2005年全国碘缺乏病监测8～10岁儿童智力测定结果分析

目的了解全民食盐加碘10年后8-10岁儿童智力水平。方法以省为单位采用人口比例概率抽样方法(PPS),按省份、年龄、性别和碘营养状况分组,用中国联合型瑞文测验(CRT-C2)方法测定儿童智商(IQ)。结果全民食盐加碘10年后,32个省份的38 448名儿童中,IQ均值为103．4。其中男、女儿童IQ均值分别为103．4和102．0,IQ≤69者占4．4％。实施食盐加碘措施较差的省份,儿童IQ明显低于全国平均值。碘营养适宜时IQ均值最高(103．8),碘不足时儿童IQ均值降低(98．7),碘过量(103．2)与碘适宜比较儿童IQ值未见明显改变。结论碘不足明显影响了8-10岁儿童智力发展,在全国非高碘病区实施食盐加碘防治碘缺乏病策略是正确、有效的;非高碘地区碘过量没有明显影响8-10岁儿童智力发育;近10年来,随着生活水平的提高,全国儿童智力发育水平又有所增长,现有的IQ检测常模有必要再重新修订。     

芪参益气滴丸与西药联合治疗冠心病心绞痛气虚血瘀证患者临床疗效及对患者心功能的影响

目的：探讨芪参益气滴丸与西药联合治疗冠心病心绞痛气虚血瘀证患者临床疗效及对患者心功能的影响。方法将67例中医辩证分型为气虚血瘀证的冠心病心绞痛患者根据就诊先后顺序将患者分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者给予常规西药治疗,观察组患者给予芪参益气滴丸与西药联合治疗,两组均连续治疗2个月后观察心绞痛疗效和治疗前后心功能指标左室射血分数（ LVEF）、心输出量（ CO）、加速指数（ ACI）、胸腔液体含量（ TFC）和体血管阻力（ SVR）变化。结果观察组心绞痛总有效率为79.41％,显著高于对照组的63.64％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组治疗后LVEF、CO、ACI较治疗前显著升高,TFC、SVR显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后LVEF、CO、ACI显著高于对照组治疗后,TFC显著低于对照组治疗后,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论芪参益气滴丸与西药联合治疗冠心病心绞痛气虚血瘀证患者心绞痛疗效确切,且能显著改善患者心功能,具有重要的临床意义。     

从阳虚论治干燥综合征病案剖析

阴阳既是对立的也是相互转化的,在阴阳变化中导师郭立中教授认为阳气始终处于主导地位,即所谓的"阳主阴从"。故在临床治疗疾病时,郭立中教授多以温阳药为主。干燥综合征临床多以"阴液亏虚,燥热内盛"为主要病机指导临床辨证治疗,而导师从"阳气亏虚,阳不化阴"这一角度治疗并起到了较为理想的效果。这一治疗思路为临床治疗干燥综合征提供了新的观点,本文通过剖析郭立中教授干燥综合征一则临床验案,阐析以上观点。     

动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的 观察动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis ,KOA）的临床疗效。方法 将符合纳入标准的60例肝肾亏虚型KOA患者随机分为试验组与对照组,每组30例。试验组给予动力灸治疗,对照组予以普通针刺治疗,两组均每天治疗1次,连续治疗21 d为1个疗程。1个疗程结束后比较两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（the Westem Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC）、中医证候评分及临床疗效,并记录两组不良反应情况。结果 治疗后两组患者VAS评分、WOMAC评分、中医证候评分较治疗前均明显改善（P<0.05）,且试验组改善程度明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组有1例患者出现晕针情况,而试验组患者均未出现不良反应。结论 动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型KOA疗效确切,不良反应少,能有效地缓解膝关节疼痛,改善患者的生活质量。     

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Iron Deficiency Anemia in the Korean Population: Results of the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

This study assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among participants of the fifth Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010. Of 8,958 participants, 6,758 individuals ≥10 yr had sufficient data for the analysis of anemia and iron status. ID was defined as a transferrin saturation <10% or serum ferritin <15 µg/L. The prevalence of ID and IDA was 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3%-2.6%) and 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.0%), respectively, in males, and 22.4% (95% CI, 20.7%-24.2%) and 8.0% (95% CI, 6.8%-9.2%), respectively, in females. In reproductive age females, the prevalence of ID and IDA was 31.4% (95% CI, 28.9%-33.8%) and 11.5% (95% CI, 9.6%-13.4%), respectively. Compared to the prevalence of IDA in adult males 18-49 yr, the relative risks of IDA in adults ≥65 yr, lactating females, premenopausal females, and pregnant females were 8.1, 35.7, 42.8, and 95.5, respectively. Low income, underweight, iron- or vitamin C-poor diets were also associated with IDA. For populations with defined risk factors in terms of age, gender, physiological state and socioeconomic and nutritional status, national health policy to reduce IDA is needed.

