补阳还五汤对特发性肺纤维化模型大鼠肺组织内皮间质转化的影响及其机制研究

目的:探讨补阳还五汤对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)模型大鼠肺组织内皮间质转化(EndMT)的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、地塞米松组[0.405 mg/(kg·d)]和补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组[6.435、12.87、25.74g/(kg·d),以生药总质量计],每组8只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均于气管内注射博来霉素以复制IPF模型。自造模后第2天起,正常组和模型组大鼠均灌胃水[10 m L/(kg·d)],各给药组大鼠灌胃相应药物,每日1次,连续28 d。末次给药24 h后,采用免疫组化法检测大鼠肺组织中内皮细胞标志物[血小板内皮细胞黏附分子1、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白]和间质细胞标志物[α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1]的表达情况,采用蛋白质印迹法检测大鼠肺组织中Notch4、DLL4的表达情况。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织中内皮细胞标志物的表达水平均显著降低,间质细胞标志物以及Notch4、DLL4的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01)。各给药组大鼠肺组织中内皮细胞标志物的表达水平均显著高于模型组,补阳还五汤低剂量组上述指标显著低于地塞米松组;间质细胞标志物以及Notch4、DLL4的表达水平均显著低于模型组,补阳还五汤低剂量组上述指标显著高于地塞米松组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:补阳还五汤可通过干预EndMT来减轻大鼠的IPF,其机制可能与抑制DLL4/Notch4信号通路有关。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

叶柏治疗老年人功能性便秘经验

叶柏认为老年人功能性便秘以阴阳两虚为主,法当益其火,壮其水,则阴凝自化,泾渭自通,常用增液汤合济川煎加减为主方治疗一方面健脾以散精,另一方面宣肺以润肠。叶老师常在主方基础上加用枳术丸,枳实破气消积,化痰除痞,与补气健脾之白术相配伍,消补兼施,以健脾运脾,行气导滞。     

肝细胞癌TACE术后病灶存活或复发18F-FDGPET/CT和增强CT诊断价值Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法评价¹⁸F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机体层摄影(¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT)和增强CT(CECT)诊断经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术后存活或复发病灶的临床价值。方法根据PRISMA报告规范开展Meta分析。检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT和CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的临床研究,时间至2019-04。由2位研究人员独立筛选文献、提取资料,根据诊断准确性研究质量评价工具-2(QUADAS-2)评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算其汇总敏感度(Sen)和特异度(Spe),绘制受试者工作特征曲线(SROC)并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共纳入10篇¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT及13篇CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的原始研究,分别包括322例患者的467个病灶和748例患者的943个病灶。Meta分析显示,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.92(95%CI为0.87~0.94)、Spe=0.95(95%CI为0.82~0.99)、AUC=0.97(95%CI为0.93~0.99);CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发病灶的Sen=0.72(95%CI为0.66~0.78)、Spe=0.99(95%CI为0.93~1.00)、AUC=0.87(95%CI为0.83~0.89)。此外,CECT诊断TACE术后存活或复发Sen(Z=2.34,P=0.02)和AUC(Z=2.21,P=0.03)值低于¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT,差异有统计学意义。结论相比于CECT,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对TACE术后存活或复发病灶具有较高诊断效能,可视为TACE术后存活或复发病灶有效的影像学诊断方法。     

微创经皮椎弓根置钉和传统开放置钉治疗无神经系统症状胸腰椎骨折患者的效果对比

目的：研究微创经皮椎弓根置钉治疗无神经系统症状胸腰椎骨折患者的效果。方法：选取我院2018年1月~2018年11月收治的83例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象，随机分为对照组和观察组，对照组31例、观察组52例。对照组采用传统后路开放式置钉，观察组采用微创经皮椎弓根置钉。比较两组手术相关指标、置钉合格率、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角及矢状面指数。结果：观察组手术时间、切口长度、出血量、下地时间均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05），观察组置钉合格率为95.67%，明显高于对照组87.50%（P＜0.05）。手术前，两组椎体前缘高度、Cobb角、矢状面指数比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）；手术后，观察组椎体前缘高度、矢状面指数高于对照组，Cobb角低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：微创经皮椎弓根置钉能够促进胸腰椎骨折患者伤椎高度的恢复，加速术后脊柱功能的恢复，术中更加安全，治疗效果更佳。     

c-TCD联合c-TTE在卵圆孔未闭右向左分流诊断中的应用

目的探讨联合应用经颅多普勒超声声学造影(c-TCD)和经胸超声心动图声学造影(c-TTE),对诊断卵圆孔未闭(PFO)相关的右向左分流(RLS)的临床价值。方法纳入2016-01—2018-10,至郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院神经内科就诊的隐源性脑卒中患者及偏头痛患者413例,同时行c-TCD联合c-TTE检查,对两者方法的检出差异和分流等级差异进行比较。进一步选取两种检查方法均阳性且c-TCD分级为2～3级,并拟进一步治疗的40例患者行TEE检查。结果 413例入组者中c-TCD和c-TTE检查RLS阳性率分别为44.07%、41.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。c-TCD和c-TTE方法检查RLS分级结果有统计学差异(Bowker值14.106,P=0.028),c-TCD检出级别高。40例行TEE检查的患者,均发现存在卵圆孔未闭。结论 c-TCD方法检查RLS敏感性高。c-TCD和c-TTE联合检查方法可提高PFO-RLS诊断的准确性。     

经尿道120 W绿激光前列腺汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生致膀胱出口梗阻临床观察

目的观察经尿道120 W绿激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)致膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的临床疗效。方法将2017年4月‐2018年3月该院治疗的114例BPH致BOO患者作为研究对象,将其应用随机数表法分为两组,均57例。对照组接受常规电切术治疗,观察组行经尿道120 W绿激光PVP治疗。观察两组手术前后残余尿量(RUV)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量及性功能等。结果术前两组IPSS评分、生活质量指数(QOL)评分及RUV、Qmax水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后观察组IPSS评分(5.46±2.10)分、QOL评分(1.28±0.72)分及RUV(21.12±2.39)ml水平低于对照组的(6.81±2.43)分、(2.34±0.98)分、(25.87±3.61)ml,观察组Qmax(24.13±3.81)ml/s水平高于对照组的(20.31±2.93)ml/s,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);观察组异常射精率3.51%、阴茎勃起功能障碍发生率7.02%、射精疼痛发生率0.00%,低于对照组的14.04%、22.81%、12.28%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论经尿道120 W绿激光PVP治疗BPH致BOO有助于改善患者梗阻症状,且对性功能影响轻微,利于提升患者生活质量。