Ghrelin,resistin and insulin in obese diabetic women in Wad-Madani,Sudan

BackgroundObesity in the Sudan is increasing at alarming rate with the tendency of reaching an epidemic proportion in women. It is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Some adipokine hormones such as resistin are associated with obesity.ObjectivesTo study how the levels of resistin, ghrelin and insulin are associated with obesity,fat distribution and (T2D) and to ascertain any interrelationships between them.Subjects and methods150 women, age ≥18 years old, resident in Wad-Madani town, Sudan were participated in the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to body mass index (BMI) value: I (normal weight), II (overweight) and III (obese diabetic). Fasting serum resistin and ghrelin concentrations were measured using ELISA method. Insulin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA).ResultsThe mean±SD levels of resistin 5.80±4.91ng/mL,Ghrelin107.60±26.67pg/M and Insulin 11.92±8.54mLU/ml in obese diabetic were found to be greater than in normal or overweight women. In normal weight values were 3.07±2.15 ng/mL 83.30±13.38pg/mL, and 6.62±6.77mLU/ml for resistini, ghrelin and Insulin, respectively. Values for overweight women 3.64±2.63 pg/mL 90±17.35 pg/mL and 8.13±7.54 mLU/ml for resistin, ghrelin and insulin respectively.Conclusions and recommendationsIncreased BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hormones (ghrelin and resistin) were associated with insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to accept or refute these findings.     

驱避剂伊默宁的合成及其药效观察

目的合成驱蚊新药伊默宁并测定其药效。方法丙烯酸乙酯依次与丁胺、乙酰氯反应制备伊默宁，按照GB／T17322．10-1998方法对白纹伊蚊进行实验室和现场药效观察。结果以丙烯酸乙酯为原料合成出伊默宁原药，摩尔收率为82％；实验室药效测试10％的伊默宁0．120mg／cm^2剂量，对白纹伊蚊有效保护时间为6h，现场应用对蚊虫有效保护时间为5h。结论伊默宁驱避剂性质稳定，驱蚊效果好，使用安全，生产成本低，具有良好的应用前景。     

盐酸度洛西汀的波谱学研究

报道并解析了盐酸度洛西汀的红外光谱、紫外光谱、质谱、氢-氢相关谱、碳谱(13C-NMR,DEPT)、碳氢相关谱、碳氢远程相关谱,对所有1HNMR和13CNMR谱的信号进行归属,同时讨论了红外特征吸收峰所对应的官能团的振动形式。     

磷酸哌喹游离碱基的制备及红外光谱图测定

建立磷酸哌喹游离碱基的红外鉴别法,采用氢氧化钠试液碱化,乙醚提取游离碱基,傅立叶红外分光光度计测定红外光谱。从磷酸哌喹及双氢青蒿素哌喹片中获取的游离碱基,其红外光图谱均与哌喹对照品图谱一致。所建方法专属性强、灵敏度高,操作简便,可作为磷酸哌喹及其制剂鉴别的有效方法。     

Effects of transforming growth factor-beta deficiency on bone development: a Fourier transform-infrared imaging analysis

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a cytokine member of the TGF-β superfamily involved in the control of proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. TGF-β1 plays an important role in bone formation and resorption. To determine the effect of TGF-β1 deficiency on bone mineral and matrix, tibias from mice in which TGF-β1 expression had been ablated (TGF-β1 null) were analyzed and compared with background- and age-matched wild-type (WT) control animals by Fourier transform-infrared imaging (FTIRI) and histochemistry. FTIRI allows the characterization of nondemineralized thin tissue sections at the ultrastructural level with a spatial resolution of 7 μm. The spectroscopic parameters calculated were: mineral-to-matrix ratio (previously shown to correspond to ash weight); mineral crystallinity (related to the crystallographically determined crystallite size and perfection in the apatite c-axis direction); and collagen maturity (related to the ratio of pyridinoline:deH-DHLNL collagen cross-links). Several fields were selected to represent different stages of bone development within the same specimen from the secondary ossification center to the distal diaphysis. Anatomically equivalent areas were compared as a function of age and genotype. The spectroscopic results were expressed both as color-coded images and as pixel population distributions for each of the three parameters monitored. Based on comparisons of histochemistry and FTIRI, there were distinctive age and genotype variations. At all ages examined, in the TGF-β1 null mice growth plates, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen maturity were reduced, but no effect on mineral content or crystallinity was noted. In the TGF-β1 null mice metaphyses, there was a persistence of trabeculae, but no significant alterations in mineral content or crystallinity. In contrast, mineral content, mineral crystallinity, and collagen maturity were reduced in the secondary ossification center and cortical bone of the TGF-β1 null mice. These results, consistent with a mechanism of impaired bone maturation in the TGF-β1 null mice, may be directly related to TGF-β1 deficiency and indirectly to increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in the TGFβ1 null mice.     

二甲双胍治疗多囊卵巢综合征克罗米酚抵抗疗效观察

目的: 探讨二甲双胍(MTF)治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不孕患者克罗米酚(CC)抵抗的效果. 方法: 22例CC抵抗PCOS不孕患者中合并胰岛素抵抗(IR)者20例,改为口服MTF,3 mo未妊娠者加服CC 3个周期. 采取自身对照法,观察其用药前后排卵恢复情况、妊娠结局及血胰岛素水平、IR指数、体重指数(BMI)、性激素等指标的变化. 结果: 20例合并IR的患者服用MTF 6 mo后12例(60%)恢复排卵;其中10例(50%)妊娠,均未发生流产;8例无效,但用药6 mo后BMI、空腹胰岛素(I0),IR指数,T及LH/FSH均明显降低(P均＜0.05). 结论: CC抵抗PCOS不孕患者多数存在IR,应用MTF治疗可改善患者的排卵率及妊娠率,且经济方便.     

胰岛素抵抗对犬血小板及红细胞功能的影响

目的:研究胰岛素抵抗对犬血小板及红细胞功能的影响.方法:选12只Beagle犬,6只犬经高脂喂养6个月复制胰岛素抵抗模型,另6只作为对照,给予普通喂养,观察喂养前后生化指标、血小板及红细胞功能的变化.结果:高脂喂养6个月后,实验犬出现明显的代谢异常,即肥胖、胆固醇及甘油三酯明显升高(P＜0.01)、氧化应激状态和胰岛素抵抗,并出现血小板过度活化的表现,即血小板聚集率明显增高(P＜0.05),血小板表面黏附分子(P-Selectin和GPⅡb/Ⅲa)表达增加(P＜0.01),血小板内钙离子浓度增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);同时,犬红细胞变形能力明显下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:胰岛素抵抗可造成犬血小板过度活化以及红细胞变形能力下降,代谢异常和氧化应激状态是导致血小板和红细胞功能异常的主要原因.改善血液流变学指标是胰岛素抵抗条件下血管保护的重要内容.