Effect of ornid on regulation of the cerebral circulation

An investigation by radioisotope, electromagnetic, and resistographic methods showed that Ornid reduces the cerebral blood flow. At the same time it completely inhibits constrictor reactions of the cerebral vessels to stimulation of sympathetic and somatic nerves. Ornid also has a protective action against experimental disturbances of the cerebral circulation of adrenergic nature.Laboratory of Pharmacology of the Nervous System, Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 427–429, May 1979.     

Minimum realisations and modelling of biological systems

A state variable model in the canonical form of Bucy is constructed from the given impulse response of a finite-dimensional, discrete-time, linear constant dynamical biological (arterial circulatory) system.     

Hydrogen peroxide-induced Ca responses in CNS pericytes

Objective: The aims of the present study were to elucidate the interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca²⁺ response in central nervous system (CNS) pericytes. Methods: The intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration was measured using fluorescent Ca²⁺ indicator, fura-2, in cultured CNS pericytes. Results: Hydrogen peroxide evoked a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca²⁺, which was completely inhibited by catalase. Removal of external Ca²⁺ or addition of nicardipine (1 μM) during application of hydrogen peroxide did not affect Ca²⁺ response. Incubation of the cells in Ca²⁺ free solution did not abolish but slightly reduced Ca²⁺ response by hydrogen peroxide. Ca²⁺ response to hydrogen peroxide was not altered by the depletion of intracellular Ca²⁺ by thapsigargin (1 μM). Pretreatment of the cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (100 μM) or tyrphostin A47 (30 μM) significantly reduced Ca²⁺ increase by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusions: These results indicate that hydrogen peroxide evokes Ca²⁺ increase predominantly by release from intracellular Ca²⁺ store, which may be regulated by tyrosine kinases.     

Splanchnic blood flow during halothane-relaxant anaesthesia in elderly patients

We have previously found that halothane-relaxant anaesthesia in elderly patients causes a change towards a hyperkinetic circulation, with a decrease in the arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference. This could be attributed to vasodilation. In the present study the splanchnic contribution to these changes was investigated. Nine patients were studied during halothane-relaxant anaesthesia prior to surgery. During anaesthesia splanchnic blood flow was markedly reduced, while splanchnic oxygen uptake decreased only moderately compared with the awake level. This resulted in an increase in splanchnic oxygen extraction. It is concluded that the splanchnic vascular bed does not contribute to the "hyperkinetic" circulation during halothane anaesthesia.     

Perioperative Cefamandolprophylaxe bei aortocoronaren Bypass-Operationen Serumkonzentrationsverlauf während der extrakorporalen Zirkulation

Zusammenfassung Eine perioperative antibiotische Kurzprophylaxe mit 2 g Cefamandol intravenös bei Narkoseeinleitung wurde bei 12 Patienten während coronarchirurgischer Eingriffe unter Verwendung der Herz-Lungen-Maschine durchgeführt. Bei Beginn der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (= EKZ) kam es infolge Hämodilution zu einem Absinken der Serumkonzentrationen von 110,96 ± 40,29 mcg/ml auf 70,89 ± 34,65 g/ml innerhalb von 10 min. Im weiteren Verlauf der EKZ war der Abfall der Serumspiegel gleich schnell wie davor und danach. Nach 240 min fanden sich noch Serumspiegel von 16,80 ± 9,32 g/ml. Als Ursache für das Versagen einer antibiotischen Prophylaxe kommt bei einer Operationsdauer von mehr als 4 h das Absinken der Serumspiegel unter die minimale Hemmkonzentration der entsprechenden Keime in Frage.

---

Perioperative cefamandole prophylaxis in aortocoronary bypass operations: Course of serum concentration during extracorporeal circulation

Summary Antibiotic prophylaxis with 2 g Cefamandole at induction of anaesthesia was performed in 12 male patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. Caused by hemodilution, there was a marked decrease of serum concentration at the beginning of extracorporeal circulation, from 110.96 ± 40.29 mcg/ml to 70.89 ± 34.65 mcg/ml within 10 min. During extracorporeal circulation, elimination was as fast as before and after perfusion. 240 min after application, mean serum concentrations of 16.80 ± 9.32 mcg/ml were measured. Failure of antibiotic prophylaxis in operations exceeding 4 h might be due to unadaequate antibiotic concentrations, beyond the minimal inhibitory concentration for the pathogens, reported to cause infections after cardiac operations.

