于作洋从肺论治小儿遗尿症经验

于作洋教授致力于中医临床和教学30余年,具有丰富的临床经验,其认为疾病的发生离不开气机的紊乱,故在治疗上注重理肺调气。小儿遗尿症是儿童时期常见疾病,中医治疗此疾病优势显著。多数医家将其病因病机归于肾脾肺虚,提及肺于片瓦之地,并多从虚证论治,从实证论者寥寥无几。于教授治疗小儿遗尿症,重视从肺论治,提倡肺肾同治。肺主通调水道,为“水之上源”,且主一身气,调理气的升降出入,在水液代谢中起到枢纽作用;且肺为肾之母,母病及子,故从肺论遗尿不可小觑。根据小儿肺脾肾常不足的生理特点,以及易寒易热、易虚易实的病理特点,小儿遗尿症不能单责虚证,往往虚实夹杂,实证亦不得忽视。在治疗上强调辨证论治,推崇肺肾同治、虚实兼顾,以补肾为本,理气为重。多用缩泉丸、桑螵蛸散等补肾固摄,常选麻黄宣肺利水,柴胡、前胡、杏仁调理气机,兼有肺热者加减麻杏石甘汤、泻白散等清泻肺热,兼有肺虚者配伍补中益气汤等补肺益本,诸药合用,肺气得调,肾气得固,而遗尿自止。     

Adverse drug and device reactions in the oral cavity: Surveillance and reporting

BackgroundAccording to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 48 percent of Americans (roughly 144 million people) used at least one prescribed medication in the preceding month; 11 percent used five or more. The authors describe the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program, the safety surveillance system for drugs and devices in the United States, and the dentist's role with regard to voluntary reporting of adverse effects (AEs). They also identify the most frequent AEs in the oral cavity as reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsThe authors reviewed the literature regarding MedWatch, and they mined data in the FAERS public database for the 100 most commonly prescribed medications and their associated AEs.ResultsPharyngitis was the most common AE. Cough, dysgeusia and dysphagia also were common.ConclusionThe MedWatch program and its related databases contain useful information about AEs of pharmaceuticals and devices manifested in the oral cavity. Increased participation in the reporting of suspected adverse reactions will improve the national surveillance system and ultimately will protect patients' safety.Practical ImplicationsAs pharmaceutical consumption increases exponentially for a growing segment of the population, and as innovation in dental technology and devices flourishes, dentists have a distinct role in safeguarding patients' well-being. Promptly reporting AEs in the oral cavity improves quality of care and protects patients' well-being.     

Multisensory integration across exteroceptive and interoceptive domains modulates self-experience in the rubber-hand illusion

Identifying with a body is central to being a conscious self. The now classic “rubber hand illusion” demonstrates that the experience of body-ownership can be modulated by manipulating the timing of exteroceptive (visual and tactile) body-related feedback. Moreover, the strength of this modulation is related to individual differences in sensitivity to internal bodily signals (interoception). However the interaction of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals in determining the experience of body-ownership within an individual remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that this depends on the online integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals by implementing an innovative “cardiac rubber hand illusion” that combined computer-generated augmented-reality with feedback of interoceptive (cardiac) information. We show that both subjective and objective measures of virtual-hand ownership are enhanced by cardio-visual feedback in-time with the actual heartbeat, as compared to asynchronous feedback. We further show that these measures correlate with individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity, and are also modulated by the integration of proprioceptive signals instantiated using real-time visual remapping of finger movements to the virtual hand. Our results demonstrate that interoceptive signals directly influence the experience of body ownership via multisensory integration, and they lend support to models of conscious selfhood based on interoceptive predictive coding.     

Predictors of trait dissociation and peritraumatic dissociation induced via cold pressor

Understanding which factors predict individual dissociative response during stressful situations is important to clarify the nature of dissociation and the mechanisms associated to its use as a coping strategy. The present study examined (1) whether experiential avoidance (EA), anxiety sensitivity (AS), depressive symptoms, and state anxiety concurrently predicted trait dissociation (TD)—absorption, amnesia, depersonalization, and total TD scores—and laboratory induced dissociation (LID); and (2) whether TD and catastrophizing predicted LID. We also examined whether catastrophizing mediated the relationships between both AS and depressive symptoms and LID. A total of 101 female undergraduate students participated in a cold pressor task, which significantly induced dissociation. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that AS at Time 1 (9 months before the experimental session), as well as depressive symptoms and catastrophizing at the time of the experiment (Time 2), predicted LID at Time 2. Depressive symptoms at Time 2 predicted total TD, absorption, and amnesia scores. AS at Time 1 and depressive symptoms at Time 2 predicted depersonalization. AS, depressive symptoms, and catastrophizing seem to facilitate the use of dissociative strategies by healthy individuals, even in response to non-traumatic but discomforting stress.     

Women's experience of low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) during pregnancy

Objectiveto explore the experiences of women suffering low back and/or pelvic pain during pregnancy.Designa qualitative design using focus groups. Each group was recorded with a digital audio recorder and analysed using the Newell and Burnard framework for thematic analysis.Settingan urban maternity hospital.Participantsa self-selecting sample of 14 women who had taken part in a pilot randomised controlled trial investigating reflexology for pregnancyrelated low back and / or pelvic pain.Measurements and Findingsthe group discussions were guided by a pre-determined schedule of questions designed to investigate women's experiences of pregnancyrelated low back and / or pelvic pain. Three main themes emerged:

• (1)The physical and emotional impact that pregnancy-related low back and / or pelvic pain had on women's lives

• (2)Women's attitudes towards, and knowledge about pregnancy-related low back and/or pelvic pain

• (3)Women's use of treatments to manage their symptoms and levels of dissatisfaction with standard advice and treatment.

