognostic factor for this patient.     

消化内镜联合四联疗法对胃溃疡伴活动性出血的疗效观察及再出血原

目的 观察消化内镜联合四联疗法对胃溃疡伴活动性出血的治疗效果,并分析其再出血的相关危险因素。方法 选取2016年9月至2018年9月焦作煤业集团有限责任公司中央医院消化科收治的88例胃溃疡伴活动性出血患者作为研究对象,并按照入院顺序单双号将其分为观察组与对照组,每组44例,观察组患者采用消化内镜联合四联疗法治疗,对照组患者单纯采用四联疗法治疗,对比两组患者的临床疗效,观察两组患者治疗后再出血的发生情况,并分析再出血的相关危险因素。结果 治疗2周后,观察组患者临床疗效明显优于对照组（Mann-Whitney U=708.500,Z=-2.380,P=0.017）;经多因素Logistic回归分析发现,血红蛋白含量低、溃疡为A1期及未联合消化内镜治疗是患者再出血的独立危险因素（OR=1.792、1.165、1.879,P=0.015、0.022、0.031）。结论 胃溃疡伴活动性出血患者应用消化内镜联合四联疗法治疗,可有效提高治疗效果,降低再出血发生率,且患者血红蛋白含量低及溃疡为A1期也是胃溃疡伴活动性出血患者再出血的独立危险因素,应加以重视。     

不同方案根除幽门螺旋杆菌效果对比分析

目的观察以质子泵抑制剂（PPI）为基础的不同方案根除幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）的效果。方法选择经内镜下活检病理及快速尿素酶试验确诊的1203例Hp感染患者,根除Hp疗程结束4周以上复查13C-尿素呼气试验,回顾性分析不同根除Hp方案疗效。所有患者均采用PPI为基础（埃索美拉唑、雷贝拉唑、兰索美拉唑、泮托拉唑、奥美拉唑,常规量每日2次）＋不同抗菌药物的三联或四联方案,用药疗程分为7、10、14d。A组421例：阿莫西林1．0g,2次／d,克拉霉素0．5g,2次／d;B组49例：阿莫西林1．0g,2次／d,左氧氟沙星0．2g,2次／d;C组69例：阿莫西林1．0g,2次／d,甲硝唑0．4g,2次／d;D组559例：克拉霉素0．5g,2次／d,左氧氟沙星0．2g,2次／d;E组105例：克拉霉素0．5g,2次／d,甲硝唑0．4g,2次／d。铋剂均为胶体果胶铋200mg,20：／a。结果含阿莫西林组Hp根除率为84．04％（453／539）,不含阿莫西林组为69．12％（459／664）,前者明显优于后者（X。=36．104,P=0．000）,Hp的根除率可提高14．92％。四联疗法根除率76．85％（767／998）,三联疗法根除率70．73％（145／205）,但两组之间疗效比较差异无统计学意义（x。=3．476,P=0．062）。7、10、14d疗程根除率分别为71．07％（199／280）、75．79％（579／764）、84．28％（134／159）,3个疗程疗效差异有统计学意义（X2=9．644,P：0．008）,14d疗程Hp根除率明显优于7、10d疗程,差异均有统计学意义X2值分别为11．719,5．399,P值分别为0．001,0．020）,7、10d两组间根除率差异无统计学意义（X2=2．398,P=0．121）。A组Hp根除率84．80％（357／421）、B组81．63％（40／49）、C组81．16％（56／69）,优于D组69．95％（391／559）、E组64．76％（68／105）,不同抗菌药联合根除Hp疗效对比差异有统计学意义（X2=37．999,P=0．000）。结论根除Hp治疗中应以PPI为基础,首选阿莫西林与克拉霉素联合用药的三联或四联14d疗程治疗方案,其临床疗效值得推广。     

Restoration of Atrophic Edentulous Maxilla of a Patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia Using Quadruple Zygomatic Implants: A Case Report

Rehabilitation of patients with ectodermal dysplasia often presents clinical challenge due to hypodontia, anodontia, and severe atrophy of edentulous ridges. Zygomatic implant therapy can be used as a method of achieving osseointegration without bone grafting in such situations. This clinical report describes the dental rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla of a 26-year old female patient with a fixed prosthesis, immediately loaded on four zygomatic implants.