川南苗族体质特征的调查研究

对合江县川南苗族 2 0 7例 (男 113,女 94 )青壮年进行 73项活体测量 ,结果显示 :川南苗族身材矮小 ,男女性身高平均为 15 4 5 6cm和 14 3 89cm ,83%受检者身高分类属矮或很矮 ;体部垂直高度均偏小。川南苗族偏瘦弱 ,其体部宽度、深度测量及围度测量均偏小 ,体质稍差。川南苗族头长偏小 ,头宽与头高相对较大 ,故 6 8%以上受检者为圆或超圆头型、阔头型也较狭头型为多、 75 %以上为高头型 ;面高与面宽均小 ,面高尤甚 ,75 %以上的受检者属阔或超阔面型 ;鼻部测量值均小 ,6 0 %的个体属中鼻型 ,属狭或超狭鼻型较阔鼻型的略多。两性间各项测量差异显著 ,但具共同体质特征。三年龄组比较青年组头面部与胸部测量值较成年组与壮年组小 ,表明其发育尚未终止 ,但因长度与宽度或长度与高度、宽度与高度均平行增长 ,故头型、面型、鼻型等均无显著差异而三组保持共同特征     

An adjustable microplate platform

Summary An adjustable platform has been designed to facilitate the addition of biological assay components to a multiwell microplate. Nonmanifold additions of liquid components to microplate wells are made especially easy by using this device. The microplate platform can accommodate any of the common formats of disposable microplates. Moreover, it can be adjusted to varying angles allowing the investigator to view into all the wells as assay components are being added.     

Antifluoridationists Persist: the Constitutional Basis for Fluoridation

The controversy surrounding fluoridation persists. In recent years opponents of fluoridation have resorted to the courts with increasing frequency and have achieved a few victories in the trial courts. To date, however, no appellate court has ruled against fluoridation. This article discusses the constitutional basis for the court decisions upholding fluoridation and the main arguments put forth by the antifluoridationists. Five of the more recent cases are summarized, as is the first fluoridation case to be appealed to the US Supreme Court. The article concludes that the legal validity of fluoridation in the United States has been thoroughly tested in the courts and confirmed. It appears that the antifluoridationists will concentrate their future legal attacks on the "harmful effects" of fluoridation on health and the environment. If they can convince the courts that even a few people were truly harmed, the delicate balance between the rights of the state to fluoridate in order to protect the public's health and the rights of the individual not to be harmed could well shift. In closing, the question is raised whether the US Congress has the power to pass legislation either to mandate or forbid fluoridation.     

How different health literacy dimensions influences health and well‐being among men and women: The mediating role of health behaviours

BackgroundHealth literacy, the ability to access, understand, evaluate and apply health information, was found to contribute to positive health outcomes, possibly via promoting healthy behaviours. However, the specific pathways linking different health literacy skills to health and well‐being have remained unclear.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey with structural questionnaires was administered among 2236 adults in Hong Kong (mean age = 46.10 ± 19.05). Health literacy was measured by HLS‐Asian‐47. Participants'' physical conditions and subjective well‐being were predicted by health literacy and health behaviours with structural modelling path analysis.ResultsHealth literacy in finding and understanding information showed a direct effect on enhancing physical health, while applying information capacity had an indirect positive effect via promoting health behaviours, which was moderated by sex. Only among women, this indirect effect predicting fewer physical symptoms and better well‐being was significant.ConclusionsDifferent health literacy dimensions showed distinct direct and indirect pathways in influencing health for men and women. Based on the findings, skill trainings should be developed to enhance both gender''s abilities of finding and understanding health information, while the ability of applying health information should also be improved for modifying lifestyle and promoting health, particularly for women.Patient or Public ContributionTwo thousand and two hundred thirty‐six adults from different districts of Hong Kong participated in the study, and responded to questions on health literacy, behaviours and health status.     

不同时期在押罪犯司法精神病学鉴定案例的对比分析

目的 探讨近年来在押犯罪司法精神病学鉴定的特点和发展趋势。方法 对1994年后经该院鉴定的87例与1993年前鉴定的33例在押罪犯案例进行对比分析。结果 1994年后组在押罪犯鉴定的案例明显增加（P＜0．01）。服刑能力的鉴定,1994年后组较多（P＜0．01）,服教能力的鉴定,1993年前组较多（P＜0．05）。1994年后组经济类案件有上升趋势（P＜0．05）,诊断为精神分裂症的有明显下降（P＜0．01）,诊断为拘禁性精神障碍的有明显上升（P＜0．05）。结论 在押罪犯司法精神病学鉴定已成为司法精神病学鉴定的重要组成部分,对其法定能力的评定需进一步入研究。     

可调节式内膜剥离器用于亚急性下肢动脉栓塞治疗32例分析

正多数下肢动脉栓塞病人在急性期内(发病6～8 h以内)行手术治疗可取得较好的治疗效果,但部分病人可能因医疗条件或个人原因而选择保守治疗(如仅使用抗凝药物等),下肢动脉部分开放或仅侧支开放,将疾病由急性期拖入了亚急性期,此时的血栓机化,并且与血管内膜粘连紧密不易分开。笔者团队自制可调节式内膜剥离器用于取出亚急性下肢动脉栓塞病人的陈旧性机化血栓。现报告如下。     

