黄芪水煎剂和黄芪多糖对CD3AK细胞毒性的增强作用

目的探讨黄芪水煎剂和黄芪多糖(APS)对CD3AK细胞毒性的增强作用.方法将黄芪水煎剂、不同浓度的APS分别加入CD3AK细胞和靶细胞K562中,共同培养24 h后,用MTT比色法测定CD3AK细胞毒性.结果黄芪水煎剂和APS具有明显增强CD3AK细胞的毒性(P＜0.001),有效剂量为0.01 g/L.结论黄芪水煎剂和黄芪多糖能够增强CD3AK细胞的细胞毒性作用.     

黄芪多糖对糖尿病大鼠微血管病变的作用及机制的研究

目的：探讨黄芪多糖（APS）对糖尿病大鼠微血管病变的影响以及对糖尿病的治疗作用及机制。方法：成年,健康SD大鼠40只,雌雄不限,分成四组：正常对照组,糖尿病组（腹腔注射四氧嘧啶200mg/kg),APS组（造模成功后用APS治疗）,优降糖组（造模成功后用优降糖治疗）。治疗两周时测一次血糖,四周后,测血糖;颈动脉取血测定血清胰素水平,NO和MDA含量。应用形态定量的方法比较各组的心肌病理变化。结果：腹腔注射alloxan(200mg/kg)后的SD大鼠血糖浓度显升高,血清NO,MDA,胰岛素水平明显改变。APS治疗四周后,血糖浓度明显下降,与优降糖治疗组无明显差异,血清NO较未治疗组明显升高（P＜0．01）,血清MDA较未治疗组明显减少（P＜0．01）,血清胰岛素水平升高（P＜0．05）,光镜下观察,糖尿病大鼠的心肌毛细血管数量减少,基底膜增厚,微血管与心肌纤维的比率显减低,这些改变都可被APS改善.结论：APS有降低血糖和保护血管内皮细胞的作用,这可能与APS减轻氧自由基的损伤,影响NO的产生以及促进胰岛B细胞的损伤的恢复有关。     

藏药蕨麻中多糖的含量测定研究

目的:测定藏药蕨麻中多糖含量,方法:采用苯酚-硫酸法测定.结果:蕨麻中多糖含量为１１.０８３%.     

黄芪多糖对糖尿病大鼠心肌超微结构的影响

目的 观察黄芪多糖（APS）对链脲左菌素（STZ）糖尿病大鼠物质代谢、心肌超微结构的影响。方法 SD大鼠腹腔注射STZ以建立糖尿病模型（DM）,成模后分组,APS组每日给予黄芪多糖灌胃,DM组每日给予生理盐水灌胃作为对照。另设一正常对照组。实验6周后采血,测血糖、血脂,电镜观察心肌超微结构,原子吸收光谱测心肌钙含量。结果 APS组的血糖、三酰甘油水平和心肌钙含量较DM组明显降低,电镜下心肌超微结构的异常明显减轻。结论 APS可以改善STZ糖尿病大鼠的物质代谢,对其心肌超微结构也有保护作用。     

黄芪多糖治疗对去卵巢诱导骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨量和骨代谢的影响

目的探索黄芪多糖对去卵巢大鼠骨量和骨代谢以及BMP-2/Smads信号通路的影响。方法30只雌性SD大鼠进行去卵巢手术或假手术。正常饲养12周后被分为黄芪多糖组(ASNT组)、对照组(CON组)和去卵巢组(OVX组),其中黄芪多糖组每天给予400 mg/kg黄芪多糖治疗。通过骨密度、骨代谢指标、Micro-CT以及WB检测评估ASNT对骨质疏松症大鼠骨量、骨代谢以及BMP-2/Smads信号通路的影响。结果经过12周治疗,ASNT组大鼠骨密度较OVX组显著增加(P<0.05);ASNT治疗12周可以降低血清ALP和OC水平,增加血钙含量,增加股骨骨密度。经过12周治疗,ASNT组大鼠骨体积分数(BV/TV)、表面积体积分数(BS/TV)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)较OVX组显著增加;而骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)较OVX组显著降低,差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WB结果表明OVX大鼠骨组织的BMP-2/Smsds信号通路受到抑制;ASNT可以通过上调BMP-2、p-Smad1和p-Smad5的表达显著激活BMP-2/Smsds信号通路传导。结论研究表明ASNT对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和骨量具有保护作用,可能和激活BMP-2/Smads信号通路有关。     

Estimating pneumococcal vaccine coverage among Australian Indigenous children and children with medically at-risk conditions using record linkage

