A genetic and environmental time series analysis of blood pressure in male twins

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured on 254 monozygotic (MZ) and 260 dizygotic (DZ) male twin pairs, during middle age (average age 48 years) and at two later age points. Genetic and environmental components of covariation were modeled by time series. For both measures, shared environmental influences were absent and specific environmental influences were largely time-specific. Although heritability was about 0.5 at each time point, genetic variation present at middle age contributed only about 60% to that present 9 years later, the remaining 40% being new. Fifteen years later, at the third time point, no new genetic variation was evident, variation in individual differences being entirely attributable to genetic differences laid down at the two earlier ages. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

中西医结合治疗坏死性筋膜炎

本文积累了１９８１～１９９４年近十余年的临床资料，总结了中西医结合治疗坏死性筋膜炎的临床治疗经验。指出坏死性筋膜炎是一种少见的严重的软组织感染，发展迅速，病死率高，应引起临床医生的高度警惕，做出早期诊断是非常必要的。提出了扶正祛邪的中西医结合的整体治疗方案，全身治疗与局部处理相结合。对患处要采取早期，这时的多切口引流，给＂邪＂以出路。取得良好的疗效。     

应把防治医患纠纷作为临床医德教育的重要内容

不断强化医务人员的服务意识是消除医患纠纷的首要条件,认真培养敬业精神是避免医患纠纷的根本途径;提高道德境界是避免医患纠纷的决定因素.     

Improved sib-pair linkage test for disease susceptibility loci

An improved sib-pair test for linkage is introduced which is superior to the previously proposed tests. The test is derived from the standard chi-squared goodness of fit statistic by restricting the alternative hypothesis to the genetically possible. Critical values are given and exact power comparisons are made with the previously proposed tests. The new test is shown to be more powerful for finite samples as well as being asymptotically uniformly most powerful. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

维持肢体正常的运动感觉功能所需最少神经根数的实验研究

目的 研究臂丛神经根单发断，２根切断（不同方式联合）及３根切断后对肢体的影响，为治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤寻找更多的潜在移位神经，方法 ２５２只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为１３组：（１）第１－５组（单根神经根切断组）；每组１２只大鼠。分别切断Ｃ５－８Ｔ１各神经根；（２）第６－１２组（２根神经根切断组）；每组２４只大鼠。分别切断相邻及不相邻２根神经根，即Ｃ５，６，Ｃ６，７，Ｃ７，８，Ｃ８Ｔ１，Ｃ５，７，Ｃ６，８和Ｃ７Ｔ     

孔边裂纹J积分失效评定曲线

计算了单边椭圆缺口试件（ＳＥＮＣＰ）高应变区裂纹的Ｊ积分失效评定曲线（ＦＡＣ），考察了影响ＦＡＣ的几种因素。结果表明：在外加载荷与塑性屈服载荷之比（Ｌｒ）１．０时，用Ｒ６通用失效评定曲线进行结构高应变区裂纹断裂评定与疲劳剩余寿命估算是安全的。     

Comparison of the enzymatic and edema-produscing activities of two venom phospholipase A2 enzymes

The edema-producing activity of NNAVPLA₂, an acidic phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) enzyme from Naja naja atra venom (NNAV), was less potent than that of TMVPLA₂ II, a basic PLA; from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom (TMV). These edema-forming effects were greatly suppressed by pretreatment of rats with diphenhydramine/ methysergide or compound 48/80, which reduced the tissue content of histamine and serotonin. Heparin abolished and suppressed the paw edema caused by protamine and TMVPLA₂ II, respectively, but had no effect on the NNAVPLA₂-induced response. In isolated rat peritoneal mast cells, both PLA₂ concentration dependently induced the release of histamine and β-glueuronidase. Again, TMVPLA₂ II was more potent than NNAVPLA₂. This degranulation effect of mast cells caused by TMVPLA₂ II and protamine was inhibited by heparin, while that caused by NNAVPLA₂ was unaffected. The edema-forming and mast cell degranulation effects were greatly decreased in both PBPB-modified NNAVPLA₂ and PBPB-modified TMVPLA₂ II, in which the catalytic activity of the enzymes was completely lost. PBPB-modified TMVPLA₂ II-induced paw edema was also suppressed by heparin. Furthermore, this edematous response was totally reversed in rat pretreated with aspirin in combination with diphenhydramine and methysergide. These results suggest that the edema-forming effect of PLA₂ is probably dependent on the presence of catalytic, positive charge and pharmacological sites on its molecule.     

Reduction in sodium chloride intake: effects on urinary Na, K and aldosterone output in healthy free-living adults

Eleven healthy free-living adults (six women, five men) weighed and recorded all food and drink consumed and collected all urine for two non-consecutive 7-day periods whilst eating their usual diet (Period 1) and attempting to reduce salt intake (Period 2). Bread (including pitta bread) provided on average a quarter of total Na intake of subjects in Period 1 so that wholemeal bread made without added salt was made available in Period 2. All subjects achieved substantial reductions (mean 65%) in Na intake in Period 2 with no change in K intake so that the Na:K molar ratio fell from 1.3 to 0.5. Urinary Na output closely followed intakes and there was a large increase (mean 11.2 μg/d) in aldosterone excretion with a non-significant increase in K output. Simple linear relationships which allow prediction of Na and K intake from the more easily measured urinary output were derived.     

兔自体神经原位移植限制创伤性神经瘤形成机理

本实验采用家兔近端正中神经和尺神经原位移植法研究预防创伤性神经瘤形成之机理。经光镜,透射电镜及免疫组化标记观察表明:(1)自体神经原位移植法能有效地抑制创伤性神经瘤形成。两神经再生的神经纤维在移植段中排列整齐,来自两神经的轴索末端髓鞘对接是抑制创伤性神经瘤形成的关键;(2)移植段中由于雪旺氏细胞增生所形成的雪旺氏鞘对近端神经轴索的再生有趋化和引导作用;(3)单纯吻合法不能抑制创伤性神经瘤的发生。     

Exteroceptive suppression periods in jaw-closing muscles. Variability and relation to experimental pain and sustained muscle contraction

The duration of the late exteroceptive suppression period (ES₂) of temporal muscle EMG activity has been reported to be reduced in patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache. Methods of recording and analysing ES₂ have varied between centers and reproducibility of results within subjects , although insufficiently studied, has generally been poor. ES₂ was investigated in 30 healthy subjects, using a computerized technique of recording, rectifying and averaging the EMG signals. Hour to hour and week to week variations of ES₂ durations were calculated, and the influence of pain during a cold pressor test and of sustained muscle contraction on ES₂ durations was investigated. The intra-individual variation of ES₂ durations was 16.0% from hour to hour and 20.7% from week to week. The inter-individual variation was 36.7%. The present method for analysis of ES₂ periods proved to be reliable, as the intra-observer variation was 4.2% and the inter-observer variation 4.6%. ES₂ periods were significantly shorter on the first compared to the second day of examination ( p = 0.006) and during experimental pain ( p = 0.0005). We recommend the use of the computerized averaging technique in future studies and caution against the dependence of results upon factors such as conditioning and pain.