白介素-1β介导缺血再灌注损伤后肺损伤

目的探讨大鼠肾缺血再灌注（ischemia reperfusion,IR）后血清白介素-1β（IL-1β）和肺细胞凋亡的变化。方法将48只Sprague—Dawley大鼠随机平均分为IR组（n=40）和假手术对照组（n=8）。IR组再按照缺血再灌注时间随机分为2h（IR2h组）、6h（IR6h组）、12h（IR12h组）、24h（IR24h组）和72h组（IR72h组）,每组8只大鼠。IR组用无损伤动脉夹钳夹大鼠双侧肾蒂45min制成肾缺血再灌注损伤（renal ischemia reperfusion injury,RIRI）模型。假手术对照组只暴露双肾,不钳夹肾蒂。观察缺血再灌注后2h,6h,12h,24h和72h各时间点血清白介素-1β及血清肌酐（scr）水平变化和肺组织细胞凋亡改变。结果假手术对照组血清白介素-1β、血清肌酐水平及肺组织细胞凋亡阳性细胞数均为最低。IR组缺血再灌注2h后,血清白介素-1β、血清肌酐水平及肺组织细胞凋亡阳性细胞数均逐渐升高,12h达峰值（IR12h组）。肾缺血再灌注12h,肺组织细胞病理学改变最为严重。结论肾缺血再灌注后,大鼠血清白介素-1β、血清肌酐水平升高及肺组织细胞凋亡阳性细胞数增多。     

高血压胰岛素抵抗对PIP、MMP-2及左室舒张功能的影响

目的探讨原发性高血压（EH）有、无胰岛素抵抗（IR）患者左室重构及舒张功能的变化。方法测定86例EH患者和45例体检健康者空腹血糖及胰岛素,并计算胰岛素敏感性指数（IAI）,以≤对照组IAI均值（-3．72±0．32）的低限（4．04）者46例作为IR组,非IR组40例。比较三组受试者心脏舒张功能指标：等容舒张时间（IVRT）、二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度（Ea）／舒张晚期运动速度（Aa）比值;左室重构指标：血清前胶原羧基端肽（PIP）、金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）浓度。结果与对照组比较非IR组和IR组平均IVRT均明显延长、Ea／Aa比值均明显降低、血清PIP、MMP-2均显著升高（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）;且与非IR组比较IR组平均IVRT和血清PIP、MMP-2进一步显著延长和升高,Ea／Aa比值进一步显著降低（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。结论伴有IR的高血压患者较非IR高血压患者左室心肌重构更重、左室舒张功能更差。     

Findings of preserved implicit attention in methamphetamine dependent subjects

Long-term methamphetamine (MA) abuse is associated with a wide range of deficits on explicit tasks of selective attention. Less is known however about the effects of MA abuse on implicit measures of attention. Accordingly, we used a computerized spatial priming task to assess implicit attentional processes in 54 MA dependent subjects (mean age=37.04+/-8.9 years) and 32 healthy controls without history of any form of substance abuse (mean age=33.63+/-7.05 years). The MA dependent subjects had been drug-abstinent a minimum of 3 weeks with a mean duration of MA use of 13.27+/-7.75 years. The MA dependent subjects did not differ significantly from controls on either inhibitory priming [p=.37] or facilitory priming) [p=.69]. This result comports with our earlier findings of intact object-based priming in MA dependent individuals and suggests that intact priming effects extend across spatial domains. Further, this pattern of sparing suggests that cortical brain systems typically supporting implicit attentional functioning are relatively intact in long-term MA dependent individuals whereas brain systems supporting explicit attentional processes are affected.     

Analgesic activity of affinin, an alkamide from Heliopsis longipes (Compositae)

Heliopsis longipes (Compositae) is a Mexican plant used as analgesic in pain toothache. A solution of 10mug/ml of dichloromethane extract from this plant showed analgesic activity determined by means of GABA release in mice brain slices. Through a bioassay-directed separation, fractions G-1, G-2, G-4 and G-6 at the same concentration were active. Affinin was the unique and common active compound, and evoke the GABA release 0.5min after administration at 1x10(-4)M concentration. Inactive compound were undeca-2E-en-8,10-dyinoic acid isobutylamide, hinokinin, 2'-hydroxyhinokinin, 3beta-sn-glyceroyl-(1'-palmitoxy)urs-12-ene, 13(18)-ursen-3beta-ol, 13(18)-ursen-3beta-acetate, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The analgesic activity of Heliopsis longipes could be associated to affinin.     

