肩肱皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形疗效分析

目的:探讨颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的有效外科治疗手段。方法:采用瘢痕广泛松解、双侧或单侧肩肱皮瓣转移,同时用全厚皮片移植修复供瓣区创面。结果:本组21例中,17例手术一次性完成,4例分两次完成。不但改善了患者的上肢功能,还可进一步改善患者颈部的活动度。结论:瘢痕广泛松解、双侧或单侧肩肱皮瓣转移,同时用全厚皮片移植修复供瓣区创面是颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的有效外科治疗手段。     

颈段、胸上段食管癌的外科治疗

目的总结外科手术治疗颈段、胸上段食管癌（肿瘤上极距胸廓入口下方≤3cm）的临床经验,以提高手术疗效,减少术后并发症的发生。方法回顾性分析我院收治的142例颈段、胸上段食管癌患者的临床资料,其中行食管癌根治术122例,姑息切除术15例,总手术切除率为96.5%,探查术5例。主要重建手术术式包括：单纯剥脱胃代食管术、结肠代食管术、空肠代食管术、胸大肌皮瓣重建术;右胸-上腹-颈三切口胃代食管术、全喉切除＋胃代食管术、管胃代食管术,左胸-颈两切口、胃代食管术。结果住院死亡5例,其中2例死于肺部感染,1例结肠坏死致严重感染,1例姑息切除后胃气管漏致肺部感染,1例胃大量反流误吸。9例患者食管上切端发现癌残留。8例颈段食管癌和21例胸上段食管癌患者术后发生并发症,主要包括空肠坏死、结肠坏死、喉返神经损伤、肺部感染、吞咽功能障碍、食管反流。随访117例,随访率85.4%（117/137）,随访时间1～5年;失访20例。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为72%,48%和31%。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳa期患者的5年生存率分别为82.3%,61.2%,25.0%和5.0%。结论颈段和肿瘤上极距胸廓入口下方≤3cm的胸上段食管癌患者的手术治疗在手术方式、切除范围、术后并发症的防治、术后功能保留和恢复等方面尚需进一步探讨。     

芪丹煎剂有效成分提取方法优选研究

目的:研究芪丹煎剂有效成分超声法提取的最适条件.方法:利用正交试验设计,对水量、提取时间和提取次数进行分析,找出最适条件.按最适条件重复3次,考察重复性.结果:水量为14倍、提取时间为30min,提取次数为3次时有效成分的总含量最大,3次平行试验有效成分总含量RSD为0.86%.结论:超声法提取的最佳条件为:水量14倍、提取时间30min,提取次数3次.本方法重复性较好.     

Inhibitory action of a conditioning procedure on visual responsive neurons of the nucleus reticularis thalami in rats

Summary In urethane anesthetized rats neuronal responses of the visual part of nucleus reticularis thalami (vTR) to light were compared with those during pairing light as a conditioned stimulus (CS) with the electrical stimulation of the rat's tail (US). The intensity of the US was adjusted to the minimum required to evoke a slight freezing behavior in the awake rat. The firing rate of most vTR neurons decreased in the period between light and US application (P < 0.01). Significant response modulations to light were observed in 39% of the units, in most of them they persisted over an extinction period of 15 min. In addition, neurons which were predominantly inhibited by conditioning sometimes changed from regular spiking to a burst pattern. The results support the hypothesis that conditioning related facilitation of geniculate neurons observed in previous experiments can be explained at least partly by disinhibition of geniculate units from vTR.     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折

目的　观察带锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的效果。方法　从 1998年 4月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月 ,用带锁髓内钉17例 ,男性 13例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 3 6.8岁 (范围 14～ 79岁 ) ,3例逆行穿钉 ,余 14例顺行穿钉固定。结果　随访 7个月以上的 14例 ,术后没发生脂肪栓塞、深静脉栓塞等并发症 ,亦无断钉病例。用改良膝关节功能评分 ,10例优、2例良、2例可。结论　带锁髓内钉扩大了髓内钉手术适应证 ,用于股骨远端骨折治疗 ,固定牢固、确实 ,术后可早期功能锻炼 ,疗效满意。     

盐酸丁卡因滴眼液的稳定性研究

目的 :考察 1 %盐酸丁卡因滴眼液的稳定性 ,确定其有效贮存期。方法 :采用经典恒温法预测其有效期。结果 :经典恒温法[1 ] 预测室温贮存期约为 2 0d ,冰箱贮存期约为 1 1 0d。结论 :该制剂对热不稳定 ,应冷藏。     

Glucose preferences in wild and domestic guinea pigs

Male wild (Cavia aperea) and domestic (C. porcellus) guinea pigs were tested in two-bottle choice tests for preferences between glucose solutions of different concentrations and de-ionized water. Wild males showed significant preferences for concentrations between 0.025 and 0.4 M glucose while domestic males preferred only the 0.2 M glucose solution to de-ionized water. C. aperea males also consumed significantly greater volumes of liquid per kg body $\text{wt.}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}$ during the glucose tests than did the C. porcellus males. These comparative results contrast sharply with those obtained by other authors with wild and domestic Norway rats.     

