金银花多糖的提取、精制及含量测定

目的提取金银花中的多糖,精制并进行含量测定。方法采用热水法提取、乙醇沉淀制备粗多糖;Sevag法去蛋白制备精制多糖;苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量。结果粗多糖和精制多糖中多糖的含量分别为61．27％和80．54％。结论得到了高纯度的精制多糖。     

提高芦丁提取效率的优化设计

目的筛选出对芦丁提取具有较好协同作用的非离子型表面活性剂,优化卢丁提取工艺。方法考察常见非离子型表面活性荆对卢丁提取效率的影响,以筛选出的提取效率较好的非离子型表面活性剂作为协同剌．采用L9（3^4）正交试验。对影响槐花米提取效果的诸因素（药材的粉碎度、表面活性剂用量、溶剂用量、加热时间）进行优选。结果Tween-20对芦丁的提取具有明显协同作用。药材粉碎度和表面活性剂用量为显著性影响因子。其他两个因素虽有影响,但均为非显著性影响因子。结论在本实验条件下芦丁的最佳提取工艺条件为：药材用量10g、药材为细粉、Tweerl-20周量0．05g、溶剂200ml、提取时间30min。     

辛夷挥发油的GC指纹图谱

目的建立辛夷挥发油指纹图谱测定方法,为辛夷药材的质量控制提供可靠方法。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同产地的辛夷的挥发油;用毛细管气相色谱技术测定指纹图谱。色谱条件:DB-17石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm,美国Agilent公司);氢火焰离子化检测器;进样口温度为250℃;检测器温度为250℃;柱温以65℃为起始温度,以2℃.min-1升温至90℃,以8℃.min-1升温至145℃,以2℃.min-1升温至155℃,以10℃.min-1升温至250℃,保持5 min。载气为氮气,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,分流比为5∶1,进样量为1μL。结果建立了辛夷药材的GC指纹图谱,标定了23个共有峰。结论该方法可为更好的控制辛夷药材的内在质量提供科学依据。     

沙生蜡菊花中黄酮类成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究沙生蜡菊(Helichrysum arenarium(L.)Moench)花的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱?ODS柱色谱和HPLC柱色谱分离纯化,依据理化性质、波谱数据分析进行结构鉴定。结果从沙生蜡菊花的甲醇提取物中分离得到8个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为山奈酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,1)、木犀草素3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,3)、木犀草素6-羟基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin6-hydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,4)、木犀草素3′-甲氧基-6-羟基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(luteolin3′-methoxyl-6-hydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5)、黄芩素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(scutellarein7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,6)、山柰酚3-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷(kaempferol3-gentiobioside,7)、山柰酚3-O-(3-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(kaempferol3-O-(3-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,8)。结论化合物2、4~8为首次从蜡菊属植物中分离得到。     

The Effects of Puerariae Flos on Stress-induced Deficits of Learning and Memory in Ovariectomized Female Rats

Puerariae flos (PF) is a traditional oriental medicinal plant and has clinically been prescribed for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of PF on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a Morris water maze (MWM) test in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. The changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system were assessed by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus after behavioral testing. The female rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonoperated and nonstressed group (normal), the sham-operated and stressed group (control), the ovariectomized and stressed group (OS), and the ovariectomized, stressed and PF treated group (OSF). Rats were exposed to immobilization stress (IMO) for 14 d (2 h/d), and PF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Results showed that treatments with PF caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a spatial memory task, and also increased the ChAT immunoreactivities. In conclusion, administration of PF improved spatial learning and memory in OVX rats, and PF may be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal-related dementia.     

基于数据挖掘及网络药理学探讨韩斐教授治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎经验

目的 探讨韩斐教授治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎的临床用药规律以及核心药对的潜在作用机制.方法 收集2019年4月至2021年4月于中国中医科学院广安门医院韩斐教授门诊就诊的过敏性鼻炎患儿的初诊处方,建立处方数据库.采用用药频数统计及关联规则算法挖掘韩斐教授治疗小儿过敏性鼻炎的核心药对,并利用网络药理学方法对核心药对的作用机制进行...     

LC-ESI-MS/MS法测定草棉花瓣提取物中组氨酸的含量

目的:建立测定草棉花瓣提取物中组氨酸含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法。色谱柱为Altima HP HILIC(150mm×2.1mm×3.0μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液(10∶90),流速为0.20mL·min-1,柱温为室温;离子源为ESI,正离子扫描,多反应离子监测模式,用于定量分析的离子反应为m/z156.4→m/z110.1。结果:组氨酸检测浓度在0.05135～0.61620μg·mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9995);平均加样回收率为99.8%,RSD=1.5%(n=9)。结论:本方法准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于草棉花瓣提取物的质量控制。     

杭白菊、当归、丹参提取液抑制黄褐斑形成及机制研究

目的观察杭白菊、当归、丹参提取液对im黄体酮及紫外(UV)照射导致的黄褐斑小鼠模型的抗氧化与抗黄褐斑形成作用。方法将小鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、维生素C组、杭白菊组、当归组、丹参组共6组。采用im黄体酮及辅助UV照射方法建立黄褐斑小鼠模型。测定各组肝脏及皮肤组织中的谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酪氨酸酶(TYR)活性与总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),以及丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、肝脏脂褐质水平,并测定血液流变学指标,进行皮肤病理学检查。结果杭白菊、当归、丹参提取液显著增强黄褐斑小鼠肝脏和皮肤中GSH-Px、SOD活性,降低MDA水平,抑制TYR增加,使黑素细胞(MC)生成减少,抑制黑色素合成,从而减轻皮肤色素沉着。结论杭白菊、当归、丹参提取液有一定的防治黄褐斑的功效,其作用与提高机体抗氧化能力,抑制TYR活性,减少黑色素的合成以及改善机体的血液流变学有关。     

葛根螺旋藻颗粒对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

目的：观察葛根螺旋藻颗粒对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢和脂代谢紊乱的影响。方法：采用SD大鼠喂饲高脂饲料4周后,一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素复制2型糖尿病动物模型。葛根螺旋藻颗粒以0.3、0.6、1.2g/kg的剂量灌胃给药,给药4周后检测空腹血糖、胰岛素和血脂水平。结果：与模型组比较,葛根螺旋藻颗粒高剂量组空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹血清胰岛素（FIns）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和游离脂肪酸（FFA）显著降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）显著升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;中剂量组FBG、TG、TC、LDL-C和FFA均显著降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,ISI有升高趋势。结论：葛根螺旋藻颗粒对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型有降低血糖,调节血脂,改善糖脂代谢紊乱的作用。     

Kudzu root: traditional uses and potential medicinal benefits in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

Kudzu root (Gegen in Chinese) is the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, a semi-woody, perennial and leguminous vine native to South East Asia. It is often used interchangeably in traditional Chinese medicine with thomson kudzu root (Fengen in Chinese), the dried root of P. thomsonii, although the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has separated them into two monographs since the 2005 edition. For more than 2000 years, kudzu root has been used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of fever, acute dysentery, diarrhoea, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Both English and Chinese literatures on the traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, quality control and potential interactions with conventional drugs of both species have been included in the present review. Over seventy phytochemicals have been identified in kudzu root, with isoflavonoids and triterpenoids as the major constituents. Isoflavonoids, in particular puerarin, have been used in most of the pharmacological studies. Animal and cellular studies have provided support for the traditional uses of kudzu root on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and endocrine systems, including diabetes and its complications. Further studies to define the active phytochemical compositions, quality standards and clinical efficacy are warranted. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge the gap between traditional medicine and modern biomedical medicine is therefore needed for the development of kudzu root as an effective medicine for the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.