诊治失误致阑尾切除术后再手术33例临床分析

目的　探讨阑尾炎近期再手术的原因、手术方法及预防措施。方法　对我院 1989年12月至 2 0 0 2年 12月间收治的阑尾炎近期再手术 3 3例进行回顾性分析。结果　术前及术中误漏诊 17例 ,其中结肠肿瘤 8例 ,横结肠重复畸形及炎性肉芽肿各 2例 ,盲肠游动症及十二指肠升段狭窄各 1例。胃后壁穿孔、腹部卒中及急性胰腺炎各 1例并因病情发展而死亡。术中操作不当 7例。其中系膜血管出血、血肿破溃 ,网膜、阑尾残端及切口引流处皮下出血各 1例 ,残株炎 1例 ,腹腔遗留坏死组织及粪石 1例。术后并发症 9例 ,盆腔脓肿 ,阑尾残端粪瘘 ,腹壁切口疝及结核性腹壁窦道各 2例 ,肌间脓肿 1例。结论　正确诊断 ,充分准备 ,仔细操作 ,严密观察 ,及时处置 ,常能避免或减少阑尾炎近期再手术的发生。     

腹部刀刺伤单纯腹壁清创术的临床应用

目的　探讨单纯腹壁清创术在腹部刀刺伤患者中的应用 ,以提高腹部刀刺伤的治疗水平。方法　我科收治腹部刀刺伤患者中 1 6例进行单纯腹壁清创术 ,对病例选择及其注意事项进行了分析总结。结果　 1 6例患者治疗成功 1 4例 (87.50 % ) ,2例 (1 2 .50 % )中转手术。结论　对于腹部刀刺伤的患者 ,选择适合的病人进行腹壁伤口的单纯清创缝合 ,术后严密观察是可行的。     

重组生长激素对腹部大手术患者血浆蛋白的影响

目的研究重组人生长激素（rhGH）对腹部大手术患者术后代谢、免疫功能和术后并发症的影响。方法回顾性分析腹部大手术患者79人，其中37人为治疗组，42人为对照组。治疗组手术后第2天开始，每天皮下注射思真（重组人生长激素，瑞士雪兰诺公司生产）8U，对照组给予安慰剂（生理盐水），共用7d；分别在治疗前，治疗后3、7、10、14d检测血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白及转铁蛋白水平。记录切口愈合情况及术后并发症情况。结果（1）治疗前，两组白蛋白、前白蛋白及转铁蛋白水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；治疗后3d，两组白蛋白水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），且均低于治疗前；治疗组前白蛋白、转铁蛋白均高于对照组（P〈0．05）；治疗后7d，治疗组3项指标均高于对照组。（2）治疗组切口愈合情况明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。（3）治疗组术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论腹部大手术患者术后应用重组人生长激素可以提高免疫功能，促进切口愈合，减少术后并发症的发生。     

Prediction of severe postoperative complications in patients admitted to neuroanaesthesia

The purpose of this study was to identify factors which will predict the risk of severe postoperative complications in individual patients in a neurosurgical unit. Eleven risk factors were investigated in 363 neurosurgical patients, of whom 40 (11%) developed postoperative complications requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 24 h in an intensive care unit, 16 were found to be severely disabled or in a vegetative state at follow-up 1 month after admission, and 28 patients died. By applying stepwise, logistic regression analysis to the patient's data, we were able to select two significant risk variables, i.e. the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 8 or less preoperatively and emergency anaesthesia. The presence of GCS 8 or less on the consciousness scale was associated with postoperative complications in approximately 40% of the cases. Emergency patients with severe neurological damage had the greatest risk of postoperative complications (93%). Fatal outcome for patients with postoperative complications was seen in 40% of the cases.     

腰椎间盘突出症手术后复发的原因分析及防治

目的 分析总结腰椎间盘突出症手术后复发的原因及治疗方法。方法 腰椎间盘突出症手术后复发的范围限定于临床症状、体征及影像学证实为受累神经根与第一次手术的节段相同。回顾1990年～2001年收治的资料完整的病例38例。总结造成复发的原因，分析造成这些原因的因素以及防范措施，并提出治疗方案。结果 复发的原因为髓核再突出20例(占52．7％)、疤痕压迫5例(占13．1％)、硬脊膜及神经根四周粘连5例(占13．1％)、腰椎失稳4例(占l0．5％)、神经根管、侧隐窝狭窄4例(占l0．5％)，其中经保守治疗和手术治疗分别为2l例(占55．3％)和17例(占47．7％),治疗优良率92％。结论 腰椎间盘突出症术后复发的主要原因为髓核再突出。复发后经中西医结合治疗能取得满意疗效,治疗上首先应采用保守治疗。     

