外科围手术期抗生素的合理应用

抗生素作为外科手术领域预防术后感染的重要措施，应用相当广泛。抗生素应用于细菌感染之前，可使术后感染率大大降低。但抗生素预防应用不当，不仅达不到预防作用，而且容易产生二重感染。因此，抗生素在外科围手术期的合理使用与手术的成功及患者的恢复密切相关。近年来，随着抗生素的发展，围手术期抗生素的应用，抗生素预防性用药的概念与传统观念相比已有很大的变化，在药物选择及临床应用等方面均有较大进展。本文对此作以简介。     

嗜铬细胞瘤围手术期监护

嗜铬细胞瘤好发于肾上腺髓质．少数亦可发生于交感神经系统的其它部位。由其引起的高血压极富有戏剧性变化，病情变幻莫测，手术切除嗜铬细胞瘤是最有效的治疗方法。但因其疾病的特殊性，手术具有相当的风险。做好围手术期监护是提高手术成功率的关键。我院自1987—2002年以来共收治嗜铬细胞病人53例，现将嗜铬细胞瘤围手术期监护报告如下：     

1岁以下小儿腭裂手术麻醉期间呼吸道管理体会

1岁以下小儿腭裂手术麻醉成功与否的关键在于麻醉期间呼吸道管理，本文通过对1999～2003年间我院治疗的28例1岁以下腭裂手术患儿的观察，探讨婴儿腭裂手术麻醉期间呼吸道管理的一些特点。     

早期和代偿期肝硬化的临床与病理学研究

我国属乙肝病毒感染发病率较高的国家，HBsAg携带者约1．2亿，每年新感染者在150万例以上，约10％-20％发展为肝硬化，约5％发展成肝癌，对人民健康及社会、家庭危害很大。客观存在迫使我们尽量在防治方面做些探讨，因而于20世纪80年代起再次在50年代病毒性肝炎重复肝活检发现肝炎和肝纤维化、肝硬化基础上，进一步研究肝硬化的病因、治疗和预防     

Syndecan-1及E钙粘素在胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌预后的关系

Syndecan是一组跨膜硫酸乙酰肝素糖蛋白(HSPGS)，存在于大多数上皮细胞表面，并与钙粘素、整合素共同构成细胞间粘附分子复合体，参与细胞与胞外基质之间的粘附作用。已证实Syndecan—1表达减少或缺如可促进肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移。E-钙粘素(E—CD)是一种钙依赖性细胞粘附分子，存在于正常细胞中，以维持组织正常形态，它具有特殊的     

Rosiglitazone down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of CD40 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells through a NF-κB dependent mechanism

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism by which PPARγ ligand, rosiglitasone, regulates the expression of CD40 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods RPMCs were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rat peritoneal cavity and maintained under defined in vitro conditions. The cells were randomly divided into groups as follows: medium, LPS (5 mg/L), LPS (5 mg/L)+BAY11-7085(5 μmol/L, NF-κB inhibitor), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L or 20 μmol/L, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activator), LPS (5 mg/L)+rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L)+GW9662 (3 μmol/L, peroxisome proliferator-aetivatcd receptor γ antagonist), and LPS (5 mg/L)+vehicle (DMSO 0.2 ml/L). The expressions of CD40 and ICAM-1 RNA in RPMCs were examined by RT-PCR after 3 hour treatment, and the protein expressions of CD40, ICAM-1, p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα were examined by Western blot or immunofluorescence after 24 hour treatment. Results Following treatment with LPS, both the expressions of CD40 and ICAM-1 protein in RPMCs were up-regulated significantly (P<0.05), and the phosphoralation of p65 was increased greatly (1.10±0.17 vs 0.55±0.06, P<0.05). BAY11-7085 (5 μmol/L) significantly decreased the protein expression of p-p65 (0.22±0.11 vs 1.10±0.17, P<0.01), CD40 (0.34±0.02 vs 0.50±0.06, P<0.05) and ICAM-1 (0.35±0.16 vs 0.74±0.03, P<0.05). Pretreated with rosiglitazone for 3 h then added with LPS for 1 h, the levels of p-p65, CD40 and ICAM-1 in RPMCs were significantly decreased compared with those of LPS group (0.77±0.08 vs 0.90±0.10, P相似文献   

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于老年开胸手术的探讨

老年人体质相对较差，对麻醉药耐受性较差。为保证手术顺利平稳，术后患者能及时苏醒，我们采用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于老年开胸手术，效果满意。现报告如下。