呼吸机相关性肺炎与血清降钙素原水平

目的 通过测定血清降钙素原(PCT)水平,探讨PCT在诊断治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的价值.方法 对30例VAP患者于确诊48 h内行PCT、血沉(ESR)及外周血白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞(N)比例及体温(T)测定.同时设20例非VAP组及10例健康对照组行相关指标检查.结果 VAP组PCT高于非VAP组...     

Usefulness of procalcitonin for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia

OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive capacity for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of serum procalcitonin levels before and on the day it is suspected. DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-center observational study in the intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients whose serum procalcitonin levels were available on the day that VAP was clinically suspected (day 1) and at some time within the preceding 5 days ("before"). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Serum procalcitonin levels were determined on day 1 and "before". Among the 73 suspected episodes VAP was confirmed by quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage cultures in 32 and refuted in 41. Respective median "before" procalcitonin levels were 1.89 ng/ml (interquartile range 0.18-6.01) and 2.14 (0.76-5.75) in patients with and without VAP, but their respective median day-1 procalcitonin levels did not differ: 1.07[Symbol: see text]ng/ml (0.39-6.57) vs. 1.40 (0.67-3.39). On day 1 a 0.5[Symbol: see text]ng/ml procalcitonin threshold had 72% sensitivity but only 24% specificity for diagnosing VAP. Between "before" and day 1, procalcitonin increased in 41% and 15% of patients with and without VAP, respectively. Thus a procalcitonin rise on day 1, compared to its "before" level, had 41% sensitivity and 85% specificity for diagnosing VAP, with respective positive and negative predictive values of 68% and 65%. CONCLUSIONS: Crude values and procalcitonin rise had poor diagnostic value for VAP in this particular setting and thus should not be used to initiate antibiotics when VAP is clinically suspected.     

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor—A potential diagnostic tool in severe burn injuries?

Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations as well as leucocyte numbers were evaluated in a retrospective study with 23 patients with severe burn injuries. The MIF and PCT concentrations as well as the number of leucocytes (LEU) were monitored over a period of 5 days. The total body surface area (TBSA) and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were also evaluated. The MIF, PCT concentrations and leucocyte counts were profoundly increased in all patients with severe burn wounds. At the time of admission into the intensive care unit, no significant differences were observed for the MIF and PCT levels between patients with a TBSA < 60% (Group 1) and patients with a TBSA > 60% (Group 2). After 48 h, however, the MIF and PCT levels reached very high levels in a subgroup of the patients, whereas these levels became normal again in other subgroups. The group of patients with a TBSA > 60% was, therefore, subdivided in three groups (subgroups 2a–c). The MIF and PCT data pairs in these subgroups appeared to correlate in an inhomogeneous manner. These levels in the subgroup 2a (i.e., lethal within 5 days) were strongly elevated over those observed in Group 1 (TBSA < 60%) and highly increased concentrations of both MIF and PCT correlated with lethal outcome. The combined determination of MIF and PCT might, therefore, be useful to discriminate between post-burn inflammation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis with lethal outcome.     

Pre-emptive antibiotic treatment vs ‘standard’ treatment in patients with elevated serum procalcitonin levels after elective colorectal surgery: a prospective randomised pilot study

Background Procalcitonin (PCT) is regarded as a specific indicator of bacterial infection. Infectious complications in patients after colorectal surgery are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate (a) whether PCT could serve as a negative predictive marker for postoperative complications and (b) whether, in patients with elevated PCT levels, a pre-emptive treatment with the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone is superior to an antibiotic treatment starting later on the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms of infection.Patients and methods By screening 250 patients with colorectal surgery, we identified 20 patients with PCT serum levels more than 1.5 ng/ml on at least 2 of the first 3 postoperative days. The remaining 230 patients were followed-up for the occurrence of infectious complications. The 20 patients with elevated PCT were included in a prospective randomised pilot study comparing pre-emptive antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone vs standard treatment.Results The negative predictive value of PCT for systemic infectious complications was 98.3%. In patients receiving pre-emptive antibiotic treatment (ceftriaxone), both the incidence and the severity of postoperative systemic infections were significantly lower compared to those in a control group (Pearson’s χ ² test; p=0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). Major differences were also observed with respect to duration of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay.Conclusions PCT is an early marker for systemic infectious complications after colorectal surgery with a high negative predictive value. A significant reduction in the rate of postoperative infections in patients with elevated PCT serum concentrations was achieved by means of pre-emptive antibiotic treatment.     

Non-infectious causes of elevated procalcitonin and C-reactive protein serum levels in pediatric patients with hematologic and oncologic disorders

BACKGROUND: Procalcitonin (PCT) is considered a sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic marker of systemic bacterial infection, but its value is questionable in certain clinical conditions, particularly in hemato-oncological patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in 56 patients of a pediatric hematology-oncology unit during 110 consecutive non-infectious febrile episodes related to administration of T-cell antibodies (group A; n = 22), alemtuzumab (monoclonal CD52 antibody, CAMPATH-1H/group B; n = 8), interleukin-2 (IL-2/group C; n = 41), prophylactic donor granulocyte transfusions (group D; n = 9), or to acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD/group E; n = 10) and compared the results with 20 episodes of Gram-negative sepsis (group F). MAIN RESULTS: In the majority of the non-infectious episodes PCT and CRP increased to serum levels statistically indistinguishable from Gram-negative sepsis. Median peak levels of PCT (normal < 0.5 ng/ml)/CRP (normal < 8 mg/l) for groups A-F were 4.34/59.0 (A), 10.14/93.5 (B), 1.11/175.0 (C), 1.43/164 (D), 0.96/34.0 (E), and 8.14 ng/ml /126.0 mg/l (F). Highest single levels were observed in groups A and F. CONCLUSIONS: PCT and CRP are of limited value as diagnostic markers of sepsis during T-cell-directed immunomodulatory treatment, granulocyte support, or acute GvHD.     

