Enzyme-amplified immunoassays

The sensitivity of enzyme immunoassays may be enhanced by the use of enzyme-amplification. This technique uses the enzyme label in the immunoassay to provide a trigger substance for a secondary system that can generate a large quantity of coloured product. Two examples of enzyme amplifiers are described, using either a substrate cycle with phosphorylated hexose sugars, or a redox cycle involving the coenzyme NAD⁺. The redox enzyme-amplifier has a detection limit of less than one attomole for the enzyme label, alkaline phosphatase.

The limited dynamic range of enzyme-amplified immunoassays may be overcome by kinetic analysis of the colour development in the enzyme-amplifier, to add at least a further order of magnitude to the range of directly measured analyte concentrations in the immunoassay. This is illustrated in an enzyme-amplified immunoassay for human thyroid stimulating hormone. Amperometric measurement of the enzyme-amplifier provides a method to extend the dynamic range still further and compares favourably with the performance of a gamma counter, a luminometer or a fluorimeter.     

超微量肝素在治疗重症肺炎中的应用（附41例报告）

目的：探讨超微量肝素在重症肺炎患儿治疗中的应用。方法：对我科于1998年5月--2001年5月收治的重症肺炎共41例,随机分为常规治疗组和肝素治疗组,对两组资料进行分析并进行统计学处理。结果：肝素治疗组在热退时间、吸氧时间、肺部体征消失时间、住院天数皆明显短于常规治疗组。结论：在重症肺炎的治疗中加用超微量肝素治疗具有安全、有效、副作用少等作用,易于在临床推广。     

醒脑静在重症一氧化碳中毒抢救中的临床应用

目的　探讨醒脑静对急性重症一氧化碳 (CO)中毒的催醒作用。方法　在急性重症CO中毒常规综合抢救中加入醒脑静并与常规方法进行对比研究。结果　醒脑静治疗组较常规治疗组清醒时间明显缩短 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　醒脑静可作为急性重症CO中毒病人综合抢救中常规用药。     

从喜树叶中碱法提取喜树碱新工艺

目的探讨以喜树为原料提取喜树碱的工艺条件.方法通过均匀试验设计法.结果确定了以稀NaOH溶液为溶剂提取喜树碱的最佳工艺条件提取溶剂浓度为0.3%,提取时间为3 h,NaOH溶液用量1 6 mL/g原料·次.结论首次研究了以稀NaOH溶液为喜树碱提取溶剂,从很少被利用的喜树叶中提取喜树碱的工艺条件.结果表明喜树叶的喜树碱提取率达到0.1%以上,是一个较好的喜树碱提取原料.利用此方法提取喜树碱生产成本低、提取率高、防火等级低,是相对于乙醇提取更为优秀的喜树碱提取方法.     

基于一测多评多组分定量质控联合主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析及熵权逼近理想解排序法的盐沙苑子饮片综合质量评价

目的 建立一测多评（quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker,QAMS）法同时检测盐沙苑子饮片中杨梅素、扁蓄苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、西伯利亚落叶松黄酮、沙苑子苷B、沙苑子苷A、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、鼠李柠檬素、豆甾醇、胡萝卜苷、β-谷甾醇含量的方法,并采用主成分分析法（principal component analysis,PCA）、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）法及熵权逼近理想解排序（entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,EW-TOPSIS）法对其质量进行评价。方法 采用Lichrospher C18色谱柱;乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱。以沙苑子苷A为内参物,建立内参物与其他12个待测成分的相对校正因子（relative co...     