Safety and effectiveness of REALIZE adjustable gastric band: 5-year prospective study

BackgroundThe long-term safety results of the REALIZE (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., Cincinnati, OH) adjustable gastric band collected in this prospective, multicenter study in patients with morbid obesity are presented.ObjectivesTo determine the reoperation rate, including band revisions, replacements, and explants, resulting from a serious adverse device-related event through years 4 and 5. Various efficacy measures were also assessed as secondary objectives.SettingNine academic and/or private institutions.MethodsThe participating institutions enrolled 303 patients, who were then assessed on an annual basis, with 231 patients completing 5 years of follow-up. The study parameters included reoperation rates, changes in percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and changes in body mass index (BMI), as well as parameters of diabetes and dyslipidemia. Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form (SF)-36 and the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite questionnaires.ResultsThe reoperation rate due to a serious adverse event in this population at 5 years after implantation with the REALIZE gastric band was 8.9%. The most common serious adverse event was band slippage, which affected 6.9% of the study population. The mean %EWL was 35.6% ± 26.84%, and the decrease in mean BMI was ?7.01 ± 5.45 kg/m² at 5 years. Patients experienced improvements in mean glycated hemoglobin and serum lipid levels, in addition to improvements in the quality of life measures.ConclusionNo new safety concerns were identified during the 5 years of follow-up. Although the results of this study did not meet the predefined safety criteria of 8% or less, the safety profile and long-term effectiveness observed in this study are consistent with those in the current literature.     

Postbariatric hypoglycemia: symptom patterns and associated risk factors in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery study

BackgroundPostbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) can be a devastating complication for which current therapies are often incompletely effective. More information is needed regarding frequency, incidence, and risk factors for PBH.ObjectivesTo examine hypoglycemia symptoms following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and baseline and in-study risk factors.SettingMulticenter, at 10 US hospitals in 6 geographically diverse clinical centers.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal cohort study of adults undergoing RYGB or LAGB as part of clinical care between 2006 and 2009 were recruited and followed until January 31, 2015, with baseline and annual postoperative research assessments. We analyzed baseline prevalence and post-operative incidence and frequency of self-reported hypoglycemia symptoms as well as potential preoperative risk factors.ResultsIn all groups, postoperative prevalence of hypoglycemia symptoms was 38.5%. Symptom prevalence increased postoperatively from 2.8%–36.4% after RYGB in patients without preoperative diabetes (T2D), with similar patterns in prediabetes (4.9%–29.1%). Individuals with T2D had higher baseline hypoglycemia symptoms (28.9%), increasing after RYGB (57.9%). Hypoglycemia symptoms were lower after LAGB, with 39.1% reported hypoglycemia symptoms at only 1 postoperative visit with few (4.0%) having persistent symptoms at 6 or more annual visits. Timing of symptoms was not restricted to the postprandial state. Symptoms of severe hypoglycemia were reported in 2.6–3.6% after RYGB. The dominant risk factor for postoperative symptoms was preoperative symptoms; additionally, baseline selective serotonin (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine (SNRI) reuptake inhibitor use was also associated with increased risk in multivariable analysis. Weight loss and regain were not related to hypoglycemia symptom reporting.ConclusionHypoglycemia symptoms increase over time after RYGB, particularly in patients without diabetes. In a small percentage, symptoms can be persistent or severe and require hospitalization. Preoperative hypoglycemia symptoms and SSRI/SNRI use in RYGB patients without diabetes is associated with increased risk of symptoms.     

新型可调式布朗氏架在踝关节骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨新型可调式布朗氏架在踝关节骨折患者跟骨结节牵引中的临床应用。方法前瞻性收集上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院踝关节骨折行跟骨牵引的患者59例,年龄35~63岁,男性33例,女性26例。根据患者入院的顺序随机分为两组,试验组29例,使用新型可调式布朗氏架,对照组30例,使用传统型布朗氏架,对两组患者的患肢肿胀程度改善、组织修复速度、会阴皮肤损伤情况及疼痛分值进行比较评价。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间分为使用支架后24 h、48 h、15 d天。试验组患者治疗后48 h肢体周径差[(1.73±0.48)cm]、肌酸激酶[(295.64±52.67)U/L]、疼痛视觉模拟评分[VAS,(5.61±0.95)分]和使用牵引架后会阴皮肤破损率(2%)均小于对照组[分别为:(3.49±0.35)cm,(320.45±83.54)U/L,(7.57±1.17)分,21.4%],差异均具有统计学意义(t=0.032,t=0.038,t=0.016,0.027,均P<0.05)。结论新型可调式布朗氏架可精确观察牵引效果,减轻肢体肿胀,具有促进组织修复,减少会阴皮肤损伤,减轻骨折疼痛,节约库存空间等优点,值得临床推广应用。