Mortality prediction using serum biomarkers and various clinical risk scales in community-acquired pneumonia

We evaluated the predictive value of serum biomarkers and various clinical risk scales for the 28-day mortality of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Serum biomarkers including procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated in the emergency department. Scores for the pneumonia severity index (PSI); CURB65 (confusion, urea, respiration, blood pressure; age >65?years); Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines for severe CAP; Acute Physiology, Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA); and quick SOFA (qSOFA) were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic curves for 28-day mortality were calculated for each predictor using cut-off values, and we applied logistic regression models and area under the curve (AUC) analysis to compare the performance of predictors. Of the 125 enrolled patients, 13 died within 28?days. The AUCs of the PCT and CRP were 0.83 and 0.77, respectively. Using a PCT level >5.6?μg/L as the cut-off, the sensitivity and specificity for mortality were 76.9% and 90.2%, respectively. The three pneumonia severity scales showed an AUC of 0.86 (PSI), 0.87 (IDSA/ATS) and 0.77 (CURB65). The AUCs of the APACHE II, SOFA and qSOFA scores were 0.85, 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. The models combining CRP and/or PCT with PSI or the IDSA/ATS guidelines demonstrated superior performance to those of either PSI or the IDAS/ATS guidelines alone. In conclusion, serum PCT is a reliable single predictor for short-term mortality. Inclusion of CRP and/or PCT could significantly improve the performance of the PSI and IDAS/ATS guidelines.     

尿路感染患者的血清降钙素原水平研究

目的探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）对细菌性尿路感染的诊断价值。方法2006年9月至2007年8月尿路感染患者76例，同期健康对照组30例。检测其入院或门诊当日及第8d的PCT、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血白细胞（WBC）。结果①76例患者中PCT、CRP、血WBC的敏感性分别为90％、92％、48％，特异性分别为89％、56％、94％。②PCT对尿路感染的定位诊断无差异。③PCT水平与尿路感染的轻重有明显相关性（P〈0．05）。结论血清PCT水平对细菌性尿路感染有一定诊断价值，可评估病情的轻重。     

降钙素原、C 反应蛋白在诊断社区获得性肺炎中的价值评价

目的探讨降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、外周血白细胞（WBC）在诊断社区获得性肺炎（CAP）中的诊断价值。方法共纳入因急性发热入院患者共107例,CAP 组59例、急性上呼吸道感染（简称上感）组48例。比较 PCT、IL-6、CRP、WBC 在两组间的差异。根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）,评价4个参数对诊断 CAP 的价值,并得出最佳的诊断截点值。结果PCT、CRP、WBC 在 CAP 组较上感组明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。PCT、IL-6、CRP、WBC 预测 CAP 的 AUC 分别为0．89、0．79、0．91、0．77。PCT、CRP 曲线下面积均高于 IL-6、WBC,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,表明 PCT 和 CRP 对诊断 CAP 可能具有较高的准确性。PCT ＝0．3 ng／ml 时预测 CAP 的敏感度为77．8％,特异度为85．4％,推荐为最佳截点值。CRP ＝120 mg／L 时,其预测 CAP 的敏感度为84．4％,特异度为93．3％,推荐为最佳截点值。结论PCT、CRP 可能是诊断 CAP 有效的生物标志物,可作为传统诊断模式的有效补充。     

两种不同方法检测血清降钙素原的相关性分析

目的 采用快速上转发光法与免疫荧光法检测血清中的降钙素原,比较两种不同方法学的相关性.方法 随机选取100例常规送检血清样本,同时用降钙素原上转发光试剂和免疫荧光试剂进行检测,比较两组结果的一致性.结果 上转发光法降钙素原检测试剂与免疫荧光法降钙素原检测试剂的相关性为0.997,符合率为98％,相关性良好.结论 POCT上转发光快速试剂与荧光免疫试剂达到高度一致的检测结果,可以广泛应用于临床、急诊、移动救护领域等.     

新生儿感染诊断中降钙素原及超敏C-反应蛋白检测的临床意义

目的 探讨采用超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)作为检测指标在新生儿感染诊断中的临床价值.方法 选取本院新生儿科2014年9月至2016年10月期间所收治新生儿60例作为观察对象,所有患儿均经诊断确诊为感染性疾病,将其作为观察组,另选取同期本院体检健康新生儿60例作为对照组,对两组新生儿进行血清降钙素原、超敏C反应蛋白检测,其中超敏C反应蛋白行散射比浊法检测,降钙素原行双抗体夹心精标法检测,对两组新生儿相关指标检测结果进行对比分析.结果 观察组新生儿其白细胞计数、hs-CRP水平、PCT水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同PCT相比,hs-CRP对于新生儿感染性疾病的诊断灵敏度、特异性均处于较低水平;同单一指标检测相比,PCT联合hs-CPR检测对于新生儿感染性疾病的诊断灵敏度、特异性均处于较高水平.结论 在新生儿感染性疾病中,血清超敏C-反应蛋白、降钙素原均存在显著的特异性变化,可作为感染性疾病的鉴别、诊断指标,其中降钙素原对于新生儿感染性疾病的诊断灵敏度、特异性优于超敏C-反应蛋白,采用二者进行联合检测可有效提高对于此类患儿的临床诊断价值.