多发颈椎不连综合征的影像学特点与外科诊疗策略

【摘要】 目的：分析多发颈椎不连综合征（multilevel cervical disconnection syndrome,MCDS）的影像学特点及外科诊疗策略。方法：2004年3月~2021年6月,我院收治MCDS患者共7例,男性3例,女性4例;年龄5~46岁（中位年龄12岁）。7例MCDS患者中,平均椎体发育不良节段数3.6±1.3个节段,平均椎弓不连节段数5.7±1.5个节段,局部后凸角平均-92.2°±20.2°,C2-7 Cobb角平均-68.6°±31.0°,T1倾斜角（T1 slope,T1S）平均-12.5°±12.5°,后凸顶点位于C4节段1例,C5节段5例,T1节段1例;术前改良日本骨科学会评分（mJOA评分）8.5~14分（平均12.6±2.1分）,其中1例患者伴有吞咽困难。记录患者预矫形方式及手术方式,入院时、预矫形后、术后及末次随访影像学参数,神经功能及并发症。结果：1例术前接受颅骨牵引,3例接受平衡悬吊牵引,3例接受联合牵引,经术前牵引预矫形后,局部后凸角矫正率为60.8%。1例接受手术松解、Halo-vest外固定治疗,1例接受前路矫形内固定手术,1例接受后路矫形固定融合术,4例接受前-后联合手术治疗,手术固定6.0±2.1个节段,2例患者出现术后神经系统并发症,接受翻修手术。术后随访时间6~84个月（41.2±32.0个月）,末次随访局部后凸角平均-27.9°±11.6°,矫正率69.7%,C2-7 Cobb角平均-13.3°±28.4°,T1S平均4.9°±17.9°;术后mJOA评分10.5~17分（15.7±2.3分）,改善率78.3%。对比手术前后临床及影像学指标,mJOA评分、C2-7后凸角、局部后凸角及T1S有统计学差异。结论：MCDS影像学上主要表现为前方椎体发育不良伴多节段椎弓不连,继发严重后凸畸形。治疗策略可采取术前牵引预矫形并前路多节段椎体切除重建、后路长节段固定融合。     

Growth modulation of angular deformities with a novel constant force implant concept-preclinical results

PurposeVarus-valgus deformities in children and adolescents are often corrected by temporary hemi-epiphysiodesis, in which the physis is bridged by an implant to inhibit growth. With standard implant solutions, the acting forces cannot be regulated, rendering the correction difficult to control. Furthermore, the implant load steadily increases with ongoing growth potentially leading to implant-related failures. A novel implant concept was developed applying a controlled constant force to the physis, which carries the potential to avoid these complications. The study aim was to proof the concept in vivo by analyzing the effect of three distinct force levels on the creation of varus deformities.MethodsThe proposed implant is made of a conventional cerclage wire and features a twisted coil that unwinds with growth resulting in an implant-specific constant force level. The proximal medial tibial physes of 18 lambs were treated with the implant and assigned to three groups distinct by the force level of the implant (200 N, 120 N, 60 N).ResultsThe treatment appeared safe without implant-related failures. Deformity creation was statistically different between the groups and yielded on average 10.6° (200 N), 4.8° (120 N) and 0.4° (60 N) over the treatment period. Modulation rates were 0.51°/mm (200 N), 0.23°/mm (120 N) and 0.05°/mm (60 N) and were constant throughout the treatment.ConclusionBy means of the constant force concept, controlled growth modulation appeared feasible in this preclinical experiment. However, clinical trials are necessary to confirm whether the results are translatable to the human pathological situation.     

我国"乡聘村用"政策典型地区实践经验与启示

目的:分析我国"乡聘村用"政策进展和典型地区实践经验,分析推进"乡聘村用"政策的问题与挑战,为推进乡村医生队伍建设提供政策建议。方法:利用我国卫生健康统计年鉴相关数据进行定量分析;收集我国典型地区政策、报告等资料,进行案例分析。结果:"乡聘村用"在我国具有一定的政策基础,在全国范围内已经具有一定实践规模。从人员资质、人事管理和养老保障及资金来源方式等角度看,在典型地区的实践对推进"乡聘村用"政策的挑战是增加财政支出、乡村医生队伍老龄化和县乡管理能力不足。结论与建议:典型地区经验表明"乡聘村用"政策是转变乡村医生身份、解决乡村医生养老等社会保障问题的有效途径。建议各地借鉴典型经验积极推进"乡聘村用"政策,加大地方财政支持力度;加强县级和乡镇卫生院管理能力;同时,稳步推进政策,避免各类乡村医生之间产生矛盾。     

一种肌电控制假手的新型自适应增力机构

介绍一种用于肌电控制假手的新型自适应切换增力机构。对比现在国内外的各种假手增力机构，它不用超越离合器，因而更为简单、可靠、耐用。它不仅为广大的上肢残疾患者带来福音，也是康复器械上的一大革新     

Determination of diquat in biological materials by electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Summary An electron spin resonance (ESR) method already in use for the quantitative analysis of paraquat was applied to the analysis of diquat in blood, serum, urine, tissue homogenates and several drinks without purification of the samples. The diquat radical produced with ascorbic acid at alkaline pH was much more stable than that produced with the commonly used sodium dithionite. Radical decay in solutions covered with n-hexane was less than 5% after 60 min over a wide range of ascorbic acid concentrations. In 0.2N NaOH solution 85% of the radicals was present even after 24h. The limit of detection was 0.3 g/ml and the required amount of sample was 0.1 ml. When both diquat and paraquat were present in a sample the diquat was first extracted with 1-butanol prior to the ESR measurement, because both species were converted to the radicals.