A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

甲状腺肿的专家诊断与咨询系统

本文通过对１７４８３例甲状腺肿大中五种甲状腺病病例的收集、分析、整理、统计与提炼，确定了诊断原则，建立了知识库、病例库和正反双向混合推理机制，完成了用Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ语言编制。采用适用于表示医学产生式知识表示方法所开发的专家诊断与咨询系统，为教学、临床工作及家庭保健提供了有价值的软件。经临床病例验证，该软件准确、可靠、有很强的实用价值，对人工智能的研究、临床及教学的现代化，提高人们的保健水     

在校大学生艾滋病认知状况的调查研究

目的：了解高校大学生对艾滋病的认知状况,以便为制定有针对性的健康教育和综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法：采用现场不记名方式于2000年11月对西安五所高校大学生进行了问卷调查,用EpiInfo5.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果：70．5％的被调查者清楚艾滋病的全称。49．1％的人能正确回答艾滋病的三种主要传播途径,25．6％的人还认为蚊虫叮咬可传播艾滋病,对此知识的掌握年龄大者,已婚者,受教育程度高的和医学生掌握程度优于年龄小的,未婚者,教育程度低的和非医学生。结论：高校大学生对艾滋病有关知识了解甚少,他们又处在感染的高危人群,这种低知识水平的现状,与我国面临的艾滋病流行趋势极不适应,提示令后艾滋病知识的健康教育应在大学生尤其应在低年级学生中加强。     

孕妇孕期营养知识和态度的影响因素分析

目的：了解广州市孕妇孕期营养认识水平的影响因素,为有针对地提出干扰措施提供科学依据。方法：在我院产检门诊随机抽取３４７例孕龄３４周以上的初孕妇女,对她们进行现场问卷调查并采用方差、相关、回归等分析。结果：孕妇的孕期营养知识水平不同程度地受到孕妇及其丈夫的文化程度、职业、教育性质、工作性质、家庭形态、营养知识来源、是否参加过孕期营养知识讲座、居住地区等因素的影响,上述因素对营养知识的影响较营养态度明     

知识经济与高校信息服务业的战略转变

知识经济的迅猛发展,使我国高等学校的信息服务业面临着变革和发展的新机遇,本文在分析信息服务业内部各服务环节功能的传统性、局限性的基础上,提出了高校信息业发展的战略目标,以及为实现战略目标必须对各服务环节功能进行调整和改革的具体意见。同时强调指出：转变观念是实现改革与发展的先导。     

哈佛图形在绘制医院统计图中的应用

设计良好的图形可以增加视面相报告的吸引力、说服力和可信度,它简化了数据间的复杂关系,并描绘了数据的变化趋势．医院统计指标图形的绘制可以使统计信息在现代化医院的管理中起到应有的作用。现利用美国“哈佛图形”软件绘制医院统计图．取得了较好的效果．在医学领域中应用计算机绘图软件绘制医院统计图做了一点尝试。     

Epidemiology of chronic suppurative otitis media and deafness in a rural area and developing an intervention strategy

Of 613 children evaluated in a village in Haryana 94 (15.3%) were observed to have chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Fifty eight (61.7%) children had hearing impairment. CSOM contributed to 71.6% of the hearing impaired (58/81). On analysis of association of CSOM with literacy and socio-economic status of mothers, and age, sex, and upper respiratory tract infections (URI) in children positive correlation was observed only with URIs (P<0.001). Literacy and socio-economic status of the mothers did not correlate significantly with knowledge about treatment seeking, and ear cleaning practices, probably due to the narrow range of incomes and literacy levels. An intervention program consisting of play, demonstrations, health charts and slogans, and aural cleaning and antibiotic drops was introduced.     

知识经济时代的医院管理

本文认为,面对知识经济时代的到来,医院必须转变其原有的管理模式,由以如物为中心或以人为中心的管理谢以知识为中心的管理,即知识管理。知识管理作为一种新型的管理模式,具有其内在特征及管理目标。它要求医院管理者必须树立知识经济的管理意识,强化医疗管理的知识内涵,加大夫形资产的投力工,确认医疗股务的知识价值,提高技术性收益,走出“以药养医”的困境。     

农村少数民族HIV／AIDS知识,态度,行为及相关因素的调查

探索农村普通居民感染艾滋病的危险因素, 为在农村开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据, 对云南省某市农村４８９ 例村民进行艾滋病知识态度行为的定性定量研究, 结果表明目标人群ＨＩＶＡＩＤＳ知识有限, 有待提高, 态度和行为也不容乐观． 其知识、态度、行为受到性别、文化程度、年龄、民族等因素的影响,结果有利于艾滋病预防的一面, 更多的是负性影响． 结果提示要开展多种形式多部门协作、有针对性的综合性健康教育．