海南文昌汉族人群中两种葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因突变的研究

目的:分析海南文昌人群中葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因1376G→T、95A→G突变。方法:应用硝基四氮唑蓝定量法进行G6PD缺乏症的筛查,用等位基因特异PCR检测1376G→T、95A→G突变。结果:在358位海南文昌汉族人中,发现G6PD缺乏症患者20例,其中9例患者有1376G→T突变,3例患者有95A→G突变。结论:1376G→T、95A→G突变是文昌人群中常见的突变。     

No evidence for an altered mRNA expression or protein level of haematopoietic cell phosphatase in CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells or mature peripheral blood cells in polycythaemia vera

Abstract: Polycythaemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by haematopoietic progenitor cells being hypersensitive to cytokines such as erythropoietin, interleukin-3, stem cell factor and insulin-like growth factor 1, which results in an increased production of mature blood cells. The pathogenetic cellular mechanism(s) behind this hypersensitivity to cytokines is unknown, but the number of cytokine receptors and the interaction between ligand and receptor are normal in PV. Interest has therefore focused on post-receptor mechanism(s). Haematopoietic cell phosphatase (HCP) is an intracellular tyrosine phosphatase that has been demonstrated to regulate proliferative signals negatively induced by the cytokines mentioned above. Moreover, motheaten mice that genetically lack HCP have an increased amount of erythroid progenitors that are hypersensitive to Epo, and patients with familial polycythaemia have been shown to exhibit a mutation of the Epo receptor gene that includes the docking site for HCP. We therefore studied mRNA expression of HCP in pure populations of CD34⁺ cells, granulocytes, platelets and lymphocytes from patients with PV, chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) or essential thrombocythemia (ET), as well as healthy controls. Using a polymerase chain reaction analysis employing specific primers for HCP, we failed to detect any abnormalities of HCP expression in PV in any of the cell populations that were examined. Moreover, HCP mRNA expression was similar in ET and CML compared to controls. Finally, Western blot analysis revealed a normal HCP protein content in PV granulocytes and platelets. We therefore conclude that neither an impaired expression of the HCP gene nor a defect in HCP protein synthesis is present in PV, and does not seem to play a role in the aetiology of this disorder.     

Immunohistochemistry of glial reaction after injury in the rat: Double stainings and markers of cell proliferation

The astrocytic reaction in the rat after brain injury has been studied immunohistochemically for intermediate filaments (GFAP and vimentin), also with double staining procedures, and for markers of proliferation (BrdU and PCNA). GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes appeared around the lesion, where they were vimentin-positive and at a distance. BrdU and PCNA showed a high labelling index around the wound at day 2 and scattered positive nuclei were also found at a distance in the ipsilateral side. BrdU-positive astrocytes represented a minor fraction of GFAP- and vimentin-positive astrocytes. The expression of vimentin persisted at least 15 days after the lesion. Our results could suggest that distant reactive astrocytes originate through hypertrophy while those close to lesion arise by hyperplasia from mature or immature glial cells. The hypothesis is formulated that cells of the periventricular matrix contribute to the post-traumatic proliferative activity.     

聚合酶链反应产物特异性的阳性证实

以聚合酶链反应(PCR)法在mRNA水平检测T淋巴细胞受体α链可变区基因表达为例,介绍用~(32)P标记的人工合成寡核苷酸探针对PCR产物特异性作阳性证实的方法。该法以干琼脂糖凝胶作为支持物、相对较为简便和省财。用Ca探针以干凝胶作支持物的杂交结果,证实29个Vα基因的PCR扩增中物均为特异性的,放射自显影的带型与位置和溴乙锭染色所示完全吻合。     