BackgroundRisk-based recommendations are common for pneumococcal vaccines but little is known about their uptake. In Australia, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was funded only for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) children and those with underlying medical conditions in 2001, and then there were different booster dose recommendations depending on risk after the introduction of universal PCV vaccination in 2005.MethodsWe measured coverage of PCV dose 3 and additional PCV and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) doses by risk group among children born in July 2001–December 2012 in two Australian states using linked immunisation and hospitalisation data (available until December 2013). We ascertained medical risk conditions using hospitalisation diagnosis codes and Indigenous status using an established algorithm, comparing coverage for children born pre (2001–2004) and post (2005–2012) universal PCV funding.ResultsAmong 1.3 million children, 63,897 (4.9%) were Indigenous and 32,934 (2.5%) had at least one medically at-risk condition identified by age 6 months. For births in 2001–2004, coverage for PCV dose 3 by 1 year of age was 37% for Indigenous, 15% for medically at-risk and 11% in other children, increasing to 83%, 91% and 92%, respectively for births in 2005–2012. In children with medically at-risk conditions, PCV dose 4 coverage by 2 years was 1% for 2001–2004 births, increasing to 9% for 2005–2012 births, with PPV23 coverage by 6 years 3% in both cohorts. Among eligible Indigenous children, PPV23 coverage by 3 years was 45% for 2001–2004 births and 51% for 2005–2012 births.ConclusionsCoverage with additional recommended booster doses was very low among children with medical conditions, and only modest among Indigenous children. If additional PCV doses are recommended for some risk groups, especially in the context of routine schedules with reduced doses (e.g. 2 + 1 and 1 + 1), measures to improve implementation will be required.     

Binge-eating disorder is associated with an unfavorable body mass composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

The interaction between eating disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unexplored, especially with regards to binge-eating disorder (BED). Our team conducted a service evaluation project in order to assess risk factors for the presence of BED among patients with NAFLD and the impact of BED on body mass composition. The overall prevalence of patients screening positive to BED Screener-7 (BEDS-7) was 28.4%, while a previous diagnosis of depression and marital status (as single or separated) were independently associated with positive BED. Furthermore, patients with positive BEDS-7 had higher BMI, with greater visceral component and overall lower muscle mass. There was no difference in terms of liver disease severity as assessed by noninvasive markers of fibrosis. However, as body mass composition and sarcopenia have been shown to be associated to disease progression in patients with NAFLD, further studies are required to ascertain the long-term impact of BED in these patients. Moreover, further work is warranted to identify to implement multidisciplinary approach within clinical psychology for the management of patients with BED, who may be particularly challenging in terms of achieving lifestyle modifications. As a hepatology community, we should address NAFLD with a more holistic approach.     

Evaluation of effectiveness,safety and cost-benefit of the 23– valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine for HIV-Infected patients

IntroductionDue to the lack of understanding of the protective effects and safety of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in immune-deficient populations, the vaccination rate of PPV23 among HIV-infected patients is still very low in China. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether the efforts to assess measures for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia are still worthwhile, and provide designated vaccination program of HIV-infected persons for government policy based on.Methods60 HIV-infected adults in Lanshan county who had never been vaccinated with any pneumococcal vaccine were enrolled in this study, voluntary vaccination of PPV23 and One-year follow-up after vaccination can be completed.Result76.67% patients (46/60) had serologic response at 12 months after vaccine, CD4 count(≤500 cells/ul or > 500 cells/ul) and Month from diagnosis to first antiviral therapy (≤1 month or > 1 month) were related to antibody responses (p < 0.05).In this study, PPV23 was well tolerated, no adverse reaction was reported.11 Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (9.17%,11/120) occurred in the Unvaccinated group and 1 case(1.67%,1/60)in the vaccination group within one year after vaccination(Fisher's exact probability, P = 0.225). The VE was 81.79%. The per capita benefit was 39.32 dollars, the benefit-cost ratio = 1.19. There are significant statistical differences between the vaccinated group and the non-vaccinated group in outpatient costs (p < 0.05, 95 %CI: 9.29–32.11), Medicine costs (p = 0.017, 95 %CI: 2.47–24.44), and disease related indirect costs (p = 0.038, 95 %CI: 0.93–33.63) within one year of vaccination.ConclusionOur study results showed that PPV23 can be safely and effectively administered to HIV-1 infected individuals and effectively preventing Streptococcal pneumonia. Considering the cost-benefit of vaccination among HIV-infected persons, as it has been reported in our study, it is necessary to promote the widespread use of the vaccine among HIV-infected persons in the future.     

Effect of stimulation of Kupffer cells by prodigiosan on regeneration of hepatocytes

The effect of the polysaccharide ofBacillus prodigiosus (prodigiosan) on DNA synthesis and mitotic activity of the hepatocytes was studied in the regenerating liver of male Wistar rats. After administration of the stimulator in a dose of 50 g per rat 24 h before partial hepatectomy the indices of labeled nuclei and mitotic indices were higher and reached their maximum sooner in the hepatocytes in the experimental animals than in the controls. It is suggested that the stimulating effect of prodigiosan is connected with activation of the Kupffer cells of the liver.Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 69–71, July, 1978.