经典名方药物考证关键问题分析与要点建议

笔者对已报道的经典名方药物考证相关研究进行系统梳理与分析，总结当前研究存在的问题与不足，提出经典名方药物考证要点建议，为经典名方药物考证相关研究提供借鉴。该文分别从注意古今药物考证内涵的异同、注重多维信息的综合利用、注重药物不同关键环节历史流变的梳理与考证、注重近代学名考订沿革梳理、注重尊古不泥古的考证原则、注重文献学基础知识等角度进行探讨，提出经典名方药物考证应对本草考证的现状、问题、成果进行深入的总结分析，吸收前人的优点，补充以往考证的不足，并在此基础上根据经典名方药物考证自身特点，形成特有的研究体系，注重历史变迁的脉络梳理，注重横断面分析，在全面分析基原、道地产区、药用部位与炮制等不同关键环节历史变迁基础上，充分吸收近现代研究成果，并结合当前生产力和认知水平，给出不同时期经典名方药物的合理关键信息，为经典名方的开发奠定坚实基础。     

经方组合临床运用举隅(三)

3经方配时方3.1小青龙汤配观音应梦散治疗感冒咳嗽刘某,男,60岁,2007年11月初诊。患者反复感冒咳嗽3个月,初期疏于治疗,到严重时又杂乱服药,服过各种抗生素、止咳糖浆之类,时好时坏,未曾歇止。近几天,工作压力大,精神极度疲乏,咳至通宵不眠,一阵阵畏寒,咽喉突发奇痒时,即气促咳嗽,     

莎拉·布莱曼与西方古典音乐传播

莎拉·布莱曼是当代著名跨界音乐女高音歌唱家之一。她以独特的演唱风格和舞台艺术魅力风靡世界,推动了西方古典音乐传播。文章着眼于她独特的演唱风格和舞台艺术表演,从跨界音乐的角度入手,分析并诠释了诸多西方古典声乐作品。这些声乐作品在她的演唱下由本位的高深难懂,转为通俗化被广大听众所接受。在西方古典音乐传播的过程和流行音乐商业化不断发展的当代环境下,她的演唱形式开拓了一条大众审美和社会音乐需求的西方古典音乐传播道路。     

经方中麻黄与石膏的配伍规律探析

通过对以麻黄和石膏为主要配伍的经方进行分析,归纳麻黄与石膏的主要配伍规律。认为麻黄与石膏既可相互制约,又可相互为用,通过剂量的调整和方中其他辅助药物的加减变化,二者配伍应用可以实现发汗清热兼顾、以发汗为主和以清热为主等不同治疗目的。     

中医药治疗痛风的研究进展

痛风是嘌呤代谢异常致使尿酸合成增加而导致的代谢性疾病,西药如秋水仙碱等用于痛风的治疗临床疗效确实可靠,但伴有一定的副作用而使其使用受到了限制,中药和天然药物用于治疗痛风具有疗效确切,安全,不良反应小等优势。笔者通过查阅近年来国内外的有关文献,重点从单方和经方、经验方等方面阐述中医药治疗痛风的研究进展,以期为抗痛风新药的开发提供科学依据。     

Activated complement classical pathway in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy

AIM: To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS: Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75%±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d (P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air. For the control group, the litters were raised in room air. At the postnatal 17d (P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway (CP), the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway (AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery. The expressions of C1qb and C4b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B (CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H (CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP (C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1 (MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎中医药防治组方规律分析

目的 探讨中医药防治新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)的用药规律和组方特点,为新冠肺炎治疗中药的配伍机制研究和复方中药开发提供数据支持。方法 收集2020年2月19日前国家及上海、浙江、广州、四川、吉林等地发布的中医药防治新冠肺炎诊疗方案共52张处方,采用Aprior关联规则算法,以支持度、置信度、提升度为指标,分析方剂中的高频药物、配伍规律和关联规则;采用PCA聚类分析法分析不同治疗时期处方的相似性与差异性。结果 藿香出现频率最高(超过30%),甘草、连翘、陈皮、金银花、苍术、黄芩、茯苓、生石膏、厚朴、草果、苦杏仁、生麻黄等也超过15%。这些高频中药的相互配伍,如金银花-连翘、苦杏仁-生石膏、陈皮-茯苓、苍术-厚朴、苍术-生麻黄-草果、苍术-厚朴-草果-藿香的支持度、置信度和提升度均很高,在新冠肺炎方防治剂中应用广泛。在新冠肺炎中医证型的不同时期,处方差异较大,PCA建模后划分成了6类,对应了6个不同的临床防治阶段,即预防/医学观察期、轻症期、中期、重症期、危重症期、恢复期,各期的组方呈现一定规律性。结论 以数据驱动方式对新冠肺炎的防治中药方剂进行对比研究,能有效反映用药配伍规律和各期处方的组方特点,可为中药配伍研究和复方中药的开发提供参考。     

含海洋药物的经方及其在妇科疾病治疗中的现代应用概况

通过分析《伤寒杂病论》中涉及的海洋药物及含海洋药物经方在现代妇科疾病辨治中的运用,并参照历代文献的相关阐述,探讨海洋药物药理作用的物质基础及临床应用的理论依据,分析海洋药物研究与发展的趋势,以帮助开拓用药思路,推动相关海洋药物治疗妇科疾病的现代化研究进程。     

Translation of hepatitis C virus RNA

The 341-nucleotide 5' non-translated region is the most conserved part of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. It contains a highly structured internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) that mediates cap-independent initiation of translation of the viral polyprotein by a mechanism that is unprecedented in eukaryotes. The first step in translation initiation is assembly of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 3, eIF2, GTP, initiator tRNA and a 40S ribosomal subunit into a 43S preinitiation complex. The HCV IRES recruits this complex and directs its precise attachment at the initiation codon to form a 48S complex in a process that does not involve eIFs 4A, 4B or 4F. The IRES contains sites that bind independently with the eIF3 and 40S subunit components of 43S complexes, and structural determinants that ensure the correct spatial orientation of these binding sites so that the 48S complex assembles precisely at the initiation codon.