Ascending and descending internuclear connections of the trigeminal sensory nuclei in the cat. A study with the retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase technique

The distribution of cells of origin of ascending and descending internuclear connections in the trigeminal sensory nuclei was studied by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique in the cat. The termination of collaterals of these ascending axons was also studied by the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Following injections of horseradish peroxidase into the ventral part of the principal sensory nucleus and the adjacent reticular formation many small neurons were labeled ipsilaterally in the whole area of the caudal portion of the nucleus interpolaris and in laminae III and IV of the nucleus caudalis. Labeled neurons were also found in laminae I and V. Injections limited to either nucleus oralis, the ventral part of the principal sensory nucleus and the medial parabrachial nucleus labeled similar types of neurons in the above regions with a topographic relationship; neurons in the dorsal part of the nuclei caudalis and interpolaris project, dorsally, to rostral portions of the trigeminal sensory nuclei while those in the ventral part of the nuclei caudalis and interpolaris project ventrally. Anterograde labeling of axons arising from the nucleus caudalis demonstrates that the axons ascend in the intranuclear bundles and the adjacent reticular formation, and give off collaterals to the nuclei interpolaris and oralis, and the ventral part of the principal sensory nucleus. Injections limited to the nucleus caudalis labeled small neurons in the rostral portion of the nucleus oralis and the caudal portion of the nucleus interpolaris. The present study suggests that these ascending and descending internuclear connections of the trigeminal sensory nuclei may modulate transmission of afferent inputs to various projection sites, such as thalamus, superior colliculus, cerebellum and spinal cord.     

Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the uterine cervix

A rare case of an alveolar soft part sarcoma of the uterine cervix in an 8 year old girl is presented. The patient was admitted because of genital bleeding lasting for 7 months. A polypoid tumor, 2times1.5 cm in diameter, was found in her external uterine os and was surgically resected. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of a uniform sheet of tumor cells in the cytoplasm which contained granules and which were stained with periodic acid-Schiff, both before and after the diastase digestion. Alveolar arrangement of the tumor cells was manifested with reticulin silver impregnation. Dense, membrane bound granules were evident at an ultrastructural level in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. An immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a positive reaction for anti-desmin, anti-myoglobin, anti-HHF35 and anti-neuron specific enolase in the cytoplasm.     

Effects of unilateral electrical stimulation of various thalamic nuclei on the release of dopamine from dendrites and nerve terminals of neurons of the two nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways

The role of several motor and intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the regulation of dopamine release from terminals and dendrites of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons was investigated in halothane-anaesthetized cats. For this purpose, the effects of the unilateral electrical stimulation of various thalamic nuclei on the release of newly synthesized [3H]dopamine were simultaneously determined in both substantiae nigrae and caudate nuclei using the push-pull cannula method. The electrical stimulation of the motor nuclei was the only one to induce asymmetric changes in the four structures since [3H]dopamine release was enhanced in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus and reduced in the contralateral structure while opposite responses were observed in the corresponding substantiae nigrae. A reduction of [3H]dopamine release occurred in the four structures or only in the contralateral substantia nigra and caudate nucleus following the stimulation of the parafascicularis nucleus and the adjacent posterior part of the nucleus centrum medianum or of the nucleus centralis lateralis and the adjacent paralaminar part of the nucleus medialis dorsalis, respectively. The stimulation of the anterior part of the nucleus centrum medianum, which in contrast to other thalamic nuclei examined, receives few nigral inputs, selectively enhanced [3H]dopamine release in the contralateral substantia nigra. No significant changes in [3H]dopamine release were seen either in the substantiae nigrae or in the caudate nuclei following the stimulation of midline thalamic nuclei. These results indicate that the motor and intralaminar thalamic nuclei exert multiple and selective influences on the release of dopamine from terminals and/or dendrites of the dopaminergic neurons. They also further support a role of thalamic nuclei in the transfer of information from one substantia nigra to the contralateral dopaminergic neurons. The possible involvement of connections between paired thalamic nuclei was underlined by the observations of evoked potentials in contralateral homologous nuclei following unilateral stimulation of motor, or some intralaminar, nuclei. The present report provides new insights on the mechanisms contributing to the reciprocal and/or bilateral regulations of nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways.