杏贝止咳颗粒中苦杏仁苷的HPLC测定

建立了杏贝止咳颗粒中苦杏仁苷的HPLC测定法.色谱柱Kromasil Ci8柱,以甲醇-水(24:76)为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长218nm.在13.32～428μg/ml浓度范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9997),平均回收率98.8%,RSD为1.36%.     

肝爽颗粒对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化（S1和S2期）肝郁脾虚兼血瘀证的早期防治疗效

目的 探讨肝爽颗粒用于慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）肝纤维化（S1和S2期）肝郁脾虚兼血瘀证的防治效果。方法 将100例患者采用数字表法分为对照组（50例，脱失4例，剔除2例，最后完成44例）和观察组（50例，脱失5例，剔除2例，最后完成43例）。两组患者均给予口服恩替卡韦片，0.5 mg/次，1次/d，共12个月；并视情况口服谷胱甘肽片。对照组，口服肝爽颗粒模拟药，3 g/次，3次/d；观察组，口服肝爽颗粒，3 g/次，3次/d；共治疗12个月。进行肝穿刺病理检查，比较两组患者炎性活动度分级及纤维化程度分期情况；比较两组患者肝脏硬度值（LSM）、肝功能、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV） DNA、肝郁脾虚证评分、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）与血小板比值指数（APRI）和基于4因子的纤维化指数（FIB-4）。结果 治疗后，与对照组比较，观察组患者肝组织纤维化程度分期轻于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组患者肝组织炎性活动程度轻于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组患者炎性活动程度分级有效率为77.78%，高于对照组的45.83%（χ²=5.546，P<0.05）；观察组纤维化程度分期有效率为59.26%，高于对照组的16.67%（χ²=9.669，P<0.01）；观察组在治疗后6个月、12个月的LSM和肝郁脾虚证评分均低于对照组（P<0.05，P<0.01）；观察组患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、AST、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平低于对照组（P<0.01）；观察组APRI和FIB-4水平低于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 肝爽颗粒联合恩替卡韦用于CHB肝纤维化（S1和S2期）的防治，可减轻炎症活动情况和纤维化程度，能延缓而且具有逆转肝纤维化的作用，并具有保肝和改善中医证候的效果，值得临床使用与进一步的研究。     

Development of a predictive in vitro dissolution for clarithromycin granular suspension based on in vitro-in vivo correlations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro behavior of different clarithromycin granular suspensions based on a developed in vitro-in vivo correlation model, using one reference and two test formulations. In vitro release rate data were obtained for each product using the USP apparatus II, operated at 50?rpm under different pH conditions. The dissolution efficiency was used to analyze the dissolution data. In vivo study was performed on six healthy male volunteers under fasting condition. Correlation was made between in vitro release and in vivo absorption. A linear model was developed using percent absorbed data versus percent dissolved data from the three products. Dissolution condition of 0.1N HCl for 1?h and then phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 was found to be the most discriminating dissolution method. Rate of absorption for the reference as estimated by Wagner-Nelson deconvolution was correlated with in vitro release with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The in vivo results for the two test products were compared to the predicted values using the reference model with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. Furthermore, multiple level C correlations were obtained for some pharmacokinetic parameters with the corresponding in vitro kinetic parameters with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.90. Moreover, the interpretation of the in vitro and in vivo data with reference to formulations was discussed.     

中药配方颗粒的发展现状及国际化对策探讨

近年来,世界各国对天然药物日益重视,而中药配方颗粒既能在中医理论指导下随证加减,又有服用便捷、适宜工业生产等优点,成为推动中药"走出去"的有力助力。通过回顾中药配方颗粒的发展历程、分析相关数据和国内外发展形势,对中药配方颗粒的研究现状、市场情况及国际化发展面临的主要挑战进行探讨,提出利用政府间交往推进中药国际贸易、充分发挥海外资源平台作用、帮助监管部门建立符合中药配方颗粒特点和审批国政策的合理化国际审批方案、争取国际标准主导权的建议,为推动中药配方颗粒产业在世界范围内高质量发展提供参考。     

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry suggests that periderm granules in embryonic chick epidermis contain beta-defensins

