葛根素对急性乙醇中毒大鼠脑内阿片肽和多巴胺的调控作用

目的： 检测葛根素对急性乙醇中毒大鼠皮层、小脑、海马和纹状体内阿片肽和多巴胺（DA）表达水平的调控作用,为临床防治乙醇中毒和开发中药葛根提供依据。方法： 雄性SD大鼠24只随机分为对照组、乙醇中毒组和葛根素组,每组8只,采用放射免疫法检测各组大鼠皮层、小脑、海马和纹状体内β-内啡肽（β-EP）、强啡肽（DnyA）和亮脑啡肽（L-EK）表达水平,采用高效液相色谱法检测各组大鼠各脑区DA、多巴克（DOPAC）和高香草酸（HVA）的表达水平,并计算（DOPAC+HVA）/DA的比值。结果：与对照组比较,乙醇中毒组和葛根素组大鼠皮层内β-EP、DnyA和L-EK表达水平降低(P<0.01),皮层、小脑、海马和纹状体内 DA、DOPAC和HVA表达水平均升高 (P<0.01);与乙醇中毒组比较,葛根素组大鼠皮层内β-EP、DnyA和L-EK表达水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),DA(P<0.01)、DOPAC(P<0.01)和HVA表达水平均降低,小脑、海马和纹状体内所有指标表达水平均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),皮层、小脑和海马内（DOPAC+HVA）/DA 比值升高,纹状体内该比值降低（P>0.05）。结论：葛根素对急性乙醇中毒造成的脑组织损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与葛根素对脑内阿片肽和DA的调控有关。     

Effects of naloxone and hypophysectomy on electroconvulsive shock-induced analgesia

Powerful analgesia follows electroconvulsive shock in both hypophysectomized and sham-operated rats. Antagonism of this analgesia by naloxone implicates opioid peptides in its mediation, its occurrence in hypophysectomized animals implicating opioids of central nervous system rather than pituitary origin. Because naloxone only partially reduces electroconvulsive shock analgesia in hypophysectomized rats, the participation of another, non-opioid analgesia substrate also seems indicated.     

针刺“内关”穴对急性心肌梗塞模型大鼠缺血心肌bFGF和TGF-β_1表达的影响

目的 :研究针刺“内关”穴对心肌梗塞后血管生成相关因子bFGF和TGF β1 的干预作用。方法 :采用免疫组化方法检测心肌bFGF和TGF β1 。结果 :结扎冠脉 2hr后即可见到心肌细胞内有bFGF和TGF β1 表达 ,2天时bFGF最少 ;而TGF β1 却增至最多。 1周后bFGF较 2天增多 ,开始在血管周围分布 ,3周时少量bFGF分布于尚未形成完整的血管上 ;而TGF β1 却较 2天时减少 ,3周时少量TGF β1 分布于细胞内。二者之间的变化表现出“拮抗”关系。针刺组bFGF表达较同一时相的模型组增多 ,并且血管生成较快 ,较完整 ;而TGF β1 针刺组却较同一时相的模型组减少。针刺“内关”对bFGF的生成具有促进作用 ,而对TGF β1 的产生却具有抑制作用。结论 :针刺“内关”穴具有调节缺血心肌血管生成相关因子bFGF和TGF β1 生成的作用     

Non-opiate β-endorphin fragments and dopamine—II β-endorphin 2–9 enhances apomorphine-induced stereotypy following subcutaneous and intra-striatal injection

The non-opiate β-endorphin (βE) fragment 2–16 (des Tyr¹-α-endorphin) enhanced apomorphine-induced stereotyped sniffing in rats, but did not interfere with the hypoactivity elicited by small doses of apomorphine. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the active moiety of α-endorphin fragments with respect to their potentiating effects on apomorphine-induced stereotyped sniffing resides in the βE fragment 2–9. Subsequent studies showed that the potentiating influence of βE 2–9 was dependent on the dose of the peptide and that the interaction between this peptide and apomorphine may be non-competitive in nature. The stereotyped sniffing elicited by apomorphine, injected bilaterally into the striatal area of the brain, was dose-dependently enhanced by intra-striatal pretreatment with βE 2–9. It is concluded that the influence of α-type endorphins and βE 2–9 on apomorphine-induced behavioural changes, is in some aspects opposite to that of γ-type endorphins, but may be mediated by quite different mechanisms.     

The effects of depolarizing agents and neuropeptides on dopamine release from striatal synaptosomes

Synaptosomes (isolated nerve endings) from rat corpus striatum responded to several depolarizing agents by releasing dopamine. Among these agents were KCl, glutamic acid, ouabain, and veratrine. Substance P hexapeptide (SP6) also caused dopamine release, but the magnitude of this effect was small and variable. A number of other neuropeptides (cholecystokinin 1–8, des-Tyr-γ-endorphin, Leu⁵-β-endorphin and substance P) did not alter dopamine release. SP6-induced dopamine release may result from substance P receptor-induced depolarization; however, the lack of robustness of the response in this preparation makes it unsuitable for studying agonists and antagonists of substance P.     