Graphical Abstract

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Neuroimagerie de l’insight dans la schizophrénie : revue de la littérature

ObjectivesInsight in psychiatry has been defined and conceptualized in a number of ways but none of them was found to be self-explanatory. There has been an exponential rise in studies of insight, in part accelerated by the availability of several psychometric scales for measuring insight. Lack of insight has been associated in schizophrenia with low treatment adherence, a high number of relapses, increased number of hospital admissions, and subsequently poorer psychological and cognitive functioning. For this reason, there is considerable interest in understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of insight, which may have important implications for the development of future insight-oriented neuro-psychiatric treatment. Neuroimaging may be considered an important technique to help understand the anatomical, functional and metabolic neurocircuitry underlying poor insight in schizophrenia. Growing neuroimaging research provides evidence for underlying brain impairment in insight deficits in schizophrenia. In order to expose a panoramic view to the readers, this article reviews the neuroimaging studies conducted to date, which have investigated the neural bases of insight in schizophrenia.MethodsElectronic searches were performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Sciencedirect and Web of Science databases, using the following keywords: Imaging; neuroimaging; Positron Emission Tomography (PET); spectroscopy; functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI); structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT); Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM); Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI); Computed Tomography (CT); Insight; schizophrenia; awareness of illness. Searches were also performed from the references of the systematic review articles on neurobiological correlates of insight in schizophrenia. Animal studies and single case reports were excluded. Twenty-five articles were selected for the present review. From these; 12 used structural MRI; 6 used VBM; 3 used fMRI; 2 used CT; 1 used DTI and 1 used VBM combined to DTI.ResultsThe search showed that studies in this area were published recently and that the neuroanatomic substrate of insight in schizophrenia has not yet been consolidated. This inconsistency could arise from the complex nature of insight and the use of a variety of insight assessments. Most of the studies analyzed in this review used structural neuroimaging techniques to assess brain abnormalities associated with poor insight. The functional neuroanatomy of insight has only recently been investigated and to our knowledge, there are only 3 studies that have examined brain activity with fMRI in relation to insight in schizophrenia.ConclusionThis review investigated the neural deficiencies underlying poor insight in schizophrenic patients. In spite of methodological differences among studies, results provide evidence of structural and functional brain abnormalities in frontal, parietal and temporal region related to insight deficits. Some studies have found a hemispheric asymmetry in relationship to poor in insight (the majority of brain abnormalities concern the right hemisphere). In addition, growing research indicated that the prefrontal cortex, particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulated cortex, the insula, the precuneus and the cerebellum can also underlying insight in schizophrenia. It is interesting to mention that some authors have suggested that each dimension of insight can be specifically linked to certain brain structures. Taking together, data on the neuropsychological and neuroanatomical correlates of clinical insight suggested that lack of insight in schizophrenia could be conceived as a neurocognitive deficit, analogously to anosognosia in brain injury and dementia. On the contrary, to date, the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive insight have been scarcely studied. Only two studies reported that Self-reflectiveness was positively related to gray matter volume of the right ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex, the BCIS composite index was positively correlated with total left hippocampal volume, and Self-certainty was inversely correlated with bilateral hippocampal volumes. However, it is important to note that neuroimaging research on cognitive insight in schizophrenia is in a preliminary, and the results on this are inconclusive. Further research is needed to better understand the causal relationships between brain abnormalities and degradation of insight in schizophrenia.     

Pantomography of Flat Layers

The effects of in vivo zinc deficiency and restricted food intake, on the in vitro synthesis of glycosaminoglycans of rib cartilage were studied in the rat. ³⁵S-sulfate and ¹⁴C-glucosamine were used as precursors. The glycosaminoglycans were separated on microcolumns and specific radioactivities determined for the different fractions.

Chemical analyses showed that zinc deficiency or reduced food intake did not cause any qualitative or quantitative changes in the glycosaminoglycans. The radioassays indicated that zinc deficiency and reduced food intake, alone or combined, caused a somewhat lowered synthetic rate of chondroitin sulfate. In the discussion it is underlined that it seems difficult to determine conclusively the importance of zinc for the formation of the mucopolysaccharides through further in vivo deficiency studies, because of the difficulties to control and evaluate the inanition factor.     