神经内镜手术后发热反应的临床观察及其意义

目的总结和分析神经内镜术后发热反应的特点。方法回顾性分析88例符合纳入标准的行神经内镜手术治疗病人的临床资料。将病人按手术方式分为5组：外侧裂蛛网膜囊肿造瘘组（SAC）、脑室内蛛网膜囊肿切除组（VAC）、透明膈造瘘组（SPF）、第三脑室底造瘘组（ETV）、脉络丛烧灼术组（CPC），分别总结各组病人的术后发热反应特点。结果术后发热反应以CPC组最重。术后达到最高体温的时间所有病人均不超过术后第3天。ETv组术后最高体温可出现在手术后当El的数小时内．而非ETv组病人无此现象。结论电凝烧灼、坏死组织残留、下丘脑刺激、脑脊液循环能力等多种因素．使神经内镜手术后可出现不同程度的发热反应。     

术后镇痛泵加新斯的明对胃肠功能影响

目的探讨术后硬膜外持续镇痛泵中加入新斯的明对剖宫产术后胃肠功能的影响。方法选择行剖宫产产妇240例,根据麻醉医师分组的不同将产妇分为两组,观察组126例,术后持续镇痛泵中加入麻醉药和新斯的明1.0mg;对照组114例,镇痛泵中仅有麻醉药,两组麻醉药配伍相同。观察两组产妇术后麻醉镇痛效果、肛门排气时间及腹泻、腹胀、大便失禁、恶心、呕吐等并发症发生情况。结果观察组肛门排气时间为(26.92±10.98)h,对照组为(33.78±12.61)h,两组比较差别有高度显著性(P<0.01);镇痛效果:观察组优为93.55%,对照组优为93.75%,两组比较差别无显著性(P>0.05);观察组恶心、干呕发生率为6.35%,明显低于对照组的19.3%(P<0.05),无一例发生呕吐,对照组有两例发生呕吐,三例发生腹胀;两组均无腹泻及大便失禁发生。结论术后硬膜外持续镇痛泵中加入新斯的明能促进胃肠功能,减少胃肠道并发症,有望为术后胃肠道并发症的防治提供一条新途径。     

食管癌与贲门癌术后胃排空障碍15例临床分析

目的：探讨食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因、诊断及防治。方法：回顾性分析15例食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因，区分功能性及机械性胃排空障碍的诊断，提出防治措施。结果：15例患者中11例功能性胃排空障碍，经保守治疗治愈。4例机械性胃排空障碍经手术治愈。常规行幽门成形术者，无胃排空障碍发生。结论：食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的发生与手术方式、术中操作及迷走神经干的切断等因素有关。应规范手术操作，常规行幽门成形术及辅以胃肠动力药物等进行治疗。     

Combined mortality and morbidity of direct surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Two hundred aneurysms of the abdominal aorta were treated surgically from 1980 to 1987 by the same surgeon. There were 187 men and 13 women whose mean age was 66.1 years. Nine patients were 80-years-old or more. Eighty-seven percent of patients had preoperative risk factors, 30% of which were coronary artery disease. The operative approach was through a transverse laparotomy in 188 patients compared to 11 midline incisions and one lumbotomy. An aortoaortic tube was inserted in 87 patients, a bifurcated prosthesis in 99, and a tube bypass in 14. Five patients (2.5%) died within the 30 day perioperative period. Death was due to colonic necrosis, right heart chamber thrombosis, renal failure after repeat operation for acute lower limb ischemia, and myocardial infarction associated with renal and respiratory failure. The morbidity rate was 15.7% (31 patients) and included seven neurologic accidents, four respiratory complications, five ischemic events of the lower limbs requiring reoperation and one amputation, four cardiac complications, two renal failures, one reversible colonic ischemia, one revision for incomplete hemostasis, one phlebitis, one sliding syndrome, and five minor infections or cutaneous complications. Mean duration of hospital stay was 10.9 days. These results confirm that direct operation on aortic aneurysms can be performed in patients from all age groups and even with associated diseases. A rapid, simple technique based on a transverse approach, minimal dissection and insertion of aortoaortic tubes, whenever feasible, appears to reduce combined mortality-morbidity.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Societé de Chirurgie Vasculaire de Langue Française, May 20–21, 1988, La Grande Motte, France.     

An audit of pain and vomiting in paediatric day case surgery

Three hundred and thirteen paediatric day case patients were prospectively audited to assess postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting using data sheets completed by nursing staff, anaesthetists and parents. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was 7.3% and was commoner in older children and those who had received opioids. Forty per cent of patients had some degree of postoperative pain; 17% of these patients were scored as having severe pain. Of children who had pain on returning home (31.4%), 85% of these required paracetamol. Fifteen per cent of children had a disturbed night due to pain and/or vomiting after their operation and 28.5% of children had pain on the following day. Boys undergoing circumcision were responsible for a disproportionately high percentage of the severe pain scores. Audit has helped to highlight deficiencies in the service provided and has led staff to try and improve their methods of analgesia.