层粘蛋白及其受体、增殖细胞核抗原与肝细胞癌肿瘤生物学特性的关系

目的:探讨层粘蛋白(LN)、层粘蛋白受体(LN-R)及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)与原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)恶性程度的关系。方法: 采用SABC法分别检测42例肝细胞癌及癌旁组织中LN、LN-R及PCNA的表达情况。 结果:LN、LN-R及PCNA在肝细胞癌中的表达均显著高于癌旁组织(P＜0.05),且与肝细胞癌Edmondson分级呈正相关;浸润型(IHCC)生长、有转移、肿瘤直径＞3 cm者LN、LN-R及PCNA的表达高,而膨胀型(EHCC)生长、无转移、肿瘤直径≤3 cm者多表达较低;在高增殖指数组LN、LN-R表达高于低增殖指数组(P＜0.05)。结论: 细胞内LN、LN-R及PCNA可作为评判肝细胞癌恶性程度及临床预后的良好指标。     

食管癌增殖细胞核抗原的免疫组织化学观察

用增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）免疫组织化学方法对65例食管瘤进行了观察，结果发现：食管瘤的PCNA表达与分化程度（P＜0．01）、浸润深度（P＜0．05）和淋巴结转移（P＜0.01）关系密切．PCNA阳性细胞的平均计数为：分化Ⅰ级254±3．2，分化Ⅱ级40．3±4．5，分化Ⅲ级684±6．2；淋巴结阳性组52．6±6．4．阴性组29．4±3．3,提示：PCNA的表达对食管癌的组织学分级及估价预后是一项有效的指标。     

子宫腺瘤样瘤的免疫组织化学及超微结构的研究

应用免疫组织化学及电子显微镜检查方法，观察２例子宫腺瘤样瘤中凝血因子ＶＩＩＩ、角蛋白、波形蛋白、癌胚抗原的分布及超微结构的特点，结果：肿瘤细胞中Ｆｖｉｉｉ及ＣＥＡ阴性；Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ及Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ阳性，共存在肿瘤细胞内。电子显微镜下见细胞之间有桥粒连接，并见张力原纤维，腺腔被覆上皮表面有大量细而长的微绒毛。提示：腺瘤样瘤是一种间皮瘤。     

原发性肝癌组织中肥大细胞与微血管计数的研究

目的：探讨PHC组织中MC和MV计数的相互关系。方法：应用ABC免疫组化法对50例PHC手术切除标本常规石蜡包埋切片,分别检测MV和MC计数。结果：50例PHC癌组织MV、MC计数均显著高于癌旁组织（MV：69.45±14.68vs35.29±10.95,P〈0.01;MC：16.90±5.59vs9.88±3.59,P〈0.05）;AFU〈10μg/mL、有转移、肿块直径〉5cm的癌组织MV计数均显著高于AFU〉10μg/mL、无转移、肿块直径〈5cmMV计数（AFU：71.31±12.03vs57.88±11.69,P〈0.05;转移：75.50±13.70vs58.18±11.68,P〈0.05;肿块直径：80.33±13.88vs60.71±14.50）;癌组织中MC计数与MV计数呈密切正相关（r=0.388,P〈0.05）。结论：MC、MV计数与PHC的发生、进展关系密切。     

Morphologic and regulatory aspects of prostatic function

Summary Current concepts of the structural and functional organization of the human prostate are presented and are related to endocrine principles which have been studied in experimental animals. Based on embryological and histological studies, the internal structure of the human prostate gland is divided into four subdivisions: 1. the anterior nonglandular fibromuscular stroma, 2. the periurethral portion, 3. the peripheral zone, and 4. the central zone. The central zone which accounts for 25% of the gland, is formed by a wedge-shaped group of ducts, arising close to the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts and is surrounded by the peripheral zone (75% of the gland). The functional interdependence and relationship between the stroma and the epithelium observed during embryological development, postnatal maturation and under certain pathological conditions, has led to the concept of a functional prostatic unit, which is useful for the explanation of prostatic growth and the expression of specific genes. There is growing evidence of a functional heterogeneity within the prostatic secretory duct system, with a concentration of estrogen-sensitive cells close to the urethra, and a relatively long persistence of undifferentiated nonsecretory acini at the peripheral tips of the gland ducts close to the dorsal capsule until late puberty. Secretory and proliferative activities of the gland are strictly androgen-dependent. Of particular importance with respect to glandular and stromal proliferation are the recent reports on the presence of different growth factors in the prostate. Hormonally induced imbalances in the system of growth factor production, androgen- and estrogen-dependence and general ageing of the cells have to be taken into consideration in understanding various prostatic pathologies such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.     