IGF-1 protects against diabetic features in an in vivo model of Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is the most prevalent polyglutamine expansion disorder. HD is caused by an expansion of CAG triplet in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, associated with striatal and cortical neuronal loss. Central and peripheral metabolic abnormalities and altered insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels have been described in HD. Thus, we hypothesized that restoration of IGF-1-mediated signaling pathways could rescue R6/2 mice from metabolic stress and behavioral changes induced by polyglutamine expansion. We analyzed the in vivo effect of continuous peripheral IGF-1 administration on diabetic parameters, body weight and motor behavior in the hemizygous R6/2 mouse model of HD. We used 9 week-old and age-matched wild-type mice, subjected to continuously infused recombinant IGF-I or vehicle, for 14 days. IGF-1 treatment prevented the age-related decrease in body weight in R6/2 mice. Although blood glucose levels were higher in R6/2 mice, they did not reach a diabetic state. Even though, IGF-1 ameliorated poor glycemic control in HD mice. This seemed to be associated with a decrease in blood insulin levels in R6/2 mice, which was increased following IGF-1 infusion. Similarly, blood IGF-1 levels decreased during aging in both wild-type and R6/2 mice, being significantly improved upon its continuous infusion. Although no significant differences were found in motor function in R6/2-treated mice, IGF-1 treatment highly improved paw clasping scores. In summary, these results suggest that IGF-1 has a protective role against HD-associated impaired glucose tolerance, by enhancing blood insulin levels.     

药用矿物蒙脱石的红外光谱分析

目的：弄清蒙脱石层状晶体结构中水的变化规律，为其药用机制研究和药物的开发利用提供依据。方法：从粘土矿物中分离纯化蒙脱石，运用红外光谱分析技术，对蒙脱石的化学结构进行分析。结果：得到了有关蒙脱石分子水的信息和化学结构变化的基本规律。结论：蒙脱石是一种膨胀吸附性粘土矿物，可作为药物活性成分或赋形剂。     

人体硬组织替代材料表面键合白蛋白方法的研究

采用BrCN活化法。探讨了在羟基磷灰石(HA)、生物玻璃陶瓷(BGC)和羟基聚磷酸钙钠(HP)表面结合白蛋白的条件。结果表明，在一定条件下羟基聚磷酸钙钠可以和白蛋白形成共价键结合，而BGC和HA则难以形成这种结合。     

大黄素、小檗碱对HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗的预防作用研究

目的：研究大黄素、小檗碱对HepG2细胞产生胰岛素抵抗的预防作用及机制。方法：首先用MTT法筛选大黄素、小檗碱作用于HepG2细胞的实验浓度，然后用软脂酸诱导HepG2细胞，同时分别加入大黄素、小檗碱干预，并设正常组、对照组进行比较，通过葡萄糖氧化酶法、蒽酮法、RT-PCR法，观察大黄素、小檗碱对HepG2细胞上糖代谢及瘦素长型受体、短型受体mRNA表达水平的影响。结果：对照组成为具有胰岛素抵抗的HepG2细胞，且细胞上瘦素长型及短型受体mRNA的表达水平较正常纽显著下降（P〈0．01）；而大黄素、小檗碱组培养液中葡萄糖含量、细胞内糖原含量以及细胞上瘦素长型及短型受体mRNA的表达水平较正常组无明显改变（P〉0．05）。结论：大黄素、小檗碱均能预防HepG2细胞产生胰岛素抵抗，这一作用与它们影响HepG2细胞上糖代谢及瘦素受体mRNA表达水平有关。     

顺铂及其类似物与人红细胞膜磷脂相互作用的研究

本文采用IR和^31P NMR方法研究了顺铂及其类似物与人红细胞膜磷脂的相互作用。与对照相比，顺铂及其类似物加入人红细胞膜以后，使得红外波谱的1300－953cm^-1频区发生明显改变。结果分析提示，顺铂等铂配合物通过静电相互作用和某些配位的方式，即主要与磷脂的极性头部相互作用，12小时动力学实验进一步表明顺铂的作用是一个可恢复的作用过程，而其它的铂配合物的作用则不可恢复。^31P NMR实验得到与IR分析相似的结果，对此进行了讨论。     

Efficacy of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Deaths from infectious diseases and deep concerns about increases in microbial resistance make it necessary for scientists to develop innovative therapeutic solutions and complementary therapies. Growing evidence is available on the therapeutic effects of probiotics. There are also documents about the beneficial effects of probiotics, but it is difficult to draw a definitive conclusion regarding the results of these studies because of the small sample size, the limitations of the study methods, and the use of different strains of probiotic bacteria. This review study summarizes the articles available on the scientific and electronic databases Embase, Medline, and Scopus until the end of 2017, including case studies describing beneficial microbes as tools for improving the process of controlling infectious diseases. Until the development of novel vaccines or other approaches occurs, the use of probiotics seems to be a logical way to attempt to control certain infectious diseases.