经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响

目的探究经梨状肌和臀小肌的间隙入路行全髋关节置换对老年髋部骨折的治疗效果及病人生存质量的影响。方法选取96例老年髋部骨折病人(108髋)为本研究对象，其中50例病人(55髋)行后外侧入路全髋关节置换术为A组，46例病人(53髋)行经梨状肌和臀小肌间隙入路全髋关节置换术为B组，记录对比2组病人围手术期情况(手术时间、切口最大长度、术中出血量、术后下地时间)、并发症情况、术前术后髋关节HHS评分、VAS疼痛评分和下肢功能变化情况、术后6个月病人影像学指标情况(外展角、前倾角、偏心距)和生存质量情况(以SF-36量表表示)。结果A组病人手术时间、切口长度短于B组，术后首次下地时间长于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)；A组病人术后1、3、7 d的HISS评分低于B组，VAS评分高于B组(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)，2组病人术前、术后14、30、90、180 d的HISS和VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；B组病人术后30、90 d“起立-行走”计时测试显著优于A组，术后30 d单腿站立测试时间长于A组，术后90 d的6 min步行测试距离优于A组(P < 0.05)，其他时间点2组病人下肢功能情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；A组前倾角小于B组，偏心距大于B组(P < 0.05)；B组病人SF-36评分量表肢体功能、社会功能、心理健康和总健康程度得分均优于A组(P < 0.05)。结论相比于传统后外侧入路行全髋关节置，经梨状肌与臀小肌间隙入路对老年髋部骨折病人的损伤更小、恢复更快，近期疗效指标显著优于传统术式，符合快速康复理念，但手术时长显著增加，病人术后前倾角偏大，偏心距偏小。     

活血化瘀药联合锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折临床疗效

目的:探讨活血化瘀药膏联合锁定钢板用于老年肱骨外科颈骨折的治疗效果分析。方法:选取2014年5月—2015年6月期间收治的92例肱骨远端粉碎性骨折老年患者为研究对象。并按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组46例。对照组患者行切开复位内固定治疗,治疗组患者采用锁定钢板入路治疗同时应用活血化瘀药膏。观察两组Neer评分、骨折愈合时间和并发症发生率。结果:与对照组相比较,治疗组在出血量、手术时长以及骨折愈合时间等方面均低于对照组。治疗组患者术后并发症发生率为6.5%,显著少于对照组的32.6%,治疗组肩功能恢复优良率为89.1%,显著高于对照组的69.5%,治疗组患者疼痛、肿胀程度以及功能障碍评分均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。结论:治疗老年肱骨近端骨折选取活血化瘀药联合锁定钢板可有效避免术后并发症的发生,术后效果好。     

基于唾液SIgA免疫防御探讨开雍刺血法治疗喉源性咳嗽疗效机制

目的:基于唾液SIgA免疫防御功能观察开雍刺血法治疗喉源性咳嗽的临床疗效,探讨其免疫机制。为开雍刺血法治疗喉源性咳嗽提供依据。方法:采用随机数字表法分组,将符合条件的70例患者分为开雍刺血法组(治疗组)和苏黄止咳胶囊组(对照组),各35例。治疗组给予开雍刺血法治疗,7 d行1次治疗,2～3次为1个疗程。对照组给予苏黄止咳胶囊治疗,每日3次,每次3粒口服,疗程为21 d。观察并记录治疗前后临床症状和体征情况以及唾液SIgA的变化情况,并记录不良反应。结果:经统计学分析,治疗组和对照组治疗喉源性咳嗽均有效,且两组治疗后唾液SIgA高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组治疗前后唾液SIgA差值以及总有效率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组治疗后症状体征总分以及各因子评分均低于治疗前,且明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:开雍刺血法能快速显著缓解或消除喉源性咳嗽的症状,同时可以通过提高唾液SIgA的水平,提升患者免疫力,该方法治疗喉源性咳嗽安全有效。     

双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片联合早期微量喂养法对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的临床疗效

目的研究双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片联合早期微量喂养法治疗新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的临床效果。方法选取2016年2月至2017年11月舞钢市人民医院收治的76例NEC患儿,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组38例。两组患儿均接受抗感染、纠正酸碱失衡、维持电解质平衡、静脉营养支持等对症治疗。在此基础上,对照组患儿接受早期微量喂养法治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片喂养。比较两组患儿治疗效果、激素水平(血清胃泌素、胃动素水平),患儿康复情况(症状改善时间、静脉营养支持时间和住院天数)。结果对照组治疗总有效率为76.32%(29/38),观察组为94.74%(36/38),观察组患儿治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后2周,两组患儿血清胃泌素、胃动素水平均提高,观察组患儿血清胃泌素、胃动素水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。观察组患儿症状改善时间、静脉营养支持时间、住院天数均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片联合早期微量喂养法可有效提高NEC临床疗效,提高胃肠激素水平,加快症状改善。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

化痰通络益气养阴法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺间质纤维化疗效观察

目的观察化痰通络、益气养阴中药颗粒治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺间质纤维化的疗效及安全性。方法将慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者120例随机分成2组,对照组在西药治疗基础上给予安慰剂治疗,治疗组在西药治疗基础上给予化痰通络益气养阴中药颗粒治疗。观察比较2组患者治疗后中医证候疗效指数、mMRC分级、肺功能、血气分析变化情况。结果 2组患者治疗前各症状分值及总分比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),治疗后2组各症状评分及总分均较治疗前明显降低(P均0.05),且治疗后治疗组胸憋、喘息、气短、咳嗽、咳痰、乏力及总分均明显低于对照组(P均0.05)。治疗组mMRC分级明显优于对照组(P0.05);2组治疗后肺功能FVC%、FEV_1/FVC、DLCO均明显优于治疗前(P均0.05),但2组对比差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);2组治疗后p(O_2)均明显升高(P均0.05),p(CO_2)均明显下降(P0.05),但2组治疗后p(O_2)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组p(CO_2)明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论化痰通络、益气养阴法可明显改善患者临床症状、体征,提高患者生活质量,同时可降低患者p(CO_2)。     

响应面试验优化芪健饼干的加工工艺研究

目的:研究芪健饼干的配方优化以及配料的添加量对饼干口感的影响。方法:以感官评分为指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过Box-Behnken试验设计,对椰子油、白糖以及由黄芪和党参等为主要材料提取的中药液3个因素进行生产工艺和配方优化。结果:芪健饼干最佳配料组成为低筋面粉100%、鸡蛋液40%、黄油30%、食盐0.5%、椰子油14.8%、白糖16.7%、中药液13.0%。结论:在此条件下制作的芪健饼干营养丰富,无中药味,椰香味突出,口感疏松。本试验可为党参、黄芪等中药在食品生产中的开发运用提供参考。