腮腺良性和恶性多形性腺瘤的超声研究

目的研究腮腺良性和恶性多形性腺瘤的超声特点,为临床医师诊治提供有效依据。方法选取腮腺良性多形性腺瘤患者79例和恶性多形性腺瘤患者15例,对其肿块的大小、硬度、内部回声、彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)特点结合病理学诊断进行对照研究。结果恶性多形性腺瘤的声像图特点与良性多形性腺瘤相似,但其肿瘤相对较大,质地更硬,内部回声分布更紊乱。不同性质的肿瘤的大小和质地有显著性差异,(P<0.01)。结论多形性腺瘤的超声诊断主要依据二维图像之特点。当多形性腺瘤大于3.0 cm,硬度较硬,内部回声分布不均多提示恶性。     

Curative Laparoscopic Resection for Pancreatic Neoplasms: A Critical Analysis from a Single Institution

Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery (LPS) has seen significant development but much of the knowledge refers to small and benign pancreatic tumors. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and long-term outcome of the laparoscopic approach in patients with benign, premalignant, and overt malignant lesions of the pancreas. This study, currently, is the largest single center experience worldwide. One hundred twenty-three consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic pancreatic surgery from April 1998 to April 2007, 20 patients with cysts or pseudocysts for acute and chronic pancreatitis, laparoscopic pancreatic drainage was performed, and were excluded from the analysis. The 103 patients were divided based on preoperative diagnosis: group I, inflammatory tumors for chronic pancreatitis (eight patients); group II, cystic pancreatic neoplasms (29 patients); group III, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (10 patients); group IV, neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors (NETs) (43 patients); and group V ductal adenocarcinoma (13 patients). The median tumor size was 5.3 cm. Pathologic data include R ₀ or R ₁ resection (transection margins on the specimen were inked). Perioperative data, postoperative complications, and resection modalities were compared using statistical analysis. Long-term outcomes were analysed by tumor recurrence and patient survival. The overall conversion rate was 7%. Laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection was performed in 82 patients (79.6%). Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (Lap SPDP) was performed in 52 patients (63.7%), but with splenic vessels preservation in 22% and without splenic vessels preservation in 41.5%. Laparoscopic en-bloc splenopancreatectomy (Lap SxDP) was performed in 30 patients (36.6%) and laparoscopic enucleation (Lap En) in 20 patients (19.4%). There was no mortality. The overall complication rate was 25.2, 16.7, and 40% after Lap SPDP, Lap SxDP, and Lap En, respectively. The overall morbidity rate was significantly higher (p > 0.05) in the group of Lap SPDP without splenic vessels preservation comparing with Lap SPDP with splenic vessels preservation because of the occurrence of splenic complications (20.6%). The overall pancreatic fistulas was 7.7, 10, and 35% after Lap SPDP, Lap SxDP, and Lap En, respectively; the severity of fistula was significantly higher in the Lap En group (p > 0.05). The mean hospital stay was within 1 week in all groups, except in the group of ductal adenocarcinoma, which is 8 days. In this series, 27 patients (26.2%) had malignant disease. R ₀ resection was achieved in 90% of ductal adenocarcinoma and 100% for other malignant tumors. The median survival for ductal adenocarcinoma patients was 14 months. This series demonstrates that LPS is feasible and safe in benign-appearing and malignant lesions of the pancreas.     

107例胃肠间质瘤的病理学分析及临床诊治

目的总结胃肠间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理和免疫组织化学(免疫组化)特征,并评价预后。方法对1996年4月至2005年10月收治的107例GIST患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果107例GIST病例中,73例(68.2%)为胃间质瘤,其他为小肠、结肠和系膜、网膜及后腹膜间质瘤;肿瘤直径0.7～20cm。CD117和vimentin阳性率100%,CD34阳性率83.2%。107例患者均接受手术治疗,联合脏器切除14例次。总随访率83.2%,平均随访24.5个月。14例(13.1%)发现复发或转移,其中4例为GIST中度恶性风险者。10例为高度恶性风险者;死亡4例。结论GIST的确诊主要依靠病理及免疫组化,CD117是诊断GIST的重要标记物,手术完整切除肿瘤效果满意,恶性GIST宜行较大范围的切除术。必要时须行联合脏器切除。     

Turcot syndrome confirmed with molecular analysis

Turcot syndrome is clinically characterized by the occurrence of primary brain tumor and colorectal tumor and has, in previous reports, been shown associated with germline mutations in the genes APC , MLH1 , MHS6 , and PMS2 . To date, only few families have been documented by molecular analysis. We report two new families with Turcot syndrome to illustrate and review its characteristics and facilitate diagnosis. Molecular analysis revealed two germline mutations, one in the MLH1 gene and one in MSH2 . The latter has never been describe in the literature. Personal and familial relevant anamnestic data from patients with glioma might aid in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. The subsequent molecular characterization may contribute to the appropriate care of affected patients and asymptomatic gene carriers.     

