李时珍对人体生命的认识

在与我国古代道家、医家比较中 ,探讨李时珍对人体生命的认识 ,认为李时珍在前人认识的基础上首次明确提出“脑为元神之府”、经脉为“内景隧道”、命门在“两肾之间”、“命门为体 ,三焦为用”等富有原创性学说 ,这些学说的提出均在同时代医家之前。此外李时珍还提出“脾乃元气之母”观点 ,虽非首创 ,却也是对前人的充实和发展。     

论中医理论与中药现代化国际化

广义的中医理论应包括高度抽象的基础理论、独到的诊疗技术、丰富实践经验的概括总结,同时浩如烟海的现代相关研究也应涵盖于其中。由于中医理论在中药研究与应用、中药现代化与国际化方面具有重要的指导或提示作用,在新形势下,中医理论的概念和内涵应具有开放性、兼容性和时代性。创新和把握中医理论的概念和内涵,对研究开发现代中药新药,有效应对“洋中药”、“植物药”、“天然药物”、“化学合成药”对我国中药市场的挑战,保护和发展民族医药工业等,具有重要的现实意义。     

Lay theories of schizophrenia

Abstract. Background: This study set out to compare British and Chinese young peoples beliefs about the manifestations, causes and cures of schizophrenia. Method: A total of 339 participants completed a 60-item questionnaire to compare lay theories of schizophrenia between British (in England) and Chinese (in Hong Kong) participants. The participants completed the three-part questionnaire in their mother tongue looking at beliefs about schizophrenia in general, causal explanation for the aetiology of schizophrenia and optimal cures for the condition. It was hypothesized that the Chinese would possess more negative attitudes and beliefs about schizophrenia than the British. It was also predicted that the Chinese would tend to use primarily a sociological model to explain the aetiology of schizophrenia. Results: These two hypotheses were confirmed after factor-analysing the internal structure of the three sections of the questionnaire. However, the Chinese, compared to the British, did not use more superstitious beliefs to explain the behaviour of people with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Concern with mental health literacy has led to more studies on lay theories about major mental illnesses (specifically schizophrenia) because these theories reflect societal attitudes to patients and behaviour toward them. This study suggests that even well-educated young people remain ignorant about one of the most challenging mental illnesses. Implications for help-seeking behaviour and the course of the illness in individuals are considered.     

A holistic-existential approach to health promotion

Health promotion seems to be implicit in many nursing theories, but the theoretical and philosophical basis of health promotion in nursing is not always explicitly stated. The interpretation of health promotion is closely related to the interpretation of man, health, illness and nursing. There is a need to clarify, refine and redefine health promotion in nursing because the concept is partly nonspecific and has not been used to identify a distinctive nursing focus. The aim of this study was to formulate a stipulative definition of health promotive nursing with a holistic-existential approach. A philosophical frame of reference in combination with conceptual analysis and theoretical synthesis were used as the methodological approach. The philosophical framework served as a basis in selecting the nursing theories and influenced the analysis. Two nursing theories and one nursing model were selected due to their influence on Norwegian nursing and because of their philosophical basis. Through analysis and synthesis of the selected nursing theories, the concepts man, health, illness/disease and nursing were analysed. The paper proposes a stipulative definition of health promotion in nursing based on a holistic-existential approach, supported by five necessary conditions. The definition and conditions needs to be further investigated by both empirical studies and by comparing with other relevant nursing theories, in order to formulate theoretical statements. The proposed definition may be the first step in a process of developing a theoretical framework of health promotive nursing with a holistic-existential approach.     

"天癸"本质及其作用探讨

以《黄帝内经》原文为依据,论定前人精气、精血与天癸不能混为一谈。从其物质性来看,天癸是先天肾气化生的、标志着生殖功能成熟的生殖信息类物质;从其功能性来看,天癸具有人体内部生殖功能的动力性调节作用。所以,天癸既是一个物质和功能的统一体,又是对其统一性的抽象概括。     

In search of `the good life' for demented elderly

It may seem paradoxical to speak of the goodlife for demented elderly. Many people consider dementia to be a life-wrecking disease and nursing homes to be terrible places. Still, it is relevant to ask how we can make life as good as possible for demented nursing home residents. This paper explores what three standard philosophical accounts of well-being — subjective preference theory, objectivist theories, and hedonism — have to say about the good life for demented people. It is concluded that the relevant differences between the various philosophical theories manifest themselves not so much in their general account of the substantial content of the good life but in a number of specific controversies. These concern the nature of well-being, the necessity of endorsement by the patient, the value of experience and the need for experiences to be rooted in reality. Moreover, it is argued that further research should pay detailed attention to the process of dementia and to the effects of this process on patients' identities, self-conceptions, capacities, preferences, values and the like, and that a narrative approach which incorporates the factor time may offer a more comprehensive account of the good life for demented elderly.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

《内经》七篇大论对疾病的认识

探析《内经》七篇大论对疾病的认识,认为这些理论与《内经》其他篇章的论述有明显的不同。它们的特点有：论病证重症状描述,少病理分析;论病因重气候变化,少内因认识;论病机重五脏乘侮,少阴阳虚实探析;论治病重治则治法,少具体手段。     

中医基础理论体系结构及名词术语亟待规范

中医基础理论是中医药高等院校的主干课程.随着教材建设的发展,各种版本的中医基础教材相继问世并投入使用,这些新教材在丰富、完善中基理论的同时,也造成某些体系结构和名词术语的混乱,有的已到了亟待规范的程度.就中医基础理论体系结构和名词术语混乱的基本概况、形成原因、不良影响、规范意义以及规范原则做了初步探讨.     

对《内经》针刺深浅理论的探讨

《内经》中对针刺深浅理论，从体质、病情、季节等方面进行详细论述，对正确掌握针刺深度、针感、施行补泻、发挥针刺效应、提高针治疗效有重要的指导作用。     

Assessment of interprofessional learning: the design of an interprofessional objective structured clinical examination (iOSCE) approach

In this article, we illustrate the application of a number of theoretical frameworks we have used to guide our work in interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative interprofessional care (IPC). Although we do not claim to be experts in any one of these theories, each has offered important insights that have broadened our understanding of the complexities of interprofessional learning and practice. We have gained an appreciation for an increasing number of theories relevant to IPE and IPC, and, as a result, we have woven together more key principles from different theories to develop activities for all levels of interprofessional learners and clinicians. We pay particular attention to relational competencies, knotworking/idea dominance, targeted tension and situational awareness. We are now drawing on the arts and humanities and complexity theory to foster relationship-building learning. Evaluation of our endeavors will eventually follow these latter theories for methods that better match the human and social experiences that underpin learning. Our “theoretical toolbox” therefore may be of value to educators who develop and implement creative interprofessional learning activities, as well as clinicians interested in moving toward more effective collaboration.