The capability to express an innate antimicrobial action through the production of beta-defensins in the skin of chick embryos has been studied by immunocytochemistry. The immunolabeling of periderm granules present in the initial embryonic epidermis of the chick is obtained with a lizard anti-defensin antibody (Ac-BD-15) that recognizes a homologous peptide in the chick beta-defensin 9. Similar granules, termed honeycomb granules, are also stored in some basophilic granulocytes of adult and hatchling chicks, but did not show immunoreactivity to the antibody. It is unclear whether this morphology indicates different organelles, content or lack of available antigens due to organelle packaging. The remarkable ultrastructural similarity between periderm granules and the honeycomb granules present in basophil granulocytes further indicates that embryonic keratinocytes can synthesize antimicrobial peptides together with corneous proteins. These peptides may participate in the formation of an epidermal microbial barrier during ontogenesis or protect the embryo in case of damage to the amniotic-periderm barrier. These transient organelles, apart from the early keratinization of the epidermis that forms the initial barrier before hatching may also contribute to the formation of an efficient anti-microbial barrier against the penetration of microbes during embryonic life until hatching when the adaptive immunity system is still immature.     

麦滋林颗粒联合间苯三酚注射液治疗孕妇急性胃炎疗效观察

摘 要 目的： 观察麦滋林颗粒联合间苯三酚注射液治疗孕妇急性胃炎的临床疗效。方法: 102例急性胃炎孕妇采用随机数字法分为两组各51例。对照组予麦滋林颗粒0.67 g,餐前30 min用温水冲服,tid,观察组在对照组基础上加用间苯三酚注射液80 mg+0.9%氯化钠注射液20 ml,ivd qd。疗程均为2周。观察两组临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后症状积分变化及症状缓解时间。结果:观察组有效率明显高于对照组（94.12%vs78.43%,P<0.05),观察组治疗后胃脘痛、嗳气、口干积分较前明显下降（P<0.05）,且明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组和对照组腹痛消失时间分别为（1.8±0.4）d和（3.9±1.1）d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗中均未出现严重不良反应。结论: 采用麦滋林颗粒联合间苯三酚注射液治疗孕妇急性胃炎临床效果较好。     

正交试验优选防感颗粒的提取工艺

目的确立防感颗粒的最佳提取工艺。方法应用正交试验和HPLC,以防感颗粒中R,S-告依春、白花前胡甲素、苦杏仁苷及甘草苷4种活性成分含量为指标,采用多指标综合评分法,确定防感颗粒的提取工艺。结果防感颗粒最佳提取工艺为:药材加8倍量水,煎煮3次,每次1.5 h,乙醇浓度为60%。结论优选出的工艺稳定可靠,可用于防感颗粒的提取。     

HPLC波长转换法同时测定小儿咳喘灵颗粒中(R,S)-告依春、绿原酸和甘草苷的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱波长转换法同时测定小儿咳喘灵颗粒中(R,S)-告依春、绿原酸和甘草苷含量的方法。方法 样品采用70%甲醇溶液超声提取,采用Inertsil ODS-SP C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)分离;流动相：0.1%磷酸-乙腈,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长：0~13 min为245 nm,13~50 min为217 nm。结果 (R,S)-告依春、绿原酸和甘草苷分别在0.700~14.000 μg·mL^-1、4.780~95.600 μg·mL^-1、1.050~21.008 μg·mL^-1内具有良好的线性关系;加样回收率分别为98.8%,102.8%和97.7%;RSD分别为1.2%,1.9%和1.4%(n=9)。结论 该方法简单易行,准确性和重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

正交试验法优选更年安舒颗粒提取工艺

摘 要 目的： 优选更年安舒颗粒的提取工艺。方法: 采用正交试验设计法,以松果菊苷及特女贞苷含量为指标综合评价,考察加水量、提取时间、提取次数对提取工艺的影响。结果: 最佳提取工艺为加水煎煮2次,每次2 h,每次加8倍量的水。结论: 优选的工艺合理可行、重复性良好、提取效率高,适合于工业化生产。     

清热解肌颗粒中挥发油的初步质量研究

目的 建立清热解肌颗粒中挥发油成分的质量标准.方法 采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对清热解肌颗粒中挥发油进行定性鉴别;采用气—质联用色谱仪(GC-MS)对挥发油提取物的成分进行鉴定;采用气相色谱法(GC)测定制剂中挥发油的含量.结果 薄层色谱斑点清晰,重现性好,阴性对照无干扰.GC-MS共检出13个色谱峰并鉴定出12个化合物.α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、桉油精线性范围分别为1.89～605.00mg·L-1(r=1.000),1.25 ～99.60mg· L-1(r=1.000),2.32 ～185.81 mg·L-1(r=1.000),平均加样回收率分别为92.82％(RSD =4.83％)、94.29％(RSD=3.10％)和104.23％ (RSD =3.14％) (n =9).结论 所建立的方法准确、可靠、专属性强,可用于该制剂的质量控制.