盐酸环丙沙星鱼肝油乳的制备及临床应用

目的:制备盐酸环丙沙星鱼肝油乳并观察其对萎缩性鼻炎的临床治疗效果.方法:采用胶体磨制成盐酸环丙沙星鱼肝油乳,采用紫外分光光度法测定该制剂中盐酸环丙沙星的含量,测定波长277 nm;以复方鱼肝油滴鼻液为对照进行临床疗效观察.结果:制成的盐酸环丙沙星鱼肝油乳外观、性状、鉴别、检查均符合规定,稳定性良好;盐酸环丙沙星在2～10 μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好,回归方程A=0.090 4C 0.037 2,r=0.999 9;平均回收率为98.6%(n=3),RSD=1.23%;临床用于治疗萎缩性鼻炎,治疗组治愈率及总有效率分别为36.4%和84.8%,对照组分别为12.2%和49.0%,两组间比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:该制剂制备方法简单,性质稳定,质量可控,临床应用安全、有效.     

醋酸地塞米松静注乳剂的含量测定

目的:建立醋酸地塞米松静注乳剂的含量测定方法.方法:采用C18色谱柱(4.60cm×25cm,10μm),流动相为水(含0.164mol/L磷酸,用三乙胺调pH值至3.5)-乙腈(43:57),以甲磺酸酚妥拉明为内标.结果:醋酸地塞米松量在1.84μg/mL～46.0μg/mL时,与峰面积比值呈良好线性,回归方程为A e=0.0868C 0.00885(r=0.9999,n=6),方法的日内与日间精密度RSD均小于2%,回收率分别为100.1%,98.7%和99.8%.结论:该方法快速准确、精密,可以用于该制剂的含量测定及稳定性分析.     

Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) – Should we not be concerned?

Local anesthetics are one of the most commonly used drugs in the field of medicine. Yet little is known about the systemic toxicity that can occur with their overdose. In the last few years, a lot of research has taken place understanding the etiology of the Local anesthetics systemic toxicity (LAST) and the role of lipid emulsion in treating it. There is a need to increase the awareness about LAST and establish a protocol to treat any serious neuro or cardiotoxicity.     

Continuous renal replacement therapy circuit failure after antidote administration

A 73-year-old man was transferred to the emergency department (ED). He was found unconscious in his house along with an empty 200-mL bottle of Basta^?, a herbicide containing 18% glufosinate. He was comatose with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3. As his blood pressure dropped to 60/30 mmHg despite fluids and norepinephrine, 20% intravenous fat emulsion product was injected. He experienced repeated cardiopulmonary arrests during his first 4 h in the ED. When the arrests occurred, standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed, and boluses of fat emulsion were given. He was given a total of 1500 mL of 20% fat emulsion. In an attempt to correct the acidosis, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was started. Within 5 min of starting CRRT, the transmembrane pressure increased sharply and the machine stopped.     

曲普瑞林控释剂联合鸦胆子油乳注射液治疗中晚期前列腺癌的临床研究

目的:探讨曲普瑞林控释剂联合鸦胆子油乳注射液治疗中晚期前列腺癌的安全性和有效性.方法:将符合标准的94例中晚期前列腺癌患者随机分成三组,对照组分别仅予以曲普瑞林控释剂和鸦胆子油乳注射液治疗,观察期6个月.观察治疗前后血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、血清睾酮水平、kanofsky评分改善情况.严密观察和记录治疗过程中的不良事件,进行安全性评价.结果:治疗前三组血清前列腺特异性抗原和睾酮水平无显著性差异(P>0.05),经过药物治疗后两者均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),且观察组较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);治疗前三组KPS评分无显著性差异(P>0.05),经过药物治疗后KPS评分均较治疗前显著上升(P<0.05),且观察组较对照组明显上升(P<0.05);观察组生活质量改善率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而不良反应发生率与对照组相当(P>0.05).结论:鸦胆子油乳注射液联合曲普瑞林控释剂治疗中晚期前列腺癌较单纯药物治疗疗效好,安全性相当.     

Effects of emulsifier concentration,composition, and order of addition in squalene-phosphatidylcholine oil-in-water emulsions

Development and characterization of stable and biocompatible oil-in-water emulsions is important for improved drug and vaccine delivery. In this work, two-component emulsions consisting of squalene and phosphatidylcholine have been developed. The reproducibility of the manufacturing process is established and production efficiency is improved by altering the order of component addition. The effects of emulsifier concentration and composition on emulsion stability and biocompatibility are assessed through dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, viscosity, and hemolytic activity. High concentrations of egg phosphatidylcholine emulsifier decreased initial particle size and increased initial size polydispersity. However, high emulsifier concentrations also appeared to decrease long-term emulsion stability as well as absolute zeta potential values. Substitution of naturally derived egg phosphatidylcholine with synthetic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) produced an emulsion with similar physicochemical properties and stability.     

严重硅油乳化取出联合白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术

目的 观察眼内硅油填充2至5年严重乳化,硅油抽出联合白内障摘出人工晶状体植入,术中和术后情况.方法 对于25例(26眼)硅油眼内填充2～5年后严重乳化者,先冲洗出前房硅油乳化油滴,及进行房角分离术,再行晶状体超声乳化吸出术,缝合角膜切口,再经巩膜切口抽吸硅油,查看视网膜情况后,最后经角膜切口植入人工晶状体.结果 术后随访6 ～18个月,角膜均未见水肿或失代偿.眼压升高12例(12眼),噻吗心安滴眼,2周后眼压恢复正常.均未出现视网膜再次脱离或人工晶状体移位,术后视力均较术前提高.结论 对于严重硅油乳化且无法观察眼底者要及时取出硅油,手术步骤的安排和手术技巧是成功的关键,而且必须联合晶体摘出,减少再次手术.     

丙泊酚脂肪乳注射液生物等效性研究实施和管理的专家共识

丙泊酚脂肪乳注射液是临床上广泛使用的静脉用麻醉药。近年来国内丙泊酚临床需求不断增加,丙泊酚生物等效性研究数量持续攀升,然而其设计、实施、管理尚缺乏共识和指南。本专家组共同研讨,达成此共识,旨在为国内开展丙泊酚生物等效性研究提供参考和指导。     

Microencapsulation of O/W emulsions by formation of a protein-surfactant insoluble complex

Abstract

A method for obtaining microcapsules of oil droplets by the formation of an insoluble complex of protein-surfactant is described. The gelatin type A studied, which is positively charged at the pH range studied, may form insoluble and soluble complexes with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), an anionic surfactant. The binding isotherms were studied and the specific molar ratios of SDS to gelatin, in which the insoluble complex is formed, was determined. These specific ratios also led to the formation of microcapsules, in which the wall encapsulating the oil droplets, is composed of the insoluble gelatin SDS complex.     

Antimalarial and cytotoxic quassinoids from the roots of Brucea javanica

Two new quassinoids, brujavanol A (1) and brujavanol B (2), along with five known quassinoids (3–7), were isolated from the roots of Brucea javanica. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The antimalarial and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were also assessed. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant in vitro cytotoxicity against human oral cavity cancer (KB) cells with IC₅₀ values of 1.30 and 2.36 μg/ml, respectively, whereas compound 3 showed excellent antiplasmodial activity against the Plasmodium falciparum strains, K1 (IC₅₀ = 0.58 μg/ml).