亚低温对大鼠脑损伤后脑组织炎性反应的影响

目的探讨颅脑外伤后早期应用亚低温治疗对脑组织炎性反应的影响。方法采用Feeney自由落体改良模型,设定对照组、颅脑外伤模型组及亚低温组,每组再根据伤后不同生存时间随分为3个亚组。取伤灶脑组织检测髓过氧化酶(MPO)活性,做细胞间黏附子-1(ICAM-1)免疫组化染色,光镜下计数ICAM-1阳性血管数。结果亚低温组各时间点伤灶区ICAM-1阳性血管数明显低于颅脑外伤模型相应时间点(P<0.01)。亚低温组各时间点MPO活性均明显低于颅脑外伤模型组相应时间点(P<0.01)。结论亚低温治疗能明显减少伤灶区白细胞浸润及ICAM-1的表达,有助于改善颅脑外伤后脑组织炎性反应引起的继发性脑损伤。     

肺动脉灌注低温保护液减轻体外循环肺内炎性反应

目的　研究肺动脉灌注低温保护液减轻体外循环肺内炎性反应的作用。方法　 4 0例行法洛四联症 (TOF)根治术的病儿随机分为肺保护组 2 0例 ,对照组 2 0例。肺保护组体外循环期间肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液 ,对照组行常规TOF根治术。围手术期监测血浆肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)水平。收集术后6h气管吸出物 ,检测其中炎性介质白细胞介素 (IL) 6、IL 8水平。征得病儿家属同意 ,术后取右下肺组织活检 ,观察组织内炎性反应情况。同时监测围手术期肺功能及临床指标。结果　肺保护组血浆中TNF α水平低于对照组 ,以回ICU 0h、2 4h差异显著 (P <0 0 1、P <0 0 5 ) ;术后 6h内气管吸出物中IL 6和IL 8水平肺保护组低于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;肺组织活检对照组可见中性粒细胞浸润 ,肺保护组无明显病理改变。肺保护组术后肺泡 -动脉氧分压差 (A aO2 )较对照组低 ,以回ICU 0h、12h和 2 4h差异显著(P <0 0 5、P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 ) ;肺保护组呼吸机辅助通气时间短于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　肺动脉灌注低温保护液可明显减轻体外循环中肺内的炎性反应和改善肺功能。     

磷脂酶C与生殖

磷脂酶C(PLC)是磷脂酰肌醇信号转导途径中一个关键酶。目前确认的哺乳类PLC共有PLC β、PLC γ、PLC δ、PLC ε和最近新发现的PLC ζ 5种亚型 ,12种同工酶。不同亚型的结构、调控和组织分布各有差异。PLC在调控信号转导通路中的特性使其在顶体反应、卵子激活中发挥了巨大的作用。本文综述了PLC家族 5种亚型的结构、调控机制及PLC在男性生殖领域的相关内容 ,包括PLC引起卵子发生Ca2 + 振荡、激活卵子、促进胚胎发育等 ,并进一步探讨了PLC在临床上可能的应用前景。     

子宫内膜癌组织中p16 mRNA及P16蛋白的表达

①目的　探讨抑癌基因 p16与子宫内膜癌发生、发展的关系。 ②方法　应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT PCR)和免疫组织化学技术 ,对 4 2例子宫内膜癌及 15例正常子宫内膜组织中 p16mRNA及P16蛋白进行检测 ,并结合临床病理特征进行分析。③结果　子宫内膜癌组织中p16mRNA及P16蛋白的阳性表达率分别为6 9.0 5 %和 5 9.5 2 % ,显著低于正常组织 (χ2 =6 .0 15、8.6 2 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。p16mRNA及P16蛋白的表达缺失与肿瘤的组织学类型无关 (χ2 =0 .10 0、0 .2 94 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,而与组织学分级和临床分期有关 (χ2 =3.95 4、6 .873,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　p16mRNA和P16蛋白的表达缺失在子宫内膜癌的发生和发展中可能起重要作用     

临床输液反应的分析与预防

目的对临床发生的输液反应进行分析,找出发生的原因,探讨预防措施。方法:对30例输液反应资料进行分析。结果:以热原反应最为多见,占76.67%,而过敏反应,占16.67%,局部反应,占6.67%。结论:严格执行消毒制度,遵守无菌操作规程,把好药品和输液器具质量关,合理用药,注意配伍等是减少临床输液反应的关键。