Key conclusionslow back and/ or pelvic pain affected women physically and emotionally during pregnancy. Their attitudes towards, and knowledge about the conditions differed. Women used a range of self-help strategies for their symptoms and there was a general sense of dissatisfaction with routine advice and treatment, a finding supported by a growing body of research.Implications for practicegiven that pregnancy-related low back and/ pelvic pain occur across the world, and affects the majority of pregnant women, heath care providers need to ensure that standard care provided is meeting women's needs.Health care professionals may require specific training in order to effectively provide individualised and evidence-based advice and support to pregnant women experiencing this pain.     

Exhaustion and endocrine functioning in clinical burnout: an in-depth study using the experience sampling method

The current study investigates the relationship between HPA-axis functioning and burnout symptoms by employing an electronic symptom diary. This diary method circumvents the retrospection bias induced by symptom questionnaires and allows to study relationships within-in addition to between-subjects. Forty two clinically burned-out participants completed the exhaustion subscale of the Maslach burnout inventory and kept an electronic diary for 2 weeks to assess momentary exhaustion and daily recovery through sleep. On 3 consecutive weekdays within the diary period, saliva was sampled to determine the cortisol awakening response (CAR), levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) on the first 2 weekdays, and to conduct the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) on the third weekday. We found significant relationships between endocrine values and general momentary symptom severity as assessed with the diary, but not with the retrospective questionnaire-assessed burnout symptoms. Simultaneous assessments of endocrine values and burnout symptoms assessed with the diary after awakening rendered significant associations between persons, and a trend within persons. More severe burnout symptoms were consistently associated with a lower level and smaller increase of CAR, higher DHEAS levels, smaller cortisol/DHEAS ratios and a stronger suppression after DST. Burnout symptoms were significantly related to endocrine functioning in clinical burnout under the best possible conditions of symptom measurement. This adds support to the view that severity of burnout symptoms is associated with HPA-axis functioning.     

56例急性胰腺炎内科治疗临床体会

目的：探究急性胰腺炎的内科治疗方法。方法选取该院2011年6月-2013年3月收治的内科治疗的56例急性胰腺炎患者,观察治疗时间、治疗效果和治疗前后乳酸脱氢酶, C反应蛋白,白细胞和血淀粉酶水平。结果56例急性胰腺炎患者内科治疗的时间为5～13（7．9±1．6）d;56例患者中治愈42例（75．00％）,明显好转11例（19．64％）,无好转3例（5．36％）,治疗有效率为94．64％;患者治疗后乳酸脱氢酶较治疗前明显上升,C反应蛋白、白细胞、血淀粉酶明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论急性胰腺炎采用内科治疗效果良好,治疗安全、可靠,当患者使用内科手段治疗无好转时需及时将其转入外科治疗,保证患者的治疗效果。     

基于顾客感知的医院服务质量满意度研究

目的 了解基于顾客感知的不同层级医院服务质量满意度情况,为医院服务质量持续改进提供参考.方法 根据PZB的服务质量模型,从有形性、可靠性、响应性、保证性、移情性5个方面设计调查问卷,于2013年4月～8月对广东省某三级医院、某二级医院的顾客进行随机抽样调查.结果 顾客对三级医院、二级医院服务质量总体比较满意,但在某些方面仍有差距,尤其是二级医院.结论 医院应重视基于顾客感知的医疗服务质量满意度,积极改进不足,努力满足顾客合理需求,促医疗服务质量不断提高.     

Immigration experience of Latin American working women in Alicante, Spain: an ethnographic study

OBJECTIVE:

to describe the experience of Latin American working women regarding immigration, taking into account the expectations and conditions in which this process takes place.

METHOD:

ethnographic qualitative study. Data collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews with 24 Latin American immigrant women in Spain. The information collected was triangulated through two focal groups.

RESULTS:

the expectations of migrant women focus on improving family living conditions. Social support is essential for their settling and to perform daily life activities. They declare they have adapted to the settlement country, although they live with stress. They perceive they have greater sexual freedom and power with their partners but keep greater responsibility in childcare, combining that with the role of working woman.

CONCLUSIONS:

migrant women play a key role in the survival of households, they build and create new meanings about being a woman, their understanding of life, their social and couple relationships. Such importance is shaped by their expectations and the conditions in which the migration process takes place, as well as their work integration.     

青少年系统性红斑狼疮患者疾病体验的质性研究

目的 深入了解青少年系统性红斑狼疮患者的疾病体验,为临床医护人员制订针对性的干预策略提供参考依据。方法 采用现象学研究方法,选取2022年1月—4月在北京市某三级甲等综合医院儿科就诊或住院的11例青少年系统性红斑狼疮患者进行半结构式访谈,使用Colaizzi 7步分析法提炼主题。结果 青少年系统性红斑狼疮患者的疾病体验可归纳为4个主题：(1)不良生理体验,包括疼痛、疲劳;(2)负性心理体验,包括遭受他人的伤害、对自我的偏见、对疾病的恐惧、对未来的担忧;(3)疾病应对方式,包括抵触与抗拒、妥协与屈服、接纳与调适;(4)正性心理体验,包括感受到他人关爱、获得自我成长。结论 儿科医护人员应重视青少年系统性红斑狼疮患者在患病过程中的身心感受,针对性地给予科学、有效的干预,以促进其身心舒适。