碘缺乏对BALB/c小鼠促甲状腺激素β剪接变体基因表达的影响

目的 制备碘缺乏小鼠模型,检测促甲状腺激素(TSH)β剪接变体(TSHβ-Ⅴ)是否受循环中甲状腺激素的调节,探讨免疫系统来源的TSHβ-Ⅴ在维持甲状腺自稳态中的作用.方法 选用离乳BALB/c小鼠20只,雌雄各半.小鼠按体质量和性别随机分为2组,每组10只.对照组:饮去离子水,普通饲料喂养;低碘组:饮去离子水,低碘饲料(含碘量20 - 40μg /kg)喂养,每日碘摄入量约为0.25μg/d.3个月后处死小鼠,化学发光免疫分析法(CIA)检测小鼠血清中甲状腺激素和TSH水平,实时定量(RT)-PCR法测定小鼠骨髓、外周血、甲状腺、垂体TSHβ-Ⅴ的表达.结果 低碘组小鼠血清总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)[ (0.47±0.70)nmol/L、(2.41±0.28)pmol/L、(0.76±0.08 )nmol/L、(4.01±0.40) pmol/L]显著低于对照组[(55.2±3.68)nmol/L、(32.72±1.02) pmol/L、(1.10±0.06)nmol/L、(5.40±0.38 )pmol/L,t=43.81、86.04、9.81、7.51,P均＜0.01];低碘组小鼠TSH[(35.67±17.39)mU/L]明显高于对照组[(0.24±0.10)mU/L,t =-6.11、,P＜0.001];低碘组小鼠骨髓、外周血TSHβ-Ⅴ mRNA表达水平[(9.62±0.60)、(9.25±0.83)]均低于正常对照组(7.69±0.36、7.11±0.41,t=6.77、5.64,P均＜0.001);低碘组小鼠甲状腺TSHβ-Ⅴ mRNA表达(9.32±0.91)与对照组(9.12±0.62)相比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.45,P＞0.05);在骨髓、外周血、甲状腺未检出天然型TSHβ;垂体中TSHβ-Ⅴ mRNA和天然型TSHβ表达水平(1.99±0.61、- 7.17±1.78)均高于对照组(5.75±0.98、-1.43±0.51,t=-8.02、- 7.60,P均＜0.01].结论 低碘饮食引发小鼠甲状腺功能低下,抑制骨髓和外周血TSHβ-Ⅴ mRNA的表达,提示免疫系统来源的TSHβ-Ⅴ可能具有比天然型TSHβ更重要的免疫-甲状腺调节作用.     

2010年福建省碘缺乏病高危地区重点调查结果分析

目的 调查福建省碘缺乏病高危地区新发地方性克汀病(简称地克病)、地方性甲状腺肿流行现况及防治措施落实情况,为制订有针对性的防治策略措施提供科学依据.方法 2010年,在碘盐监测覆盖率较低的秀屿区、翔安区、平潭县、东山县各抽取3个乡(镇),进行10岁以下新发地克病病例搜索;在每个乡(镇)抽取2所小学,每所小学抽取40名8～ 10岁儿童进行甲状腺B超检查,同时采集尿样,用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘;在小学所在村抽取20名18 ～40岁育龄妇女,采集食用盐样和尿样,用半定量法测定盐碘,砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘.结果 病例搜索未发现新发地克病及疑似地克病病例;8 ～ 10岁儿童总体甲状腺肿大率为3.6％ (37/1027),但东山县为5.4％( 13/240),超过国家消除碘缺乏病标准(＜5％);8～10岁儿童和18～40岁育龄妇女的尿碘中位数分别为175.3、152.7 μg/L;碘盐覆盖率为82.7％ (382/462).结论 福建省碘缺乏病高危地区未发现新发地克病及疑似地克病病例,人群尿碘中位数处于适宜水平.     

平顶山市2006～2010年居民户碘盐监测结果分析

目的分析平顶山市居民碘盐食用情况,为消除碘缺乏病(IDD)防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2006～2010年,在平顶山市,每年按照东、西、南、北、中抽取9个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取4个行政村(居委会),每个行政村(居委会)抽取8户居民食用盐。采用直接滴定法检测碘盐。结果 2006～2010年共检测13 668份居民户食用盐,合格碘盐12 685份,不合格碘盐510份,非碘盐443份,碘盐覆盖率为96.54%(13 225/13 668)。碘盐合格率为96.94%(12 685/13325),合格碘盐食用率93.59%(12 685/13 668),非碘盐率3.24%(443/13 668)。结论平顶山市各县(区)居民户合格碘盐达到国家消除碘缺乏病(IDD)的控制标准,但有少数县(区)碘盐质量有待提高。在今后的工作中还应利用多种形式加大宣传IDD防治知识,对广大群众进行健康教育,增强自我防护意识,使他们能自觉抵制私盐,拒绝购买非碘盐。