POLG 基因变异致线粒体病一家系分析

目的分析POLG基因变异致线粒体病的临床表型及基因变异。方法回顾分析于2019年5月就诊,并经采集外周血DNA进行医学外显子、外显子-内含子交界区靶向二代测序和一代验证,1个确诊为POLG基因变异致线粒体病家系的临床资料。结果先证者,男,10岁,与其同卵双胎哥哥均有相同的体征,深感觉受损、腱反射消失、肌肉可疑萎缩。先证者3个兄姐先后于1岁多夭折。提取患儿及其父母的外周血,先证者及同卵双胎哥哥POLG基因均存在G.2558A(p.R853Q)、c.2890T(p.R964C)复合杂合变异,分别来源于患儿父母亲。结论 POLG基因复合杂合变异线粒体病家系成员有不同的表型;POLG相关疾病,即使同种基因变异,其临床异质性也较大。     

甘肃省和政县农村老年性白内障防盲项目的卫生经济学评价研究

目的 对2014-2016年在甘肃省和政县开展的白内障综合防盲干预项目进行卫生经济学评价。设计 横断面调查。 研究对象 甘肃省和政县2014-2016年老年性白内障手术前407例患者及术后半年109例患者。方法 对所有调查对象进行卫生经济学问卷调查。通过净效益法、成本效益分析法和成本效果分析法评价项目产生的经济效益和总成本。主要指标 直接成本、间接成本、直接经济效益、间接经济效益、总成本、总效益、净效益、成本效益比、成本效果比。结果 2014-2016年项目期间甘肃省和政县白内障所致总体疾病经济负担为2142.28万元。白内障手术产生的总效益为3398424.98元，总成本为2939125.20元，净效益为459299.78元，效益成本比为1.16:1。项目每投入1万元可降低50岁以上白内障患者导致的0.027%的致盲率和0.164%致残率；项目每降低1%的50岁以上白内障患者的盲率，需投入36.47万元；每降低1%50岁以上白内障患者的残率，需投入6.11万元。结论 在甘肃省和政县开展的老年性白内障防盲综合干预项目具有较好的产出回报比和较高的防盲技术效率。（眼科，2020，29： 298-303）     

听神经瘤术后面神经功能损伤危险因素分析

目的分析影响听神经瘤患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析厦门大学附属第一医院神经外科自2015年1月至2018年6月收治的62例听神经瘤患者的临床资料。于术后7 d及术后6个月对所有患者的面神经功能进行评估。收集可能与患者术后早期及长期面神经功能障碍存在相关性的因素，采用Logistic单因素与多因素回归对相关因素与患者术后短期及长期面神经功能的关系进行分析。 结果术后7 d，21例（33.9%）患者面神经功能正常，41例（66.1%）患者出现面神经功能损伤；术后6个月，49例（79.0%）患者面神经功能为正常，13例（21.0%）患者面神经功能损伤。Logistic单因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤最大直径越大、肿瘤与面神经黏连越紧密，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大（P=0.002、0.002）；术前临床症状持续时间为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的危险因素（P=0.035）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示：肿瘤与面神经的黏连程度、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后7 d面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.003、0.014）；术前临床症状持续时间、肿瘤最大直径为患者术后6个月面神经功能障碍的独立危险因素（P=0.010、0.030）。 结论肿瘤与面神经的黏连越紧密、肿瘤最大直径越大，患者术后7 d发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。患者术前临床症状持续时间越长、肿瘤最大直径越大，术后6个月发生面神经功能损伤的可能性越大。     

Five-year clinical outcomes using the bioresorbable vascular scaffold: Insights from the FRANCE ABSORB registry

Central illustration: cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) thrombosis rates after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years.

     

Immunisation with the BCG and DTPw vaccines induces different programs of trained immunity in mice

In addition to providing pathogen-specific immunity, vaccines can also confer nonspecific effects (NSEs) on mortality and morbidity unrelated to the targeted disease. Immunisation with live vaccines, such as the BCG vaccine, has generally been associated with significantly reduced all-cause infant mortality. In contrast, some inactivated vaccines, such as the diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis (DTPw) vaccine, have been controversially associated with increased all-cause mortality especially in female infants in high-mortality settings. The NSEs associated with BCG have been attributed, in part, to the induction of trained immunity, an epigenetic and metabolic reprograming of innate immune cells, increasing their responsiveness to subsequent microbial encounters. Whether non-live vaccines such as DTPw induce trained immunity is currently poorly understood. Here, we report that immunisation of mice with DTPw induced a unique program of trained immunity in comparison to BCG immunised mice. Altered monocyte and DC cytokine responses were evident in DTPw immunised mice even months after vaccination. Furthermore, splenic cDCs from DTPw immunised mice had altered chromatin accessibility at loci involved in immunity and metabolism, suggesting that these changes were epigenetically mediated. Interestingly, changing the order in which the BCG and DTPw vaccines were co-administered to mice altered subsequent trained immune responses. Given these differences in trained immunity, we also assessed whether administration of these vaccines altered susceptibility to sepsis in two different mouse models. Immunisation with either BCG or a DTPw-containing vaccine prior to the induction of sepsis did not significantly alter survival. Further studies are now needed to more fully investigate the potential consequences of DTPw induced trained immunity in different contexts and to assess whether other non-live vaccines also induce similar changes.     

