老年髋部骨折患者围术期“2P-3R”营养管理模式构建

目的构建老年髋部骨折患者围术期营养管理模式,促进患者早手术、早下地、早康复。方法针对老年髋部骨折患者营养管理现状,采用课题研究型品管圈活动进行改进。经过科学循证、专家指导等,从术前、术后及家庭三个环节,骨科、营养科、家庭三个维度,人员、制度、材料设备、方法、信息五个方面,制定三大对策群组并予以实施,包括组建营养支持团队、构建营养管理策略、搭建多维信息交互平台等。结果老年髋部骨折患者首次下地时间缩短为26.7 h,平均住院日缩短为5.6 d,实现了早手术、早下地、早康复的目标。结论对老年髋部骨折患者实施个性化、全流程的序贯性营养干预具有重要意义。后续还需开展大样本多中心研究以进一步验证成效,数据自动采集与智能反馈也是今后研究重点。     

瑞芬太尼与舒芬太尼对老年腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围术期血流动力学影响的比较研究

目的探讨瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼对行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的老年患者围术期f血流动力学的影响。方法选取2019年9月一2020年6月在北部战区总医院行直肠病根治术的老年患者40例,随机分为I组和II组.各20例。I组给予七氟烷联合瑞芬太尼麻醉,II组给予七氟烷联合舒芬太尼麻醉。观察比较两组围术期各时间点脑电双频指数.血压、心率,以及麻醉恢复期情况。结果两组气腹后血压和心率均升高,I组气腹后5minf血压高于II组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。拔除气管导管后5 min两组血压和心率均较术前升高,而且I组血压和心率均较II组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不同时间点脑电双频指数值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。I组自主呼吸恢复时间与拔管时间均较I组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组气腹前后呼气末二氧化碳分压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼均能满足行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者的麻醉要求,而且舒芬太尼对患者围术期血流动力学的影响较小,更有利于老年患者术中麻醉的维持与术后恢复。     

降低腹部手术患者围术期非计划性低体温发生率

体温作为人体五大生命体征之一,是影响机体新陈代谢和生命活动的重要因素。手术患者发生非计划性低体温,可造成不同程度的危害。针对腹部手术患者围术期非计划性低体温发生率高的问题,开展品管圈活动。引入了无线体温监测工具,构建了病房、手术室、复苏室智能链式体温监测方案,制定了术前、术中、术后保温策略等,使腹部手术患者围术期非计划性低体温发生率从43.18%降低至8.51%,保障了患者安全,提升了医疗护理服务质量。     

Interdisciplinary Protocol for Surgery in Older Persons: Development and Implementation

As the population ages, more older adults will undergo surgical procedures, and common physiologic changes can raise the risk for surgical complications while increasing morbidity and mortality. In conjunction with the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, we piloted a comprehensive and interdisciplinary assessment and intervention protocol for perioperative care for patients aged ≥75 years undergoing elective general, gynecology-oncologic, and orthopedic surgery. The intervention included screening tools for cognitive, functional, and nutritional deficits, a Geriatric Nurse Champion on each inpatient surgical unit, and an interdisciplinary Geriatric Surgery Quality Committee. Our intervention group was compared to surgical patients during the same time period 1 year prior to the intervention, and the groups were well matched in demographics and comorbidities. The intervention group had significantly higher rates of advance care plan documentation in analysis of all patients (P < .001) and in subgroup analysis of those 85 and older (P = .006). The preintervention group had less postoperative delirium compared to the postintervention group but it was not significant and there was no difference in length of stay between groups. Various explanations for the minimal impact of the protocol exist: small sample size, presence of other hospital initiatives to reduce pressure ulcer and delirium, and clinician’s awareness of project planning that led to incorporating ideas prior to official implementation. Future research implementing this protocol in naïve and/or underperforming institutions may demonstrate a greater effect. Larger sample size as well as implementation in other surgical fields may reveal a significant impact. However, if additional study does not reveal a meaningful impact of a comprehensive geriatric assessment for surgical patients, then consideration must be made regarding unrecognized factors in surgical care for older adults or perhaps that factors cannot be mitigated in older adults because they are intrinsically a higher surgical risk.     

预防性护理干预在女性垂体瘤切除术患者围手术期的应用效果

目的探讨预防性护理干预在女性垂体瘤切除术患者围手术期的应用效果。方法选取2019年11月至2020年12月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院南区收治的84例女性垂体瘤切除术患者作为研究对象,根据护理方法的不同分为观察组(42例)和对照组(42例),分别实施预防性护理干预和常规护理,比较两组患者术后并发症发生率、护理满意度及护理前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分。结果观察组患者术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组护理后的SAS和SDS评分低于护理前,观察组护理后SAS和SDS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论女性垂体瘤切除术患者实施预防性护理干预,可提高术后并发症的防治效果,促进患者快速、良好康复。     

Documento de consenso SEDAR/SECCE sobre el manejo de ECMO

ECMO is an extracorporeal cardiorespiratory support system whose use has been increased in the last decade. Respiratory failure, postcardiotomy shock, and lung or heart primary graft failure may require the use of cardiorespiratory mechanical assistance. In this scenario perioperative medical and surgical management is crucial.Despite the evolution of technology in the area of extracorporeal support, morbidity and mortality of these patients continues to be high, and therefore the indication as well as the ECMO removal should be established within a multidisciplinary team with expertise in the area.This consensus document aims to unify medical knowledge and provides recommendations based on both the recent bibliography and the main national ECMO implantation centers experience with the goal of improving comprehensive patient care.     

围术期肺保护策略的研究进展

术后肺部并发症(PPCs)是影响患者围术期预后的主要原因,需要麻醉科医师重点关注并有效防治。越来越多的证据表明,围术期实行肺保护策略可减少PPCs。近5年来,围术期肺保护策略研究已成为围术期医学关注的重点问题之一,围术期肺保护是加速康复外科的重要组成部分,其策略包括术前风险预测、术中肺保护性通气、术后镇痛及物理治疗等。本综述结合围术期肺保护策略最新进展进行阐述,以提高麻醉科医师对PPCs潜在风险的认识,为制定围术期个体化肺保护方案提供策略。未来还应进一步研究以阐明围术期肺保护策略对患者预后结局的影响。