转化生长因子β_1在鼻息肉中的表达及其意义

目的　了解转化生长因子β1(TGF - β1)在息肉组织中的分布 ,并探讨其在鼻息肉发生发展过程中的作用。方法　研究对象共 84例 ,其中 6 5例鼻息肉、12例慢性鼻窦炎和 7例正常鼻黏膜 ,免疫组化 (SP法 )检测TGF - β1的表达。结果　TGF - β1在绝大部分息肉 (5 5 / 6 5 )中呈Ⅲ～Ⅳ级表达 ,11例鼻窦炎 (11/ 12 )中表达为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级 ,3例正常鼻黏膜 (3/ 7)中呈Ⅱ级表达 ,三组间两两相比均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。肥大细胞、浆细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、上皮细胞和纤维母细胞是TGF - β1的主要染色细胞。结论　息肉间质中除嗜酸性粒细胞堆积以外 ,浆细胞浸润也是息肉的特征之一 ;TGF - β1由息肉中炎性细胞和结构细胞等产生 ,参与息肉的发生发展 ,尤其在腺型息肉和纤维型息肉的形成中起重要作用     

[~3H]3-苯乙基-9β-甲氧基-9α-(间羟苯基)-3-氮杂二环[3,3,1]壬烷的制备及其与大鼠脑P_2膜阿片受体结合的特性(英文)

P—7521盐酸盐经溴化后,进行催化卤氚置换反应,得到>95％放化纯度的[~3H]P—7521。[~3H]P—7521可高亲和地结合大鼠脑P_2膜阿片受体,其K_(D1)和K_(D2)分别为0.030和0.75nmol/L。Na~+对[~3H]P—7521的特异结合无影响。[~3H]P—7521与阿片受体结合后的解离研究表明:约50％的结合在20min内很快解离,剩余的50％则解离极慢,4h时仍有35％的结合存在。[~3H]P—7521结合的膜经4次洗涤仍可测得对照组的87％的结合。[~3H]P—7521与阿片受体的结合是很牢固的。     

Regulation of pain sensitivity in the central nervous system

Nociceptive information may be inhibited by stimulation of opiate receptors located presynaptically on primary afferent neurons. Sensory signals entering the spinal cord inhibit nociceptive signals by a non-opioid "gate" mechanism. Descending systems also modulate pain sensitivity at the spinal level. The descending 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system has a tonic inhibitory function, with diurnal fluctuations in intensity. The strong analgesic effects of electrical stimulation and morphine microinjections in certain brainstem structures is probably mediated by other descending systems. The ascending 5-HT system may influence the results of some complex tests for pain sensitivity by altering e.g. emotionality and habituation rate. Acupuncture analgesia involves opioid systems. In high frequency electroacupuncture and transcutaneous nerve stimulation, a non-opioid "gate" mechanism may predominate. Acute stress may produce analgesia by opioid as well as non-opioid mechanisms. The control of pain sensitivity is influenced by learning (e.g. biofeedback techniques and social factors), and may be affected in depression, mania and schizophrenia.     

Aerobic exercise and plasma beta endorphin levels in patients with migrainous headache without aura

This study aims to evaluate the effects of plasma beta endorphin level and exercise on migrainous headache. Forty patients with migrainous headache without aura (MWOA), firstly exercised on a treadmill and afterwards were asked to continue an aerobic home exercise program for six weeks. On evaluation, basal plasma beta endorphin level was negatively correlated with total duration of attacks in the last month period (P = 0.01). Exercise was found to have beneficial effects on all migraine parameters (P < 0.0001) and to increase beta endorphin levels after the treadmill practice (P < 0.0001) and after the home exercise program except four patients not regularly attended to the program (P < 0.0001). Any of the changes in headache parameters was not correlated with the change in beta endorphin level. However, pre-exercise beta endorphin level was found to be negatively correlated with the changes in the number of attacks (P < 0.05) and total duration of attacks (P = 0.01) and also with the change in beta endorphin level due to exercise (P < 0.0001). As a result, this study emphasizes the beneficial effect of exercise on migrainous headache, especially in patients with lower basal beta endorphin level.     

老年心力衰竭患者血浆TNF-α、TGF-β1变化的意义

目的 :探讨老年充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血中肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF -α)和转化生长因子 β1 (TGF -β1 )的变化及其临床意义。方法 :用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定 60例CHF患者及 2 0例健康人血浆中TNF -α和TGF -β1的浓度。超声心动图测量左室射血分数 (LVEF)及左室舒张末期内径 (LVEDd)。结果 :CHF患者血浆中TNF -α水平明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,且随着心衰程度的加重 ,TNF -α水平呈进行性增高 ;TGF -β1 水平在心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级组中明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,而心功能Ⅱ级组与对照组相比无显著性差异。TNF -α、TGF-β1 与LVEF呈负相关 (r =-0 .5 13 ,r =-0 .45 3 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :TNF -α和TGF -β1 的升高可作为CHF严重程度的判断指标。CHF患者血中高浓度的TNF -α和TGF -β1 参与了CHF的发生发展