The Effect of Helicobacter pylori on Gastric Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Curative Resection

Helicobacter pylori has been associated with diverse pathologies of varying severity. We investigated the H. pylori infection status and its association with the pathologic features and clinical outcomes in stage III gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant therapy after curative resection. Between 2004 and 2009, the records of 76 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. H. pylori infection was confirmed by examination of pathological specimen. The relationship between H. pylori and the clinicopathological features was analyzed by Fisher exact test, Student’s t test, and Kaplan-Meier method. Of the 76 patients, 16 patients (21.1 %) were confirmed for H. pylori infection. The median age was 59 years. Twenty-three patients received chemotherapy and remainder received chemoradiotherapy. H. pylori status did not correlate with the clinicopathologic features. It was greater in non-neoplastic tissue than the tumor tissue (21.1 vs 7.9 %). Median follow-up was 21 months. During this period, 88.2 % patients had experienced tumor recurrence, and 85.5 % patients had died. Recurrence was observed in 87.5 % patients and in 88.3 % patients in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients, respectively (P = 0.92). Disease-free survival was 28.4 ± 7.9 months and overall survival was 31.5 ± 7.4 months in H. pylori-positive patients compared with 28.3 ± 3.7 and 33.2 ± 3.4 months, respectively, in H. pylori-negative patients. H. pylori infection status did not have effect on the overall or disease-free survival (p = 0.85 and P = 0.86), respectively. H. pylori status might not be useful as a prognostic and predictive factor for clinical outcomes.     

SEROPOSITIVITY FOR ASCARIOSIS AND TOXOCARIOSIS AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AMONG THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE VENEZUELAN DELTA REGION

The present study aimed at measuring seropositivities for infection by Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis using the excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens from Ascaris suum (AES) and Toxocara canis (TES) within an indigenous population. In addition, quantification of cytokine expressions in peripheral blood cells was determined. A total of 50 Warao indigenous were included; of which 43 were adults and seven children. In adults, 44.1% were seropositive for both parasites; whereas children had only seropositivity to one or the other helminth. For ascariosis, the percentage of AES seropositivity in adults and children was high; 23.3% and 57.1%, respectively. While that for toxocariosis, the percentage of TES seropositivity in adults and children was low; 9.3% and 14.3%, respectively. The percentage of seronegativity was comparable for AES and TES antigens in adults (27.9%) and children (28.6%). When positive sera were analyzed by Western blotting technique using AES antigens; three bands of 97.2, 193.6 and 200.2 kDas were mostly recognized. When the TES antigens were used, nine major bands were mostly identified; 47.4, 52.2, 84.9, 98.2, 119.1, 131.3, 175.6, 184.4 and 193.6 kDas. Stool examinations showed that Blastocystis hominis, Hymenolepis nana and Entamoeba coli were the most commonly observed intestinal parasites. Quantification of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-4 expressions showed that there was only a significant increased expression of IL-4 in indigenous with TES seropositivity (p < 0.002). Ascaris and Toxocara seropositivity was prevalent among Warao indigenous.     

不同手术方案对脊髓型颈椎病合并椎管狭窄症患者术后疗效及颈椎矢状位参数的影响

目的探讨前路椎体次全切除术和后路椎管扩大椎板成形术对脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)合并椎管狭窄症患者术后疗效及颈椎矢状位参数的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年3月—2015年8月收治的147例CSM合并椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,其中80例行前路椎体次全切除术治疗(A组),67例行后路椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗(B组)。比较2种手术方法治疗前后日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、Cobb角及矢状位垂直距离(SVA)。将2组患者根据T_1倾斜角分别分为高T_1倾斜角(≥25°)亚组和低T_1倾斜角( 25°)亚组,对不同亚组之间的疗效及手术安全性进行比较。结果 2组术后JOA评分和Cobb角均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组术后SVA低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),B组术后SVA与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组术后JOA评分和Cobb角均高于B组,SVA低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组中,高T_1倾斜角亚组和低T_1倾斜角亚组JOA评分改善效果和后凸畸形发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);B组中,低T_1倾斜角亚组JOA评分改善效果和后凸畸形发生率优于高T_1倾斜角亚组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论相较于后路椎管扩大椎板成形术,前路椎体次全切除术治疗CSM合并椎管狭窄症临床疗效更佳,且有助于改善颈椎矢状位平衡;在高T_1倾斜角水平下,应尽可能选择前路椎体次全切除术。