Client-centred occupational therapy with children: A critical perspective

Abstract

Background: Client-centredness is a central theme within occupational therapy; however, its application within clinical practice has not been thoroughly examined within the literature. Aim: The aim of this practice reflection is to provide a critical perspective on client-centredness in occupational therapy practice with children. Methods: Two action points of the Canadian Practice Process Framework (CPPF): Set the Stage and Agree on Objectives and Plan are applied to examine the concept of client-centred practice using a common practice example. Results: There are multiple benefits to using a client-centred approach to goal setting and developing a therapy plan. Practical challenges to client-centred practice include a lack of time, organizational support, and professional autonomy. Therapists may exert power over clients by enforcing institutional policies that prioritize the client diagnosis and organizational processes. Conclusion: The authors support a client-centred approach to occupational therapy practice with children but suggest that therapists may feel conflicted in trying to apply these principles within the current context of rehabilitation for children. Occupational therapists are encouraged to identify opportunities where they can advocate for a client-centred approach to services.     

基于强化实践的应用型生物医药人才培养模式探讨-以成都大学生物产业学院为例

为加强应用型生物医药人才的培养,该研究以成都大学生物产业学院为例探讨了基于强化实践环节的人才培养模式构建,结合地方产业发展,以行业需求为导向,力争通过完善的专业实践以及社会实践体系来强化人才培养。     

原发性硬化性胆管炎诊断及治疗指南（2021）

2015年我国第一个原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)的专家共识颁布。近年来PSC的临床研究提供了PSC新的研究数据和资料。为此,中华医学会肝病学分会自身免疫性肝病学组组织专家组对近年来的文献证据进行了评估,制定了本指南。本指南共有PSC推荐意见21条。为了利于鉴别PSC和IgG4相关硬化性胆管炎(IgG4-SC),也附有IgG4-SC的10条推荐意见。本指南的目的是为临床PSC和IgG4-SC的诊治提供参考和指导。     

《2021年亚太肝病学会慢性乙型肝炎患者停用核苷（酸）类似物指导意见》摘译

<正>HBV感染目前无法完全根治,强效、安全的核苷(酸)类似物[nucleos(t)ide analog, NUC]长期治疗可通过显著抑制病毒复制,减少肝硬化及相关并发症和肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生,但长期治疗有利有弊。由于NUC抑制病毒作用强、口服方便、耐受性好、不良反应少且轻微等优点,临床应用普遍。但NUC不能完全清除肝细胞内共价闭合环状DNA(cccDNA),难以获得HBsAg清除,HBsAg年转阴率仅为0.15%～0.33%。停用NUC     

2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

AimThis clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered.StructureChest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.     

基于创新人才培养的药学专业实践教学体系的改革与探索

培养创新人才,需要强化实践教学环节,完善实践教学体系,提高学生的学习能力、实践能力和创新能力。在创新人才培养要求下,如何进行药学专业实践教学模式改革以培养学生的创新素养,是药学教育者急需探索的一个重要课题。本文从加强和改进实验教学方法,鼓励学生科研立项,开设设计性综合实验,拓展毕业专题研究,鼓励加入教师科研课题研究等方面进行了基于创新人才培养的药学专业实践教学体系的改革与探索。     

人体生命科学馆作为“三生教育”基地模式的探讨

目的探讨以人体生命科学馆作为实践教育基地的“三生教育”模式,为更好的开展大学生“三生教育”探索新的思路和方法。方法在我校公共卫生学院2010-2012级新生入学教育中,把人体生命科学馆作为实践教育基地开展“三生教育”活动,并进行问卷调查。结果85．7％的人觉得“三生教育”的开展应该理论与实践结合;87．6％的人认为把人体生命科学馆作为“三生教育”实践基地,是一种新的“三生教育”模式,具有较好的效果。结论以人体生命科学馆作为实践教育基地的“三生教育”模式加深学生个人对生命价值和意义的理解,为“三生教育”活动的开展提供较好的思路和方法。     

三级综合医院临床护士胰岛素注射知信行水平现状及行为的影响因素分析

目的了解三级综合医院临床护士胰岛素注射知信行水平及行为的影响因素,为制订针对性的胰岛素注射培训方案提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法,于2020年5月选取某三级综合医院成人病房的169名临床护士作为研究对象,使用自制的基本资料问卷、胰岛素注射知信行问卷进行调查。采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨临床护士胰岛素注射行为的影响因素。结果169名临床护士中,指南知晓率为82.84%(140/169),95.86%(162/169)的护士有患者教育经历,胰岛素注射针刺伤发生率为14.79%(25/169),90.53%(153/169)的护士有接受胰岛素注射系统培训的需求。临床护士胰岛素注射知信行问卷的知识、信念和行为维度得分分别为[60.00(45.00,70.00)]、[50.00(49.00,50.00)]和[85.00(82.00,85.00)]分,问卷总分为[189.00(178.50,200.50)]分。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,知晓指南、接受胰岛素注射操作培训、胰岛素注射针刺伤经历是护士胰岛素注射行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论三级综合医院临床护士的胰岛素注射信念、行为处于较高水平,胰岛素注射知识仍欠缺。在临床胰岛素注射相关培训工作中应注重强化并维持胰岛素规范注射的信念及行为,强调胰岛素注射安全,并结合胰岛素注射技术指南与规范,提高临床护士胰岛素注射知识储备和应用能力。     

Knowledge,attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among COVID-19 patients and their correlation with the outcomes: A cross-sectional study

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among COVID-19 patients and their relation with the outcomes.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among COVID-19 patients (18-year-old or older) consecutively admitted to a dedicated COVID-19 hospital located in northwest Rajasthan, India. Data regarding socio-demographic parameters, KAP, and primary composite outcome (admission to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death) were collected. KAP scores were compared between different demographic variables and primary composite outcomes. Association between different demographic variables, primary composite outcomes, and KAP scores were determined through multivariate linear regression. Besides, the correlation among KAP scores was analyzed. Results: Out of the total 222 patients, most of them (65.76％) had average KAP scores towards COVID-19. The mean scores for knowledge were 7.88, with an overall correct rate of 71.63％; the mean attitude scores were 2.42, with an overall correct rate of 60.50％; the mean practice scores were 5.12, with an overall correct rate of 64.00％. Patients who met the primary composite outcomes had higher knowledge scores, but lower attitude and practice scores. The result showed a significant positive correlation between the level of education, socioeconomic class, and knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Knowledge towards COVID-19 was significantly associated with a positive attitude and good practice. Conclusions: Our findings show that adult COVID-19 patients have average KAP towards COVID-19 among COVID-19 patients. Poor attitude and practice towards COVID-19 are associated with adverse outcomes, so it is suggested to strengthen attitude and practice towards COVID-19 to improve the outcomes.