36例原发胃肠道淋巴瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨提高原发胃肠道淋巴瘤术前诊断率及治疗效果的方法。方法：对36例原发胃肠道淋巴瘤患者的临床表现、体征及辅助检查进行分析，通过COX回归等统计方法对其预后因素及生存率等进行分析。结果：该病临床表现无特异性；诊断主要依靠内窥镜病理活检；手术方式、综合治疗完成情况、临床分期为与预后有关的影响因素。结论：提高对该病临床表现及内镜、造影检查特点的认识，采用正确的活检方法是提高术前诊断率的关键；以手术及化疗为主的综合治疗措施是提高疗效的关键。     

全器械吻合法在全胃切除术后胃肠道重建中的应用(附56例报告)

目的评价机械吻合在全胃切除后消化道重建中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析56例胃恶性肿瘤患者全胃切除后应用管状吻合器吻合进行消化道重建的临床资料。结果本组每例手术时间为70～180min，平均手术时间90．5min。无手术死亡。术后无一例发生吻合口瘘（食管空肠吻合处）；4例发生吻合口溃疡，2例发生吻合口狭窄，吻合口狭窄率为3．57％，吻合口溃疡发生率为7．10％。结论全机械吻合在全胃切除术中具有操作简便、安全可靠、疗效确切，可缩短手术时间，减少术后吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄率等优点，值得推广应用。     

输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢良性肿瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的:分析输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征,探讨CT对输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢附件良性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析13例输卵管卵巢脓肿和11例卵巢良性肿瘤的CT表现。结果:绝经前患者输卵管卵巢脓肿12例(12/13例),良性肿瘤组4例(4/11例)。脓肿13例(13/13例)、良性肿瘤9例(9/11例),CT表现为附件区囊实性肿块,脓肿和良性肿瘤边缘轮廓模糊不清分别为11例(11/13例)和4例(4/11例),两组显示囊壁增厚和边缘层状增强分别为10例(10/13例)和2例(2/11例)。脓肿的子宫骶骨韧带增厚和骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊分别为10/13例和9/11例,而良性肿瘤组无1例发生。结论:附件脓肿壁增厚和层状增强,子宫骶骨韧带增厚及骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊有助于鉴别输卵管卵巢脓肿和卵巢良性肿瘤。     

十二指肠间质瘤的临床特征及外科治疗

目的探讨十二指肠间质瘤的临床特征及外科治疗效果. 方法回顾性分析我科1990～2004年14例十二指肠间质瘤的临床资料. 结果病理类型:良性2例,潜在恶性4例,恶性8例.50.0%(7/14)发生在降部,其中恶性占57.1%(4/7).临床表现为右上腹肿物(6/14),右上腹隐痛不适(5/14)和乏力、体重下降(3/14),诊断手段为十二指肠低张造影(13/14)、B超(13/14)和CT(9/14).肿瘤距离十二指肠大乳头＜3 cm或位于降部、直径≥5 cm者宜行胰十二指肠切除术,肿瘤距离十二指肠大乳头＞3 cm及较小者宜行十二指肠节段性切除术. 结论十二指肠间质瘤恶性多见,临床表现无特异性,主要依靠十二指肠低张造影、B超、CT、EUS确诊,对无远处转移的肿瘤应积极争取根治性切除.     

CT在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊中的价值

目的:探讨急诊外伤性胃肠穿孔的CT征象及诊断价值。方法:收集18例经手术证实的外伤性胃肠道穿孔的临床资料及CT征象,分析与总结胃肠道破裂穿孔CT扫描的各种有价值的表现。结果:18例外伤急诊患者中,胃、十二指肠、空回肠与结肠穿孔各1,2,12,3例,其中空回肠为多处破裂,CT主要征象为腹腔散在积液征、游离气腹征、肠系膜与肠壁增厚模糊征、造影剂外溢征。结论:CT扫描在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊患者的检查中有定性诊断价值,综合分析各种征象,会明显提高CT的诊断正确率。     

Malignancies following long-term azathioprine treatment in chronic liver disease

ABSTRACT— One hundred and fifty-four patients with histologically verified nonalcoholic chronic liver disease were randomized to azathioprine or prednisone treatment. After a median of 91 months observation time, the cause of death was assessed retrospectively. Autopsy was performed in 82% of 71 deaths. In the azathioprine group 33% (13/39) died from malignant neoplasia, and in the prednisone group (13%) (4/32) (p = 0.08). Considering a possible fatal outcome as a consequence of treatment, this finding urges caution in the long-term application of azathioprine at the usual dose level.