Ki-M1P as a marker for microglia and brain macrophages in routinely processed human tissues

Summary The monoclonal antibody Ki-M1P recognizes a formalin/paraffin-resistant differentiation epitope of monocytes and their macrophage derivatives [Radzun et al., Lab Invest 65:306, 1991]. To evaluate its usefulness for neuropathology, we examined a variety of routinely processed tissues using immunohistochemistry. In normal brains, positivity was restricted to ramified microglial cells. Intense labeling of macrophages, ramified and ameboid microglial cells, and rod cells was seen in brains with various degenerative and inflammatory disorders. Astrocytes were negative as determined by double-immunofluorescence labeling using Ki-M1P and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Histiocytic lesions (histiocytosis X, xanthogranulomas, granulomatous inflammation) were immunopositive. Among 107 tumors, reactivity of Ki-M1P was observed with some schwannoma and meningioma tumor cells. In addition to macrophages, most gliomas contained small, elongated Ki-M1P-positive cells, which were negative for GFAP. Positivity was also found in two glioblastoma cell lines. Immunoblotting performed on spleen, meningioma and glioblastoma specimens revealed one to three bands in the range of 110 to 130 kDa. We conclude that Ki-M1P can serve as a reliable marker for brain macrophages and microglial cells in routinely processed normal and non-neoplastic tissues, whereas due to the unexpected immunoreactivities results obtained with neoplastic tissues should be carefully interpreted.Dedicated to Professor Jürgen Peiffer on occasion of his 70th birthdaySupported by the Wilhelm Sander Foundation     

Sixteen cases of sclerosing hemangioma of the lung including unusual presentations

Sclerosing hemangiomas (SH) of the lung are uncommon tumors and are thought to be benign. However, the biologic behavior of this tumor has not yet been characterized adequately. The clinicopathologic features were reviewed and analyzed for 16 cases of SH. The age of the patients ranged from 37 to 73 yr (mean 50.6 yr). There were fifteen female and one male patient. The SH located at the intraparenchyme in 14 cases, the interlobar fissure in one case and the visceral pleura in one case. The size of SH ranged from 0.3 cm to 8 cm (mean 2.6 cm). There were five unusual presentations of SH including a case having two SH with multiple nodules of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia in the same lobe, a case showing adenocarcinoma-like area within the SH, a case showing one peribronchial lymph node metastasis (N1 nodal stage) with location of interlobar major fissure, a case showing alveolar adenoma-like area within the SH, and one case with a large visceral pleural-based pedunculated mass presenting as mediastinal mass. All patients were alive and well without recurrence at the last follow up. Here, we reviewed previously published literatures and discussed the histogenesis of SH.     

Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax proteins in astrocytomas in relation to patient survival

The Bcl-2 family is composed of a group of related proteins that either prevent or promote apoptosis. This study was undertaken to assess the prognostic value of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax in patients with astrocytomas. Tissue samples from 104 astrocytomas (WHO grade 2, 21 cases; grade 3, 49 cases; grade 4, 34 cases), including 68 primary and 36 recurrent tumors, were examined immunohistochemically for Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax expression. Patient charts were reviewed for clinical presentation, and survival was followed. The mean values of the Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax labeling indexes (LI) were 15.9±13.1%, 53.2±35.3%, and 25.9±23.2%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the Bcl-x LI of high-grade (grade 3 or 4) astrocytomas was higher than that of low-grade (grade 2) tumors (P=0.0064). There were no significant differences in patient survival between the high- and low-LI groups of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax. Since the mechanism and regulation of apoptosis are still unclear, it seems difficult to use the Bcl-2 family as a biological marker in predicting the prognosis of patients with astrocytomas.     

应用PAP免疫组化染色法观察输精管结扎16～28月家兔的睾丸组织学变化

日本大耳白雄兔16只,行双侧输精管结扎手术。术后16、22、28个月处死动物,睾丸切片HE染色尤镜观察,大部分曲细精管恢复正常的成精过程,各级精细胞形态无明显异常,并可见呈灶状分布的姜缩曲细精管,被结缔组织包绕,有淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润。PAP染色显示,恢复正常生精过程的曲细精管均阴性染色,萎缩的曲细精管与基底膜呈阳性染色。提示输精管结扎术后曲细精管萎缩与免疫损伤有关。     

Spontaneous Follicular Center Cell Lymphomas of B Cell Origin in Cataract Mice

Spontaneous lymphomas from a strain of hereditary cataract (CAC-nct/+) mice were examined by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical reaction for the mouse heavy and light immunoglobulin chains. Lymphomas occurred in 28 out of 45 male cataract mice and in 34 out of 52 females at 25 to 65 weeks of age. All of the lymphoma-bearing mice showed an enlargement of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, and some mice also had hepatomegaly. Morphologically, all tumors were composed of a mixed population of small and large cells. Neoplastic cells had features of follicular center cell lymphomas, such as scant to moderate amounts of cytoplasm and cleaved and/or round nuclei with a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. Large cells were often admixed with small cells, and had vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli juxtaposed to the nuclear membrane. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were observed in occasional cells, but Golgi apparatus was poorly developed and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was scant, unlike those in plasma cells. C-particles were seen in all lymphoma-bearing mice by electron microscopy. Intracisternal A-particles were detected in some mice. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic lymphoid cells were positive for the kappa light chain and the surface/cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M. These results indicate that lymphoid cell neoplasms found in hereditary cataract mice originate from follicular center B cells.