     

黄芪-当归药对益气活血作用的药效物质基础

目的：探讨黄芪-当归药对（3∶1）对气虚血瘀模型大鼠的益气活血作用,从特征图谱、药效物质辨识、入血成分对比三方面入手,为临床合理用药及复方药效物质辨识与质量控制提供理论依据。方法：使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）建立黄芪-当归（3∶1）指纹图谱,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱联用技术（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS）分析水煎液成分;选用SPF级成年雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为空白组、模型组、黄芪-当归3∶1组及黄芪-当归5∶1组,每日通过控制食量及凉水游泳制备气虚血瘀模型,同时各组每天给药（水）1次,给药组剂量10.2 g·kg-1,模型组和空白组给予等量的蒸馏水,连续15 d。观察大鼠一般状况;记录各组大鼠体质量,全血及血浆黏度,胸腺指数和脾脏指数,血清中三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、大鼠血管性血友病因子（vWF）水平及ATP/ADP值;苏木素-伊红（HE）及扫描电镜观察血管内皮形态;UPLC-QExactive Orbitrap-MS分析血清中的原型及代谢成分。结果：建立了黄芪-当归（3∶1）指纹图谱;UPLC-Q-Exactive ...     

益气活血药对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠神经肽Y、降钙素基因相关肽的影响

目的：探讨由黄芪、川芎组方的益气活血药对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠神经肽Y（NPY）、 降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的影响。方法：采用常压低氧21天复制大鼠肺动脉高压模型,应用放射免疫技术测定大鼠血浆、肺组织中NPY、CGRP的含量变化。结果：益气活血药可降低肺动脉压,改善心功能及血液流变学。益气活血药中剂量组血浆及肺组织中NPY含量与缺氧组比较明显降低;而CGRP含量较缺氧组有所回升,肺组织中CGRP含量与缺氧组比较则趋于下降。结论：益气活血药可防止低氧性肺动脉高压的形成,也提示益气活血药的降压作用可能通过影响NPY、CGRP的含量来调节肺血管舒缩,从而降低肺动脉压。     

雷公藤多甙片加益肾活血法治疗IgM相关性肾小球疾病

目的探讨IgM相关性肾小球疾病的治疗。方法53例患者分为雷公藤多甙片组(A组)和雷公藤多甙片＋中药益肾活血(B组)治疗,疗程2个月。结果两组治疗前后尿蛋白均下降（P＜0．05）,组间比较则B组降低更明显(P＜0．05)。尿红细胞均有减少,A组P＞0．05,B组P＜0．05;组间比较P＜0．05。结论雷公藤多甙片＋中药益肾活血法治疗IgM相关性肾小球疾病较单用雷公藤多甙片疗效显著提高。认为辨病辨证相结合组方用药,能够提高疗效。     

急性等容血液稀释时体循环和肺循环变化的实验研究

目的 :研究急性等容血液稀释 (ANHD)对体循环及肺循环的影响 ,指导临床ANHD的应用。方法 :10只健康成年杂种犬 ,麻醉后气管插管 ,控制呼吸 ,正常体温下 ,每只犬行三个水平的ANHD ,即中度 (HD1Hct约为 19% )、深度 (HD2 Hct约为 15 % )、极深度 (HD3 Hct约为 9% ) ,然后回输自家血 ,在血液稀释前、稀释后 30min、回输血后 15min分别测血液流变学、体循环和肺循环各指标。结果 :HD时血粘度 η渐下降。HD1、HD2 时 ,心输出量 (CO)和心脏指数 (CI)分别升高 41%和 48% ;心率 (HR)无明显变化 ,总外周阻力 (SVR)渐下降 ,平均动脉压 (MAP)渐下降 ;肺小动脉阻力 (PVR)渐下降 ,而平均肺动脉压力 (MPA)、肺动脉楔入压 (PCWP)、中心静脉压 (CVP)无明显变化。HD3 时 ,CO(CI)不再升高反而降低 ,HR仍无明显变化 ,SVR和MAP继续下降 ;PVR继续下降 ,MPA无明显变化 ,PCWP、CVP有所升高 ,回输血后各指标均有所回升。整个稀释过程中 ,心搏血量SV和心搏指数SVI,左室每搏作功指数LVSWI、右室每搏作功指数RVSWI的变化与CO(CI)的变化相似。结论 :中度、深度ANHD时 ,机体代偿 ,CO(CI)及SV(SVI)升高 ,SVR、PVR降低 ,有利于循环 ;极深度ANHD时 ,CO(CI)及SV(SVI)不再升高反而降低 ,MAP下降明显 ,MPA无明显变化 ,对体循环影响大 ,对肺?     

胸腔手术时肺循环的右向左分流

目的探讨胸腔手术时肺循环的右向左分流 (right to lefttranspulmonaryshuntfraction ,Qs/Qt)。 方法直接测定肺泡气氧分压和动脉血氧分压 ,计算肺泡 动脉氧分压差 (alveolar arterialoxygentensiondifference ,A aDO2 )和Qs/Qt,观察 2 6例胸腔手术对Qs/Qt的影响。结果由平卧位到侧卧位A aDO2 和Qs/Qt无明显变化 ,开胸后A aDO2 和Qs/Qt增加 ,开胸 1hQs/Qt达 (12 .16± 5 .5 7) % ,动脉血气分析未发现缺氧情况。结论胸腔手术开胸后肺循环的右向左分流增加 ,并随手术时间延长有加重趋势