不同产地赤芍野生品与栽培品性状显微特征比较研究

目的:比较不同产地赤芍及其栽培品的药材性状、显微特征差异。方法:赤芍的药材性状及其显微组织特征比对,显微数量分析方法。结果:不同产地的赤芍比较显示,道地产地多伦产赤芍呈圆柱形,并较其他产地药材直而长,外皮具排列紧密的纵沟纹,较易剥落,断面粉白色;根的横切面导管切向排列,并与木纤维束整齐交互排列;木纤维束由4～19个纤维组成。赤芍的栽培品与野生品药材性状、显微组织方面的差异表现为:栽培品的根呈圆锥状,须根多,外皮较平滑,气味弱;根横切面栽培品导管的排列方式与野生品不同,栽培1～2年的根导管稀疏,径向排列,三、四年生的外侧导管呈团块排列;五、六年生的根外侧导管有切向排列;赤芍栽培品淀粉粒较多,单位观察面积数量2656个/mm2,草酸钙簇晶数量较少,27个/mm2;而野生品的淀粉粒数量较少,1791个/mm2,草酸钙簇晶较多,72个/mm2。结论:道地药材多伦赤芍与其他产地药材略有差异,可以根据其外观形态和木纤维束情况区别其他产地赤芍。赤芍野生品和栽培品在药材性状和显微组织上存在差异,外观性状的差异、根横切面导管的排列方式和单位面积草酸钙簇晶和淀粉粒的数目,可作为两者的鉴别特征。     

Pharmacokinetic properties of paeoniflorin,albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin after oral gavage of extracts of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba in rats

Aim of the study

To establish a HPLC–MS method and investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin and the pharmacokinetics difference of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba.

Materials and methods

The extracts of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba were separately administrated to rats. The concentrations of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin in rat plasma were determined by HPLC–ESI-MS method. The plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol and chromatographic separation was performed on a C₁₈ column with a mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid and methanol (67:33, v/v). The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning via electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the negative ionization mode. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated and the total AUC of the three components were compared.

Results

The pharmacokinetic parameters of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin were significantly different. There was significant difference between the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba.

Conclusions

A specific and sensitive HPLC–ESI-MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and oxypaeoniflorin in rat plasma and was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study. The results might be helpful for the investigation of different effects of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Radix Paeoniae Alba.     

安徽铜陵牡丹皮适宜采收期的研究

目的:研究安徽铜陵牡丹皮适宜采收期,为牡丹皮基地提供科学依据。方法:选铜陵2002年秋季移栽的3年生牡丹植株,2005年生长季节,每月定期采样30株,测定根干鲜重及根中丹皮酚的含量。结果:从产量上分析,6月之后,牡丹地下部显著增重,根部干物质积累平均为52.4g;从丹皮酚的含量分析,移栽3年生牡丹植株均已达到《中国药典》标准,其中以8月份丹皮酚含量较高,为2.2%。从不同年限、不同等级牡丹皮的生产率分析,移栽3年、4年干重比前1年增加率都在10%以上,移栽4年的牡丹皮一、二级所占比例较高,为47.8%。所以采收应选择移栽4年后的牡丹皮。结论:安徽铜陵牡丹皮采收年限应在移栽第4年的8月下旬～9月中旬。     

An online automatic sorting system for defective Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra using deep learning

Objective: To establish a deep-learning architecture based on faster region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN) algorithm for detection and sorting of red ginseng (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra) with internal defects automatically on an online X-ray machine vision system. Methods: A Faster R-CNN based classifier was trained with around 20 000 samples with mean average precision value (mAP) of 0.95. A traditional image processing method based on feedforward neural network (FNN) obtained a bad performance with the accuracy, recall and specificity of 69.0%, 68.0%, and 70.0%, respectively. Therefore, the Faster R-CNN model was saved to evaluate the model performance on the defective red ginseng online sorting system. Results: An independent set of 2 000 red ginsengs were used to validate the performance of the Faster R-CNN based online sorting system in three parallel tests, achieving accuracy of 95.8%, 95.2% and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The overall results indicated that the proposed Faster R-CNN based classification model has great potential for non-destructive detection of red ginseng with internal defects.     

基于“质-量”双标的白芍质量分析方法研究

目的 建立以对照药材为基准物质的定性和不依赖多种对照品定量的白芍Paeoniae Radix Alba药材“质-量”双标控制方法。方法 采用HPLC技术建立白芍对照药材的特征图谱，将其与供试药材图谱进行比对来辨别药材的真伪，即“质”；采用内标物质对特征峰化学成分进行相对定量来区分药材的优劣，即“量”。结果 建立的白芍药材“质-量”分析方法符合方法学考察要求，各供试药材与对照药材的相似度均大于0.90；规定了白芍药材特征峰化学成分相对含量下限。结论 该方法简便、快捷、准确，可以弥补目前白芍药材质量控制的不足，达到全面控制白芍药材的目的。     

丹皮多糖2b主要成分的相对分子质量的测定

目的测定丹皮多糖2b(PSM2b)主要成分的相对分子质量,为建立对照品的标准提供依据。方法PSM2b经Sepharose 4B柱分离,冷冻干燥后得到丹皮多糖的两个成分PSM2b-A和PSM2b-B,采用HPLC法检测均一性和相对分子质量;并分别以0.7%N a2SO4溶液和超纯水作为流动相进行比较。结果PSM2b-A为均一性的糖蛋白,是PSM2b的主要成分。流动相为0.7%N a2SO4溶液时,其相对分子质量为3.596 2×105,分散度指数(D)为4.15。流动相为超纯水时,其相对分子质量为4.758 5×105,分散度指数为1.03。结论采用HPLC法测定丹皮多糖主要成分的相对分子质量时,不同流动相测定的结果有差异,流动相采用超纯水比0.7%N a2SO4溶液更为适合。